Manisha Khulbe - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Manisha Khulbe
2019 9th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence), 2019
Nonlinear optics plays an important role in the processing storing and visualizations of data set... more Nonlinear optics plays an important role in the processing storing and visualizations of data sets. There has been a rapid growth in the capacity of communication networks in last few decades. Big data challenges lies in capturing the data, storing it and analysing these data sets. This also includes sharing, transferring, visualizating, and updating the information privacy and data source. Traditional techniques of databases management system find difficult in storing and handling big data. Photonic-based circuits in communication are able to meet these challenges. Brief over view is introduced here that how these nonlinear optical circuits based communication is being used in big data communication through channel and also nonlinear optics being used in storing large data sets. The techniques used for terabit communication are WDM (wavelength division multiplexing , optical storage arrays, probabilistic graphical models and quantum computing. These techniques are introduced in thi...
Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 1, Apr 22, 2023
Technology, Knowledge and Learning
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2022
IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies
Technology-enhanced learning solutions carry the potential for transforming teacher learning and ... more Technology-enhanced learning solutions carry the potential for transforming teacher learning and the delivery of professional development activities. This article proposes that the tools that professionals use in their practice can be considered an important mediator for professional learning. We carried out three design experiments, the results of which were used to formulate the conceptual design of a digital learning ecosystem for fostering teachers' professional learning, which is operationalized through different phases, namely competency-based planning of professional development, designing pedagogical practices, enactment of student-centered learning enriched with technology, and reflection upon own practice to plan comprehensively for competency-based professional development.
2010 16th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), 2010
Energy Efficient Routing is a crucial issue in Wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This paper propos... more Energy Efficient Routing is a crucial issue in Wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This paper proposes a novel algorithm, Parametric Protocol for Energy Efficient Cluster Head Selection (PPEECS) in WSN, which consists of two phases; Region formation phase and Cluster Head (CH) selection phase. In prior phase we divide the network into several regions depending upon node density distribution. The later phase allocates a CH per region. The CH selection depends upon relevant parameters related to energy dissipation of nodes. This routing protocol increases the overall lifetime of the network by uniform and effective energy utilization. Simulations show that PPEECS increases network lifetime by all metrics i.e. FND (First Node Dies) by 22%, HNA (Half of the Nodes Alive) by 60% and LND (Last Node Dies) by 50% when compared with an existing protocol, LEACH. Also, PPEECS has a better network lifetime when compared with multihop-LEACH; FND -74%, HNA - 53% and LND - 43 %.
Journal of Optics, Apr 20, 2023
This research proposes a mathematical model for a plasmonic sensor using kinetic theory of plasma... more This research proposes a mathematical model for a plasmonic sensor using kinetic theory of plasma with the Vlasov equation. A nanoantenna cavity of a plasmonic material is driven by an input electromagnetic wave, which changes the charge density and current flow in the cavity, resulting in a change in the Fermi distribution function of the charged particles. The results are achieved in terms of current density and conductivity by solving the Boltzmann transport equation, Maxwell’s equations, and Taylor series expansion in terms of perturbed electric fields with linear integro differential equations. The results are simulated using MATLAB. The changes in current density and conductivity are validated by experimental analysis of graphene plasmonic material using patch antenna with the dielectric substrates SiO2 and Al2O3. By varying the applied electric fields, current changes at the output of the plasmonic antenna are analyzed using signal-processing techniques. Wavelet transforms are used to find the space-scale behavior of the output signals, such as current density variation, voltage variation, and susceptibility change with sub-band coding techniques in terms of wavelet coefficients.
2016 8th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN), 2016
A dual band coaxial fed slotted microstrip patch antenna for THz application on FR4_epoxy substra... more A dual band coaxial fed slotted microstrip patch antenna for THz application on FR4_epoxy substrate using T shape patches is designed and analysed. Slots are made by symmetrically cutting a copper sheet. Implementation of this structure offers a better directivity and radiation efficiency. Full wave simulation results showed that the THz band slot antenna works at 0.6326 THz and 0.8702 THz. Maximum gain is obtained as more than 8.2 dB. This THz slot antenna can be used for the application in various fields such as fast and secure data transferrring, biomedical applications, radar and THz imaging, nanoantenna applications.
