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Papers by kazem rahmani

Research paper thumbnail of The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in reducing the incidence, hospitalization, and mortality from COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Public Health

BackgroundVaccination, one of the most important and effective ways of preventing infectious dise... more BackgroundVaccination, one of the most important and effective ways of preventing infectious diseases, has recently been used to control the COVID-19 pandemic. The present meta-analysis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in reducing the incidence, hospitalization, and mortality from COVID-19.MethodsA systematic search was performed independently in Scopus, PubMed via Medline, ProQuest, and Google Scholar electronic databases as well as preprint servers using the keywords under study. We used random-effect models and the heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using I2 and χ2 statistics. In addition, the Pooled Vaccine Effectiveness (PVE) obtained from the studies was calculated by converting based on the type of outcome.ResultsA total of 54 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The PVE against SARS-COV 2 infection were 71% [odds ratio (OR) = 0.29, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.23–0.36] in the first dose and 87% (OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.08–0.21) i...

Research paper thumbnail of Association between noise annoyance and hearing loss caused by chronic exposure to noise among the workers of an automotive industry

Trends in Medicine

Background: As a physical pollutant in the workplace, noise has physiological and psychological c... more Background: As a physical pollutant in the workplace, noise has physiological and psychological consequences for people. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between annoyance and hearing loss in the people exposed to chronic noise in the automotive industry. Methods: 250 workers exposed to sound pressure in the work environment were randomly selected. The DANPLEX-AS54 audiometry device was also used to measure the workers' hearing levels. Furthermore, an annoyance inventory containing questions numbered 1 to 11 to indicate the level of annoyance was used as well. Results: using Pearson correlation coefficient to evaluate hearing levels and annoyance, we found out a significant positive relationship between annoyance and hearing level at frequencies of 2000, 4000 and 8000 in the left ear, and frequency of 6000 in the right ear (P <0.001). Also, there was a significant relationship between annoyance and NIHL (noise-induced hearing loss) in the left ear, and general conditions (both ears) (P <0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study, showed that there was a significant positive relationship between noise annoyance and hearing loss among the workers, and the likelihood of noise annoyance increased with the incidence of hearing loss.

Research paper thumbnail of Association between JC virus and colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis

Infectious Diseases

Objective: Given the probable role of JC virus in associate with increasing the odds of colorecta... more Objective: Given the probable role of JC virus in associate with increasing the odds of colorectal cancer, this study was conducted systematically to evaluate the association between JC virus and colorectal cancer. Materials and methods: Systematic reviews of the articles published prior to January 1, 2019 without time and place limitations were done independently through the PubMed, ISI, EMBASE and Medline main databases. The heterogeneity rate was assessed through I2, Chi2 and Tau2, and the sensitivity analysis and meta-regression were used to investigate the source of heterogeneity among the studies. Results: 24 studies with a sample size of 2576 were finally entered into the meta-analysis. The results showed that the prevalence of JC virus in colorectal cancer tissues was about 43% (95% CI: 29%-58%). The meta-analysis results also showed that the presence of JCV in colorectal tissues increased the odds of colorectal cancer 4.70 times as much (OR Pooled ¼ 4.70; 95% CI: 2.95-7.50). Also, the results of the subgroup analysis indicated that the presence of JC virus, compared with the tissues adjacent to the tumour and the healthy control tissues, increased the odds of colorectal cancer (OR Pooled ¼ 4.50, 95% CI: 2.09-9.65 and OR Pooled ¼ 4.70, 95% CI: 2.95-7.50) respectively. Conclusion: The meta-analysis showed that as an oncogene virus, JC could increase the odds of colorectal cancer, reinforcing the hypothesis on the role of viral factors in the pathogenesis of cancers. KEYWORDS JC virus colorectal cancer polyomavirus ARTICLE HISTORY

Research paper thumbnail of Combined Effect of Noise and Smoking on the Cognitive Performance of Automotive Industry Workers

Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal

Noise is an environmental stressor and can cause or exacerbate mental disorders, and affect the i... more Noise is an environmental stressor and can cause or exacerbate mental disorders, and affect the individual performance in certain conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of noise and smoking on the cognitive performance of the workers in the automotive industry. Methods: This research is a descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design conducted on 300 workers randomly assigned into two groups of noise-exposed and nonexposed. They were examined using computerized tests, including the Tower of London test (TOL), Continuous Performance test (CPT), and Stroop test. The sound pressure levels were measured based on an 8-hour equal-loudness contour in each group according to ISO 9612 standard, using the Testo CEL-815 sound level meter. Results: The study of combined effects of noise and smoking on 12 CPT indicators using the 2-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicate that noise and smoking factors had a significant impact on the mean number of errors and correct responses in the third 50-stimuli stage, the mean number of errors and correct responses in the second 50-stimuli stage with P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.012 and P<0.001 for smoking respectively, but only noise affected the other 7 indicators (P<0.001). Conclusion: Smoking and noise have negative impacts on concentration, attention, and cognitive processing speed, which can lead to an individual's mistakes and delayed decision making at the workplace.

Research paper thumbnail of Relationship Between Noise Annoyance and Cognitive Performance in Automotive Workers Exposed to Chronic Noise

Journal of UOEH

Among the most important complaints of people exposed to noise are the feelings of resentment and... more Among the most important complaints of people exposed to noise are the feelings of resentment and annoyance, and the changes in mental conditions, which are among the main psychological consequences affecting the concentration and accuracy of workers. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between annoyance and cognitive performance of workers exposed to chronic noise. This is a descriptive-analytical study conducted on workers in an automotive company. Three hundred workers exposed to noise were entered into the study in two groups: administrative (150 people) and industrial (150 people). The Tower of London and the Stroop computerized psychological tests were used to determine the cognitive status of the workers, and a questionnaire with numbered questions (numbered 1 to 11) was used in order to determine their level of annoyance. There was a significant correlation between the workers' cognitive performance and annoyance levels (P value <0.001). Linear regression results showed that cognitive performance had a significant relationship with the received sound intensity, while the workers' annoyance had a significant relationship with cognitive performance only in the number of wrong answers, the number of unanswered questions, and the number of correct answers in the Stroop test (P value <0.001). The researchers concluded that exposure to chronic noise in work environments could bring about occupational annoyance, and consequently, cognitive disorders, which could increase the risk of errors. More studies are needed to further explore this relationship.

Research paper thumbnail of A Study of Mental and Physiological Effects of Chronic Exposure to Noise in an Automotive Industry

Journal of Ergonomics

Background and Objectives: Noise pollution is one of the most harmful physical factors in working... more Background and Objectives: Noise pollution is one of the most harmful physical factors in working environments in developed and developing countries, which has significant impacts on the workers' quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate mental and physiological effects of chronic exposure to noise. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out randomly in 2018 on 250 workers in the automotive Industry. To measure the subjects' aggression and annoyance levels, the Buss and Perry's Aggression Questionnaire was used as well as an annoyance questionnaire. In this study, blood pressure measurement was also done using ALPK2 mercuric pressure gauge. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and noise annoyance in the groups with a lower-than-85 and higher-than-85 dB sound pressure levels (P<0.001). Besides, the results of multivariate regression showed that the annoyance level and sound pressure level had a significant relationship with the workers' blood pressure (P<0.01). Also, there was a significant correlation between aggression components and sound pressure level (P<0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study clearly showed that chronic exposure to noise in work environments was associated with psychological and physiological changes, such as increased blood pressure and aggression levels. Hence, implementation of preventive programs can help reduce the incidence of the psychological and physiological disorders.

