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Spring Season Publications, 2022
Spring Season Publications, 2018
Attitude and Stereotype 10 Formation of Attitude and Attitude Change 11 Prejudice and Discriminat... more Attitude and Stereotype 10 Formation of Attitude and Attitude Change 11 Prejudice and Discrimination 12 Social Conflict and its Resolution 5.1.2 Persuasion Current research on persuasion, broadly defined as change in attitudes or beliefs based on information received from others, focuses on written or spoken messages
Spring Season Publications, 2018
Chapter 05 Psychodynamic Theory 5.1 Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory Many psychologists have... more Chapter 05 Psychodynamic Theory 5.1 Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory Many psychologists have proposed theories that try to explain the origins of personality. One highly influential set of theories stems from the work of Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud, who first proposed the theory of psychoanalysis. Collectively, these theories are known as psychodynamic theories. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, Freud developed a technique, he termed psychoanalysis and used it to treat mental disorders. Freud did not develop his theory on the basis of scientific experiments, such as correlation and controlled studies. He used the case study method and formed his theory of psychoanalysis by observing his patients. According to psychoanalytic theory, everything we do is motivated by inner unconscious forces. Personalities arise because of attempts to resolve conflicts between unconscious sexual and aggressive impulses and societal demands to restrain these impulses.
Spring Season Publications, 2018
Development refers to systematic continuities and changes in the individual that occur across the... more Development refers to systematic continuities and changes in the individual that occur across the entire life span, that is, from conception to death. By describing changes as "systematic" we imply that they are orderly, patterned, and relatively enduring, so that temporary mood swings and other transitory changes in our appearances, thoughts, and behaviors are therefore excluded. We are also interested in "continuities" in development, or ways in which we remain the same or continue to reflect our past.
Spring Season Publications, 2018
Spring Season Publications, 2019
Spring Season Publications, 2019
Spring Season Publications, 2019
Spring Season Publications, 2020
Preconditioning-Pavlov noticed that presenting food (an unconditioned stimuli or US) to his dog c... more Preconditioning-Pavlov noticed that presenting food (an unconditioned stimuli or US) to his dog caused it to salivate (an unconditioned response or CR). The original stimuli and response are unconditioned because both occurred naturally without any conditioning.
Spring Season Publications, 2020
Spring Season Publications, 2020
Spring Season Publication, 2023
Spring Season Publications, 2020
1. Explain any two of the excerpts of poems given below with reference to their context: 10 X 2 =... more 1. Explain any two of the excerpts of poems given below with reference to their
context: 10 X 2 = 20
(i) Now, sire”, quod she, “When we flee fro the bemes
For Goddess love, as taak som laxative.
Up peril of my soule and o lif,
I counseille yow the beeste, I wol nat lye,
(ii) My loue is now awake out of her dreams (s),
and her fayre eyes like stars that dimmed were
With darksome cloud, now shew theyr goodly beams
More bright then Hesperus his head doth rere.
(iii) I wonder by my troth, what thou, and I
Did, till we lov’d? were we not wean’d till then?
(iv) Damn with faint praise, assent with civil leer,
And without sneering, teach the rest to sneer;
Willing to wound, and yet afraid to strike
2. Highlight the salient features of Romanticism with illustrations from the poems
prescribed for study. 20
3. Attempt a comparison between the Epithalamion and the Prothalamion as wedding
songs. 20
4. Would you agree that Milton reflects on blindness in Sonnets 19 & 23? Give a
reasoned answer. 20
5. Would you consider Sylvia Plath’s Daddy to be an expression against the voice of
patriarchy? Comment critically. 20
1. Locate Chaucer’s Prologue to the Canterbury Tales within his vast writing career, as
a social commentary of the age. 20
2. What do you understand by the term renaissance? Examine Spenser’s Prothalamion
as an example of both renaissance writing as well as a nuptial song. 20
3. Examine any one poem by Donne or Herbert or Marvel as an example of metaphysical
poetry. 20