Advanced Electromagnetics, 2018
In this paper, a mathematical model is designed for THz generation from a nonlinear random medium... more In this paper, a mathematical model is designed for THz generation from a nonlinear random medium. Using nonlinear optics and Maxwell’s equations a set of nonlinear wave equations are derived to give scattered electromagnetic fields from an inhomogeneous medium. First, the analysis is done with second order nonlinearity. Its scattering parameters are calculated for THz radiation. Secondly, third order nonlinearity is described in terms of the coupling of Scalar and vector field components of nonlinear wave equations. The coupling of waves results in soliton generation. Multiple nonlinear interaction in the medium also gives wide bandwidth. Speed and high bandwidth is a demand of future networks. Hence a mathematical proof is implemented for THz antennas using SHG (Second harmonic generation) and THG (Third harmonic generation) materials. These antennas are designed and simulated using GaAs as a SHG material, and Graphene with SiO2 substrate as a THG material. GaAs is used as a subst...
2017 Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS), 2017
In this paper; we present an approach to nonlinear inverse scattering problem using wavelets and ... more In this paper; we present an approach to nonlinear inverse scattering problem using wavelets and least square estimation. Considering a slab of inhomogeneous medium an algorithm is designed to find the medium parameters in terms of scattered electromagnetic fields. The parameters are defined in terms of linear and nonlinear components of susceptibility and permeability. Algorithms are proposed for solving the parameters that characterize the inho-mogeneous medium by first determining an approximate expansion for the scattered EM fields (forward scattering) using Maxwell's equations. Posing the problem using wavelet basis functions in Method of Moment the inverse solutions and parameters are obtained in terms of the basis functions Inverse problems arise in medical data, seismic data, geophysical prospecting and many more applications. This paper demonstrates the analysis and algorithm for the estimation of parameters using inverse scattering technique.
Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing
Optical fiber communication is known as the backbone of communication today for voice, video, and... more Optical fiber communication is known as the backbone of communication today for voice, video, and data transmission. Recent advancements in optical technologies are leading us to many new forms of generation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) waves and its transmission technologies. Among them are hypergeometric waveform (HG), Bessel’s waveforms, Laguerre Gaussian waveforms, and other forms of OAMs. This mode of communication is by the twisted form of electromagnetic wave which can accommodate a larger number of channels making communication simpler for wired and wireless communication. In this paper, various methods of OAM waveform generation are presented and are compared in details discussing the various needs in communication. OAM multiplexing is done by spatial division multiplexing (SDM) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). Methods of OAM communication, generation techniques, power analysis, and bit error analysis prove efficient transmission capability of OAM waves usin...
2018 Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS-Toyama), 2018
Here in this paper we find the parameter flux of homogeneous and inhomogeneous solutions of the p... more Here in this paper we find the parameter flux of homogeneous and inhomogeneous solutions of the plasma state based on the Vlasov equation. The Vlasov equation describes the evolution of the distribution function of charged particles in six dimensional phase space (x, v, t). The stochastic dynamics in phase space of a charged particle is given by the Boltzmann equation. Here, various ion species contribute to the permittivity from different portions of a velocity distribution function of plasma. If plasma current in 4-D Fourier moment domain is J(w), for each species depending on the electric or magnetic susceptibility, then the total solution for the susceptibility of the ion species in that channel is calculated by integrating sum total of the inhomogeneous terms with charge and position moment of the particle species. The results are simulated using Matlab. The solutions can be used in biological simulations and medical imaging.
─ Wavelet based approach for solving the modes of waveguide is by solving the partial differentia... more ─ Wavelet based approach for solving the modes of waveguide is by solving the partial differential equation. Any wavelet expansion approach to solving differential equations is a projection method in which the goal is to use the fewest number of expansion coefficients to represent the solution since it leads to efficient numerical computations. Specifically, we describe a method for constructing the wavelet representation and describe a fast, adaptive algorithm for applying these operators to functions expanded in wavelet basis. Here solutions using wavelet depends on initial and boundary data. Using the wavelet approach to partial derivatives gives sparse matrices which is easier in computation.