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Smoking on Cognitive Performance of Workers in the Automotive Industry

Journal of Ergonomics

Background and Objectives: Studies have shown the effect of smoking on mental and cognitive perfo... more Background and Objectives: Studies have shown the effect of smoking on mental and cognitive performance of the individuals who need to concentrate on their work. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of smoking on cognitive performance of the automotive industry workers. Methods: In this case-control study conducted in 2018, 280 automotive industry workers were selected through the simple random sampling and then assigned to two groups of smokers (100 cases) and non-smokers (180 controls). All the subjects were selected from the environments with the sound levels of 82 to 88 dB. The workers' cognitive performance was also tested using the CPT, Stroop and Tower of London tests. Results: The mean age of the case group was 36/02 (3/7) and that of the control group was 36/25 (3/65) years. The results showed that the scores of the TOL test in the case group (smokers) were lower than those of the non-smokers (OR=0/903, P<0.01), and other items of the TOL test had no significant relationship with the individuals' smoking status (P<0/05). The Stroop and continuous performance tests also had a significant relationship with the individuals' smoking status in terms of the number of correct responses and the response time as well as interference (P<0.01). Other items had no relationship with the individuals' smoking status (P<0/05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the use of cigarettes and nicotine substances significantly decreased the workers' mental and intellectual performance, and smokers were more likely to suffer from concentration interference, low brain processing speed in decision-making, and low precision at work, compared to non-smokers.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Chronic Noise Exposure on Aggressive Behavior of Automotive Industry Workers

The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Background: Noise pollution is one of the important harmful physical factors in work environment ... more Background: Noise pollution is one of the important harmful physical factors in work environment in developed and developing countries. It not only causes a variety of physiological effects, but also accounts for psychological disorders. Objective: To investigate the effects of chronic exposure to noise on aggression in automotive industry workers. Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted in an Iranian automotive industry, a group of workers were randomly selected from different parts of the paint shop. The workers' aggression level was measured using the Buss and Perry's questionnaire. The noise level was also measured at the workplace. Using linear regression analysis, the relationship between the level of aggression and noise level was evaluated. Results: 250 workers with a mean age of 36.1 (SD 3.7) years were studied. There was a significant (p<0.05) correlation between the measured noise intensity and the aggression level of the studied workers. Conclusion: Exposure to noise in work environment increases the incidence of tension and inappropriate behavior associated with aggression. Controlling noise through use of protective equipment might reduce the deleterious effects of noise on workers.

Research paper thumbnail of The Effects of Chronical Noise-Exposure on Hearing Ability, Psychological, and Mental Attitude of Workers in Automotive Industry

The Journal of Tolooebehdasht

Introduction: Noise is considered as a physical hazard that seriously threatens human health in i... more Introduction: Noise is considered as a physical hazard that seriously threatens human health in industrial environments. It is also the most important and influential harmful physical factor in workplace that can affect the individuals’ lifestyle and job. The present study aimed to determine the effects of chronic noise on the hearing ability as well as psychological and mental attitudes of workers in the workplace. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out to measure the sound intensity received by the individuals' ears at an 8-hour equivalent level based on ISO 9612: 2009 standard, using the Testo device (model CEL-815). Annoyance (negative mental attitude to work environment) was also measured using a questionnaire containing 11 questions. Furthermore, the Stroop and Tower of London (TOL) tests were applied to investigate the cognitive performance. Results: A total of 300 people with the mean age of 36.03 ± 3.79 were included in this study. The results clea...

Research paper thumbnail of Risk Factors Contributing to the Incidence and Mortality of Acute Childhood Poisoning in Emergency Department: a Hospital base Case-Control Study, Iran

Epidemiology and Health

OBJECTIVES: Since poisoning is one of the most important preventable factors contributing to the ... more OBJECTIVES: Since poisoning is one of the most important preventable factors contributing to the hospitalization and death of children who present to emergency departments, this study was carried out to investigate the risk factors contributing to the incidence and mortality of acute childhood poisoning.METHODS: This hospital-based case-control study included 243 cases and 489 controls, drawn from daily admissions to the emergency departments of the included hospitals according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.RESULTS: Gastrointestinal poisoning was the most common poisoning type, found in 87.7% of subjects, and medications were the most common cause of poisoning (49.8%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that a history of poisoning (odds ratio [OR], 10.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.58 to 19.51; p<0.001) and the availability of poisonous substances (OR, 8.88; 95% CI, 5.41 to 14.56; p<0.001) were among the most important predictors of childhood poisoning...