4. Critically examine Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience as precursors
of the Romantic Age. 20
5. Who were the Pre- Raphaelites? Critically appreciate any one poem of this
age/movement and highlight the characteristics of the movement. 20
1.2 Language and Cognition 1.3 Linguistics 1.3.1 The Structure of Language 1.3.2 The Buildings Bl... more 1.2 Language and Cognition
1.3 Linguistics
1.3.1 The Structure of Language
1.3.2 The Buildings Blocks of Language
1.4 Language Acquisition
1.4.1 Stages of Language Acquisition
1.4.2 Language Acquisition and Cognitive Science
1.4.3 Language and Thought
1.5 Theories of Language Acquisition
1.5.1 Behaviouristic Theory
1.5.2 Limitations of Behaviourism Theory
1.5.3 Innateness Theory
1.5.4 Evidence to Support Innateness Theory
1.5.5 Limitations of Chomsky’s Theory
1.5.6 Cognitive Theory
1.5.7 Limitations of Cognitive Theories
1.5.8 Inputs or Integrationist Theories
1.5.9 Limitations of Inputs Theories
1.6 The Biology of Language Acquisition
1.6.1 Maturational Changes in Brain
1.6.2 Dissociations Between Language and General Intelligence
1.6.3 Neural Networks
4.2 Creativity 4.2.1 Meaning and Aspects of Creativity 4.2.2 Investment and Confluence Theory of ... more 4.2 Creativity
4.2.1 Meaning and Aspects of Creativity
4.2.2 Investment and Confluence Theory of Creativity
4.2.3 Aspects of Creativity
4.2.4 Stages of Creativity
4.2.5 Creativity and Intelligence
4.2.6 Measurement of Creativity
4.3 Problem Solving
4.3.1 Terms Related to Problem Solving
4.3.2 Typologies of Problems
4.3.3 Stages of Problem Solving
4.3.4 Strategies of Problem Solving
4.3.4.1 Algorithms
4.3.4.2 Heuristics
4.3.5 Factors Affecting Problem Solving
1.2 Cognitive Psychology: An Introduction 1.3 Research Methods in Cognitive Psychology 1.3.1 Goal... more 1.2 Cognitive Psychology: An Introduction
1.3 Research Methods in Cognitive Psychology
1.3.1 Goals of Research
1.3.2 Distinctive Research Methods
1.4 Domains of Cognitive Psychology
1.5 A Brief History of Cognitive Psychology
1.5.1 Early Thoughts of Thinking
1.5.2 Cognition in the Renaissance and Beyond
1.5.3 Cognitive Psychology in Early Twentieth Centuary
1.5.4 Cognitive Psychology — As it is Today
1.6 Key Issues in the Study of Cognitive Psychology
1.7 Key Ideas in Cognitive Psychology
1.7.1 Computer Metaphor and Human Cognition
1.7.2 Cognitive Science
1.7.3 Neuroscience and Cognitive Psychology
4.2 Hypothesis Testing 4.3 Null Hypothesis 4.4 Errors in Hypothesis Testing 4.4.1 Basic Experimen... more 4.2 Hypothesis Testing
4.3 Null Hypothesis
4.4 Errors in Hypothesis Testing
4.4.1 Basic Experimental Situations in Hypothesis Testing
4.5 Confidence Limits
4.5.1 Meaning and Concept of Level of Significance
4.5.2 Application and Interpretation of Standard Error of the Mean in Small Samples
4.5.3 The Standard Error of a Median, σ Mdn
4.6 Setting up Level of Confidence or Significance
4.6.1 Size of the Sample
4.6.2 Two-tailed and One-tailed Tests of Significance
4.6.3 One Tailed Test
4.7 Steps in Setting up the Level of Significance
4.7.1 Formulating Hypothesis and Stating Conclusions
4.7.2 Types of Errors for a Hypothesis Testing
2.0 Introduction 2.1 Objectives 2.2 Meaning of Descriptive Statistics 2.3 Organisation of Data 2.... more 2.0 Introduction
2.1 Objectives
2.2 Meaning of Descriptive Statistics
2.3 Organisation of Data
2.3.1 Classification
2.3.1.1 Frequency Distribution can be with Ungrouped Data and Grouped Data
2.3.1.2 Types of Frequency Distribution
2.3.2 Tabulation
2.3.3 Graphical Presentation of Data
2.3.3.1 Cumulative Frequency Curve or Ogive
2.3.4 Diagrammatic Presentation of Data
2.4 Summarisation of Data
2.4.1 Measures of Central Tendency
2.4.2 Measures of Dispersion
2.4.3 Skewness and Kurtosis
2.4.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Descriptive Statistics
2.5 Meaning of Inferential Statistics
2.5.1 Estimation
2.5.2 Point Estimation
2.5.3 Interval Estimation
2.6 Hypothesis Testing
2.6.1 Statement of Hypothesis
2.6.2 Level of Significance
2.6.3 One Tail and Two Tail Test
2.7 Errors in Hypothesis Testing
2.7.1 Type I Error
2.7.2 Type II Error
2.7.3 Power of a Test
2.8 General Procedure for Testing A Hypothesis
3.2 Definition and Concepts 3.2.1 Hypothesis Testing 3.2.2 The Core Logic of Hypothesis Testing 3... more 3.2 Definition and Concepts
3.2.1 Hypothesis Testing
3.2.2 The Core Logic of Hypothesis Testing
3.2.3 The Hypothesis – Testing Process
3.2.4 Implications of Rejecting or Failing to Reject the Null Hypothesis
3.2.5 One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Hypothesis Tests
3.2.6 Decision Errors
3.3 Type I Error
3.4 Type II Error
3.5 Relationship between Type I and Type II Errors