2019 URSI Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference (AP-RASC), 2019
In this paper we propose to solve approximately using perturbation theory, Maxwell’s equations in... more In this paper we propose to solve approximately using perturbation theory, Maxwell’s equations in general relativity ie in curved space-time (that describes gravitational effects ofmatter on the electromagnetic field) taking in addition account of the fact that the medium may be nonlinear, inhomogeneous and anisotropic that is described by a electromagnetic field dependent permittivity – permeability -conductivity tensor. We also propose a method for estimating under such circumstances, ie gravitational effects & inhomogeneity anisotropicity & nonlinearity of the medium into account, the surface current density induced on an antenna when an electromagnetic field is incident upon it. The entire formalism is based on the tensor calculus and covariant differentiating fundamental to the general theory of relativity.
Soliton refers to highly stable localized solutions of certain nonlinear partial differential equ... more Soliton refers to highly stable localized solutions of certain nonlinear partial differential equations describing physical phenomenon. Soliton concept was first discovered on hydrodynamics in the 19th century and then entered into other branches in physics.An optical soliton in a short high amplitude optical pulse that does not spread as it propagates. It propagates through a nonlinear optical medium without any changes in its shape and velocity.Solitons in nonlinear optical fiber have important applications in communication, optical computing, optical switching etc.
This paper gives a brief description of the mathematical techniques used to define plasmonics. Th... more This paper gives a brief description of the mathematical techniques used to define plasmonics. The kinetic theory using Vlasov equation is one that gives the concept of plasma generation. Plasmonic antennas better suited for THz applications has added advantages in terms of bandwidth. Taking Graphene patch antenna, which is one of the plasmonic material, is designed in the THz range. This antenna gives wide bandwidth in GHz and THz range. The Graphene patch is designed and tested with Si, SiO2 and Al2O3 substrates, which gives S11 at different THz frequencies and different bandwidths.
2019 9th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence), 2019
In this paper research work is done to introduce a novel approach of wavelet transforms and feed ... more In this paper research work is done to introduce a novel approach of wavelet transforms and feed forward neural (FNN), to get an accurate size of the diseased tissues. Using light scattering concepts, a neural network based methodology is presented to find the size of microscopic particles. This paper tries to simplify the light scattering difficulty, as an improvement to the previous work done in this domain, a novel approach using feed forward neural networks (FNN) along with the wavelets transforms has been studied, to get an accurate size results. A comparable study has been done in order to show the size determination of particle using wavelet transforms and FNN. The size of the particle is determined from the intensity profile generated by the Mie theory concept for radius 5μm to 10 μm at an interval of 0.01 μm with varying the scattering angle from 00 to 250. The intensity vs. scattering angle profiles generated is used to deduce the sizing parameters. The accuracy of the met...
2020 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN), 2020
Graphite has a huge amount of potential and has garnished considerable amount of consideration fo... more Graphite has a huge amount of potential and has garnished considerable amount of consideration for its potential use in microwave applications depending upon its tunability properties and can modify its resistance value with the application of voltage bais. This is of great interest in the millimeter and microwave wave components and structures while designing them. It’s also cheap, plentiful, very stable over a broad range of operating conditions, scalable, durable/hard, and a good electrical conductor and heat conductor. Microstrip feeding is done to the patches via inset feeding to attain an efficient input and avoid spurious radiations. Here this paper is a proposed paper to design a patch antenna with microstrip feeding at 4.8 GHz and it also offers the option of operating at 7.8 GHz. Different patches and substrates influence the results attained and has been recorded.
In this paper a mathematical technique is developed to find the parameters of a medium in terms o... more In this paper a mathematical technique is developed to find the parameters of a medium in terms of its scattered electromagnetic fields. Optical nonlinearity plays an important role in finding the scattering parameters of a medium. Using perturbation theory and nonlinear inverse scattering techniques with first order, second order and third order optical nonlinearity we find scattered electromagnetic fields. Using error minimization techniques parameters are estimated in term of permittivity and permeability up to second order.