Research paper thumbnail of The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in reducing the incidence, hospitalization, and mortality from COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Public Health

BackgroundVaccination, one of the most important and effective ways of preventing infectious dise... more BackgroundVaccination, one of the most important and effective ways of preventing infectious diseases, has recently been used to control the COVID-19 pandemic. The present meta-analysis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in reducing the incidence, hospitalization, and mortality from COVID-19.MethodsA systematic search was performed independently in Scopus, PubMed via Medline, ProQuest, and Google Scholar electronic databases as well as preprint servers using the keywords under study. We used random-effect models and the heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using I2 and χ2 statistics. In addition, the Pooled Vaccine Effectiveness (PVE) obtained from the studies was calculated by converting based on the type of outcome.ResultsA total of 54 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The PVE against SARS-COV 2 infection were 71% [odds ratio (OR) = 0.29, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.23–0.36] in the first dose and 87% (OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.08–0.21) i...

Research paper thumbnail of Association between noise annoyance and hearing loss caused by chronic exposure to noise among the workers of an automotive industry

Trends in Medicine

Background: As a physical pollutant in the workplace, noise has physiological and psychological c... more Background: As a physical pollutant in the workplace, noise has physiological and psychological consequences for people. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between annoyance and hearing loss in the people exposed to chronic noise in the automotive industry. Methods: 250 workers exposed to sound pressure in the work environment were randomly selected. The DANPLEX-AS54 audiometry device was also used to measure the workers' hearing levels. Furthermore, an annoyance inventory containing questions numbered 1 to 11 to indicate the level of annoyance was used as well. Results: using Pearson correlation coefficient to evaluate hearing levels and annoyance, we found out a significant positive relationship between annoyance and hearing level at frequencies of 2000, 4000 and 8000 in the left ear, and frequency of 6000 in the right ear (P <0.001). Also, there was a significant relationship between annoyance and NIHL (noise-induced hearing loss) in the left ear, and general conditions (both ears) (P <0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study, showed that there was a significant positive relationship between noise annoyance and hearing loss among the workers, and the likelihood of noise annoyance increased with the incidence of hearing loss.

Research paper thumbnail of Association between JC virus and colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis

Infectious Diseases

Objective: Given the probable role of JC virus in associate with increasing the odds of colorecta... more Objective: Given the probable role of JC virus in associate with increasing the odds of colorectal cancer, this study was conducted systematically to evaluate the association between JC virus and colorectal cancer. Materials and methods: Systematic reviews of the articles published prior to January 1, 2019 without time and place limitations were done independently through the PubMed, ISI, EMBASE and Medline main databases. The heterogeneity rate was assessed through I2, Chi2 and Tau2, and the sensitivity analysis and meta-regression were used to investigate the source of heterogeneity among the studies. Results: 24 studies with a sample size of 2576 were finally entered into the meta-analysis. The results showed that the prevalence of JC virus in colorectal cancer tissues was about 43% (95% CI: 29%-58%). The meta-analysis results also showed that the presence of JCV in colorectal tissues increased the odds of colorectal cancer 4.70 times as much (OR Pooled ¼ 4.70; 95% CI: 2.95-7.50). Also, the results of the subgroup analysis indicated that the presence of JC virus, compared with the tissues adjacent to the tumour and the healthy control tissues, increased the odds of colorectal cancer (OR Pooled ¼ 4.50, 95% CI: 2.09-9.65 and OR Pooled ¼ 4.70, 95% CI: 2.95-7.50) respectively. Conclusion: The meta-analysis showed that as an oncogene virus, JC could increase the odds of colorectal cancer, reinforcing the hypothesis on the role of viral factors in the pathogenesis of cancers. KEYWORDS JC virus colorectal cancer polyomavirus ARTICLE HISTORY

Research paper thumbnail of Combined Effect of Noise and Smoking on the Cognitive Performance of Automotive Industry Workers

Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal

Noise is an environmental stressor and can cause or exacerbate mental disorders, and affect the i... more Noise is an environmental stressor and can cause or exacerbate mental disorders, and affect the individual performance in certain conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of noise and smoking on the cognitive performance of the workers in the automotive industry. Methods: This research is a descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design conducted on 300 workers randomly assigned into two groups of noise-exposed and nonexposed. They were examined using computerized tests, including the Tower of London test (TOL), Continuous Performance test (CPT), and Stroop test. The sound pressure levels were measured based on an 8-hour equal-loudness contour in each group according to ISO 9612 standard, using the Testo CEL-815 sound level meter. Results: The study of combined effects of noise and smoking on 12 CPT indicators using the 2-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicate that noise and smoking factors had a significant impact on the mean number of errors and correct responses in the third 50-stimuli stage, the mean number of errors and correct responses in the second 50-stimuli stage with P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.012 and P<0.001 for smoking respectively, but only noise affected the other 7 indicators (P<0.001). Conclusion: Smoking and noise have negative impacts on concentration, attention, and cognitive processing speed, which can lead to an individual's mistakes and delayed decision making at the workplace.

Research paper thumbnail of Relationship Between Noise Annoyance and Cognitive Performance in Automotive Workers Exposed to Chronic Noise

Journal of UOEH

Among the most important complaints of people exposed to noise are the feelings of resentment and... more Among the most important complaints of people exposed to noise are the feelings of resentment and annoyance, and the changes in mental conditions, which are among the main psychological consequences affecting the concentration and accuracy of workers. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between annoyance and cognitive performance of workers exposed to chronic noise. This is a descriptive-analytical study conducted on workers in an automotive company. Three hundred workers exposed to noise were entered into the study in two groups: administrative (150 people) and industrial (150 people). The Tower of London and the Stroop computerized psychological tests were used to determine the cognitive status of the workers, and a questionnaire with numbered questions (numbered 1 to 11) was used in order to determine their level of annoyance. There was a significant correlation between the workers' cognitive performance and annoyance levels (P value <0.001). Linear regression results showed that cognitive performance had a significant relationship with the received sound intensity, while the workers' annoyance had a significant relationship with cognitive performance only in the number of wrong answers, the number of unanswered questions, and the number of correct answers in the Stroop test (P value <0.001). The researchers concluded that exposure to chronic noise in work environments could bring about occupational annoyance, and consequently, cognitive disorders, which could increase the risk of errors. More studies are needed to further explore this relationship.

Research paper thumbnail of A Study of Mental and Physiological Effects of Chronic Exposure to Noise in an Automotive Industry

Journal of Ergonomics

Background and Objectives: Noise pollution is one of the most harmful physical factors in working... more Background and Objectives: Noise pollution is one of the most harmful physical factors in working environments in developed and developing countries, which has significant impacts on the workers' quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate mental and physiological effects of chronic exposure to noise. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out randomly in 2018 on 250 workers in the automotive Industry. To measure the subjects' aggression and annoyance levels, the Buss and Perry's Aggression Questionnaire was used as well as an annoyance questionnaire. In this study, blood pressure measurement was also done using ALPK2 mercuric pressure gauge. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and noise annoyance in the groups with a lower-than-85 and higher-than-85 dB sound pressure levels (P<0.001). Besides, the results of multivariate regression showed that the annoyance level and sound pressure level had a significant relationship with the workers' blood pressure (P<0.01). Also, there was a significant correlation between aggression components and sound pressure level (P<0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study clearly showed that chronic exposure to noise in work environments was associated with psychological and physiological changes, such as increased blood pressure and aggression levels. Hence, implementation of preventive programs can help reduce the incidence of the psychological and physiological disorders.