2.5 Meaning of Inferential Statistics 2.5.1 Estimation 2.5.2 Point Estimation 2.5.3 Interval Esti... more 2.5 Meaning of Inferential Statistics
2.5.1 Estimation
2.5.2 Point Estimation
2.5.3 Interval Estimation
2.6 Hypothesis Testing
2.6.1 Statement of Hypothesis
2.6.2 Level of Significance
2.6.3 One Tail and Two Tail Test
2.7 Errors in Hypothesis Testing
2.7.1 Type I Error
2.7.2 Type II Error
2.7.3 Power of a Test
2.8 General Procedure for Testing A Hypothesis
MA (Psychology) IGNOU MPC-006 Statistics in Psychology Block 1 - Introduction to Statistics Def... more MA (Psychology) IGNOU MPC-006 Statistics in Psychology
Block 1 - Introduction to Statistics
Definition of Parametric and Non-parametric Statistics
Assumptions of Parametric and Non-parametric Statistics
Assumptions of Parametric Statistics
Assumptions of Non-parametric Statistics
Advantages of Non-parametric Statistics
Disadvantages of Non-parametric Statistical Tests
Parametric Statistical Tests for Different Samples
Parametric Statistical Measures for Calculating the Difference Between Means
Significance of Difference Between the Means of Two Independent Large and
Small Samples
Significance of the Difference Between the Means of Two Dependent Samples
Significance of the Difference Between the Means of Three or More Samples
Parametric Statistics Measures Related to Pearson’s ‘r’
Non-parametric Tests Used for Inference
Parental care is an essential part of human nature. Parents have the most important role for ensu... more Parental care is an essential part of human nature. Parents have the most important role for ensuring the safety and wellbeing of their children. Children of all ages are at risk of injury from wearing defective clothing. Product safety refers to the reduction in the probability that use of a product will result in injury, death or negative consequences to the people who are going to use it. Customer satisfaction and brand loyalty is an evolving trend that is considered an essential concern for which the business firms are very sensitive. Study has been conducted to know whether Indian parents will be loyal to the brands who will provide safe garments for the kids. In this study, the data has been collected with the help of structured questionnaire from 1235 parents from Bengaluru, India. The respondents were selected through stratified random sampling. This study proved that kidswear safety and customer loyalty have strong effect. Irrespective of gender, education, profession and f...
While purchasing outfits for children, it is very important to check whether they are manufacture... more While purchasing outfits for children, it is very important to check whether they are manufactured according to the safety regulations. In some cases, the clothing that is worn by children have accounted to severe injuries and in some cases, it even caused death.To prevent these types of clothes related injuries, many safety rules are there internationally and the same is followed by few countries. Whether in a retail shop or online, retailers are the initial point of call for customer. This is why normally customer associate a product with the retailer they purchased it from rather than with who made it. Customer have a right to expect that the garment they are purchasing should be safe and of high quality.Increasing the knowledge level of customers with respect to safety principles is one of the method of reducing the number of customer product related injuries. In this study, 110 retailers were selected through stratified random sampling. The data has been collected from the Beng...
Product safety refers to the production, distribution, and sale of products that from various per... more Product safety refers to the production, distribution, and sale of products that from various perspectives are either potentially unsafe or inherently unsafe to consumer use. In order to make sure that the product which consumer is buying is safe, there should be some safety standards. These standards are normally designed to ensure the safety of products, activities or processes etc. The Indian kidswear market is going to see the tremendous growth. It is important to note that no regulations for kidswear safety are in place in India whereas in developed nation there is legislative control on Kidswear merchandise. The main aim of this study is to find out the necessity of safety regulations for Indian market from the retailers’ point of view. For the study, 110 retailers were selected through stratified random sampling from Bengaluru, India and information was collected with the help of structured and well-designed questionnaire. The study concludes that, as per Indian retailers all...