2019 9th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence), 2019
Nonlinear optics plays an important role in the processing storing and visualizations of data set... more Nonlinear optics plays an important role in the processing storing and visualizations of data sets. There has been a rapid growth in the capacity of communication networks in last few decades. Big data challenges lies in capturing the data, storing it and analysing these data sets. This also includes sharing, transferring, visualizating, and updating the information privacy and data source. Traditional techniques of databases management system find difficult in storing and handling big data. Photonic-based circuits in communication are able to meet these challenges. Brief over view is introduced here that how these nonlinear optical circuits based communication is being used in big data communication through channel and also nonlinear optics being used in storing large data sets. The techniques used for terabit communication are WDM (wavelength division multiplexing , optical storage arrays, probabilistic graphical models and quantum computing. These techniques are introduced in thi...
Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 1, Apr 22, 2023
Technology, Knowledge and Learning
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2022
IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies
Technology-enhanced learning solutions carry the potential for transforming teacher learning and ... more Technology-enhanced learning solutions carry the potential for transforming teacher learning and the delivery of professional development activities. This article proposes that the tools that professionals use in their practice can be considered an important mediator for professional learning. We carried out three design experiments, the results of which were used to formulate the conceptual design of a digital learning ecosystem for fostering teachers' professional learning, which is operationalized through different phases, namely competency-based planning of professional development, designing pedagogical practices, enactment of student-centered learning enriched with technology, and reflection upon own practice to plan comprehensively for competency-based professional development.
2010 16th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), 2010
Energy Efficient Routing is a crucial issue in Wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This paper propos... more Energy Efficient Routing is a crucial issue in Wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This paper proposes a novel algorithm, Parametric Protocol for Energy Efficient Cluster Head Selection (PPEECS) in WSN, which consists of two phases; Region formation phase and Cluster Head (CH) selection phase. In prior phase we divide the network into several regions depending upon node density distribution. The later phase allocates a CH per region. The CH selection depends upon relevant parameters related to energy dissipation of nodes. This routing protocol increases the overall lifetime of the network by uniform and effective energy utilization. Simulations show that PPEECS increases network lifetime by all metrics i.e. FND (First Node Dies) by 22%, HNA (Half of the Nodes Alive) by 60% and LND (Last Node Dies) by 50% when compared with an existing protocol, LEACH. Also, PPEECS has a better network lifetime when compared with multihop-LEACH; FND -74%, HNA - 53% and LND - 43 %.
Journal of Optics, Apr 20, 2023
This research proposes a mathematical model for a plasmonic sensor using kinetic theory of plasma... more This research proposes a mathematical model for a plasmonic sensor using kinetic theory of plasma with the Vlasov equation. A nanoantenna cavity of a plasmonic material is driven by an input electromagnetic wave, which changes the charge density and current flow in the cavity, resulting in a change in the Fermi distribution function of the charged particles. The results are achieved in terms of current density and conductivity by solving the Boltzmann transport equation, Maxwell’s equations, and Taylor series expansion in terms of perturbed electric fields with linear integro differential equations. The results are simulated using MATLAB. The changes in current density and conductivity are validated by experimental analysis of graphene plasmonic material using patch antenna with the dielectric substrates SiO2 and Al2O3. By varying the applied electric fields, current changes at the output of the plasmonic antenna are analyzed using signal-processing techniques. Wavelet transforms are used to find the space-scale behavior of the output signals, such as current density variation, voltage variation, and susceptibility change with sub-band coding techniques in terms of wavelet coefficients.
2016 8th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN), 2016
A dual band coaxial fed slotted microstrip patch antenna for THz application on FR4_epoxy substra... more A dual band coaxial fed slotted microstrip patch antenna for THz application on FR4_epoxy substrate using T shape patches is designed and analysed. Slots are made by symmetrically cutting a copper sheet. Implementation of this structure offers a better directivity and radiation efficiency. Full wave simulation results showed that the THz band slot antenna works at 0.6326 THz and 0.8702 THz. Maximum gain is obtained as more than 8.2 dB. This THz slot antenna can be used for the application in various fields such as fast and secure data transferrring, biomedical applications, radar and THz imaging, nanoantenna applications.