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Smoking on Cognitive Performance of Workers in the Automotive Industry

Journal of Ergonomics

Background and Objectives: Studies have shown the effect of smoking on mental and cognitive perfo... more Background and Objectives: Studies have shown the effect of smoking on mental and cognitive performance of the individuals who need to concentrate on their work. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of smoking on cognitive performance of the automotive industry workers. Methods: In this case-control study conducted in 2018, 280 automotive industry workers were selected through the simple random sampling and then assigned to two groups of smokers (100 cases) and non-smokers (180 controls). All the subjects were selected from the environments with the sound levels of 82 to 88 dB. The workers' cognitive performance was also tested using the CPT, Stroop and Tower of London tests. Results: The mean age of the case group was 36/02 (3/7) and that of the control group was 36/25 (3/65) years. The results showed that the scores of the TOL test in the case group (smokers) were lower than those of the non-smokers (OR=0/903, P<0.01), and other items of the TOL test had no significant relationship with the individuals' smoking status (P<0/05). The Stroop and continuous performance tests also had a significant relationship with the individuals' smoking status in terms of the number of correct responses and the response time as well as interference (P<0.01). Other items had no relationship with the individuals' smoking status (P<0/05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the use of cigarettes and nicotine substances significantly decreased the workers' mental and intellectual performance, and smokers were more likely to suffer from concentration interference, low brain processing speed in decision-making, and low precision at work, compared to non-smokers.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Chronic Noise Exposure on Aggressive Behavior of Automotive Industry Workers

The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Background: Noise pollution is one of the important harmful physical factors in work environment ... more Background: Noise pollution is one of the important harmful physical factors in work environment in developed and developing countries. It not only causes a variety of physiological effects, but also accounts for psychological disorders. Objective: To investigate the effects of chronic exposure to noise on aggression in automotive industry workers. Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted in an Iranian automotive industry, a group of workers were randomly selected from different parts of the paint shop. The workers' aggression level was measured using the Buss and Perry's questionnaire. The noise level was also measured at the workplace. Using linear regression analysis, the relationship between the level of aggression and noise level was evaluated. Results: 250 workers with a mean age of 36.1 (SD 3.7) years were studied. There was a significant (p<0.05) correlation between the measured noise intensity and the aggression level of the studied workers. Conclusion: Exposure to noise in work environment increases the incidence of tension and inappropriate behavior associated with aggression. Controlling noise through use of protective equipment might reduce the deleterious effects of noise on workers.

Research paper thumbnail of The Effects of Chronical Noise-Exposure on Hearing Ability, Psychological, and Mental Attitude of Workers in Automotive Industry

The Journal of Tolooebehdasht

Introduction: Noise is considered as a physical hazard that seriously threatens human health in i... more Introduction: Noise is considered as a physical hazard that seriously threatens human health in industrial environments. It is also the most important and influential harmful physical factor in workplace that can affect the individuals’ lifestyle and job. The present study aimed to determine the effects of chronic noise on the hearing ability as well as psychological and mental attitudes of workers in the workplace. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out to measure the sound intensity received by the individuals' ears at an 8-hour equivalent level based on ISO 9612: 2009 standard, using the Testo device (model CEL-815). Annoyance (negative mental attitude to work environment) was also measured using a questionnaire containing 11 questions. Furthermore, the Stroop and Tower of London (TOL) tests were applied to investigate the cognitive performance. Results: A total of 300 people with the mean age of 36.03 ± 3.79 were included in this study. The results clea...

Research paper thumbnail of Risk Factors Contributing to the Incidence and Mortality of Acute Childhood Poisoning in Emergency Department: a Hospital base Case-Control Study, Iran

Epidemiology and Health

OBJECTIVES: Since poisoning is one of the most important preventable factors contributing to the ... more OBJECTIVES: Since poisoning is one of the most important preventable factors contributing to the hospitalization and death of children who present to emergency departments, this study was carried out to investigate the risk factors contributing to the incidence and mortality of acute childhood poisoning.METHODS: This hospital-based case-control study included 243 cases and 489 controls, drawn from daily admissions to the emergency departments of the included hospitals according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.RESULTS: Gastrointestinal poisoning was the most common poisoning type, found in 87.7% of subjects, and medications were the most common cause of poisoning (49.8%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that a history of poisoning (odds ratio [OR], 10.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.58 to 19.51; p<0.001) and the availability of poisonous substances (OR, 8.88; 95% CI, 5.41 to 14.56; p<0.001) were among the most important predictors of childhood poisoning...