Advanced Electromagnetics, 2018
In this paper, a mathematical model is designed for THz generation from a nonlinear random medium... more In this paper, a mathematical model is designed for THz generation from a nonlinear random medium. Using nonlinear optics and Maxwell’s equations a set of nonlinear wave equations are derived to give scattered electromagnetic fields from an inhomogeneous medium. First, the analysis is done with second order nonlinearity. Its scattering parameters are calculated for THz radiation. Secondly, third order nonlinearity is described in terms of the coupling of Scalar and vector field components of nonlinear wave equations. The coupling of waves results in soliton generation. Multiple nonlinear interaction in the medium also gives wide bandwidth. Speed and high bandwidth is a demand of future networks. Hence a mathematical proof is implemented for THz antennas using SHG (Second harmonic generation) and THG (Third harmonic generation) materials. These antennas are designed and simulated using GaAs as a SHG material, and Graphene with SiO2 substrate as a THG material. GaAs is used as a subst...
2017 Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS), 2017
In this paper; we present an approach to nonlinear inverse scattering problem using wavelets and ... more In this paper; we present an approach to nonlinear inverse scattering problem using wavelets and least square estimation. Considering a slab of inhomogeneous medium an algorithm is designed to find the medium parameters in terms of scattered electromagnetic fields. The parameters are defined in terms of linear and nonlinear components of susceptibility and permeability. Algorithms are proposed for solving the parameters that characterize the inho-mogeneous medium by first determining an approximate expansion for the scattered EM fields (forward scattering) using Maxwell's equations. Posing the problem using wavelet basis functions in Method of Moment the inverse solutions and parameters are obtained in terms of the basis functions Inverse problems arise in medical data, seismic data, geophysical prospecting and many more applications. This paper demonstrates the analysis and algorithm for the estimation of parameters using inverse scattering technique.
Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing
Optical fiber communication is known as the backbone of communication today for voice, video, and... more Optical fiber communication is known as the backbone of communication today for voice, video, and data transmission. Recent advancements in optical technologies are leading us to many new forms of generation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) waves and its transmission technologies. Among them are hypergeometric waveform (HG), Bessel’s waveforms, Laguerre Gaussian waveforms, and other forms of OAMs. This mode of communication is by the twisted form of electromagnetic wave which can accommodate a larger number of channels making communication simpler for wired and wireless communication. In this paper, various methods of OAM waveform generation are presented and are compared in details discussing the various needs in communication. OAM multiplexing is done by spatial division multiplexing (SDM) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). Methods of OAM communication, generation techniques, power analysis, and bit error analysis prove efficient transmission capability of OAM waves usin...
2018 Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS-Toyama), 2018
Here in this paper we find the parameter flux of homogeneous and inhomogeneous solutions of the p... more Here in this paper we find the parameter flux of homogeneous and inhomogeneous solutions of the plasma state based on the Vlasov equation. The Vlasov equation describes the evolution of the distribution function of charged particles in six dimensional phase space (x, v, t). The stochastic dynamics in phase space of a charged particle is given by the Boltzmann equation. Here, various ion species contribute to the permittivity from different portions of a velocity distribution function of plasma. If plasma current in 4-D Fourier moment domain is J(w), for each species depending on the electric or magnetic susceptibility, then the total solution for the susceptibility of the ion species in that channel is calculated by integrating sum total of the inhomogeneous terms with charge and position moment of the particle species. The results are simulated using Matlab. The solutions can be used in biological simulations and medical imaging.
─ Wavelet based approach for solving the modes of waveguide is by solving the partial differentia... more ─ Wavelet based approach for solving the modes of waveguide is by solving the partial differential equation. Any wavelet expansion approach to solving differential equations is a projection method in which the goal is to use the fewest number of expansion coefficients to represent the solution since it leads to efficient numerical computations. Specifically, we describe a method for constructing the wavelet representation and describe a fast, adaptive algorithm for applying these operators to functions expanded in wavelet basis. Here solutions using wavelet depends on initial and boundary data. Using the wavelet approach to partial derivatives gives sparse matrices which is easier in computation.
2019 URSI Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference (AP-RASC), 2019
In this paper we propose to solve approximately using perturbation theory, Maxwell’s equations in... more In this paper we propose to solve approximately using perturbation theory, Maxwell’s equations in general relativity ie in curved space-time (that describes gravitational effects ofmatter on the electromagnetic field) taking in addition account of the fact that the medium may be nonlinear, inhomogeneous and anisotropic that is described by a electromagnetic field dependent permittivity – permeability -conductivity tensor. We also propose a method for estimating under such circumstances, ie gravitational effects & inhomogeneity anisotropicity & nonlinearity of the medium into account, the surface current density induced on an antenna when an electromagnetic field is incident upon it. The entire formalism is based on the tensor calculus and covariant differentiating fundamental to the general theory of relativity.
Soliton refers to highly stable localized solutions of certain nonlinear partial differential equ... more Soliton refers to highly stable localized solutions of certain nonlinear partial differential equations describing physical phenomenon. Soliton concept was first discovered on hydrodynamics in the 19th century and then entered into other branches in physics.An optical soliton in a short high amplitude optical pulse that does not spread as it propagates. It propagates through a nonlinear optical medium without any changes in its shape and velocity.Solitons in nonlinear optical fiber have important applications in communication, optical computing, optical switching etc.
This paper gives a brief description of the mathematical techniques used to define plasmonics. Th... more This paper gives a brief description of the mathematical techniques used to define plasmonics. The kinetic theory using Vlasov equation is one that gives the concept of plasma generation. Plasmonic antennas better suited for THz applications has added advantages in terms of bandwidth. Taking Graphene patch antenna, which is one of the plasmonic material, is designed in the THz range. This antenna gives wide bandwidth in GHz and THz range. The Graphene patch is designed and tested with Si, SiO2 and Al2O3 substrates, which gives S11 at different THz frequencies and different bandwidths.
2019 9th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence), 2019
In this paper research work is done to introduce a novel approach of wavelet transforms and feed ... more In this paper research work is done to introduce a novel approach of wavelet transforms and feed forward neural (FNN), to get an accurate size of the diseased tissues. Using light scattering concepts, a neural network based methodology is presented to find the size of microscopic particles. This paper tries to simplify the light scattering difficulty, as an improvement to the previous work done in this domain, a novel approach using feed forward neural networks (FNN) along with the wavelets transforms has been studied, to get an accurate size results. A comparable study has been done in order to show the size determination of particle using wavelet transforms and FNN. The size of the particle is determined from the intensity profile generated by the Mie theory concept for radius 5μm to 10 μm at an interval of 0.01 μm with varying the scattering angle from 00 to 250. The intensity vs. scattering angle profiles generated is used to deduce the sizing parameters. The accuracy of the met...
2020 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN), 2020
Graphite has a huge amount of potential and has garnished considerable amount of consideration fo... more Graphite has a huge amount of potential and has garnished considerable amount of consideration for its potential use in microwave applications depending upon its tunability properties and can modify its resistance value with the application of voltage bais. This is of great interest in the millimeter and microwave wave components and structures while designing them. It’s also cheap, plentiful, very stable over a broad range of operating conditions, scalable, durable/hard, and a good electrical conductor and heat conductor. Microstrip feeding is done to the patches via inset feeding to attain an efficient input and avoid spurious radiations. Here this paper is a proposed paper to design a patch antenna with microstrip feeding at 4.8 GHz and it also offers the option of operating at 7.8 GHz. Different patches and substrates influence the results attained and has been recorded.
In this paper a mathematical technique is developed to find the parameters of a medium in terms o... more In this paper a mathematical technique is developed to find the parameters of a medium in terms of its scattered electromagnetic fields. Optical nonlinearity plays an important role in finding the scattering parameters of a medium. Using perturbation theory and nonlinear inverse scattering techniques with first order, second order and third order optical nonlinearity we find scattered electromagnetic fields. Using error minimization techniques parameters are estimated in term of permittivity and permeability up to second order.