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Papers by krishna pathak
World Medical & Health Policy
The government of Nepal introduced a national health insurance program in 2016 to comply with the... more The government of Nepal introduced a national health insurance program in 2016 to comply with the constitution and international commitments to ensure universal health coverage by 2030. This qualitative study explores public perceptions and satisfaction concerning the new health insurance program. The study is guided by an interpretive worldview using both in‐depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). Altogether, 34 (28 IDIs and 6 FGDs) events were conducted covering both self‐ and government‐sponsored health insurance enrollees in the new health insurance program. The study found that insurees had larger expectations as well as both favorable and negative perceptions of the program. Positive perceptions included that the program helped to lower the gap between the wealthy and the poor, increase coverage with fewer financial contributions, and make it easier to receive health services financially. Negative perceptions included long waiting times for registration, co...
International Research Journal of MMC
There are five common philosophical paradigms used in the research and they are: Positivism, Post... more There are five common philosophical paradigms used in the research and they are: Positivism, Post- Positivism, Interpretivism, Criticalism and Post modernism. Each paradigm has different research methods and analyses. The aim of this paper is to reveal the philosophical underpinning of Positivism, Post- Positivism, Interpretivism, Criticalism and Post modernism paradigms in health education research. In this review, each paradigm has been explained properly with reference to health education research based on the literature reviews available in peer-reviewed academic articles and books. This paper helps researcher especially health education researcher to identify paradigm and their implication in health education. Positivism is a science-based empirical method which yields singular reality used in scientific research. Post-positivism deal with multiple reality which asserts that every theory is revisable and that is used in social science especially in quantitative research. Interp...
Journal of Health and Allied Sciences
COVID-19 has created huge challenges for health systems worldwide for health career sources and h... more COVID-19 has created huge challenges for health systems worldwide for health career sources and health care providers in health institutions. An immense range of digital health technologies can be considerable health strategies in recent years. We searched electronically published relevant articles in English language using these “COVID-19”, “coronavirus”, “technologies”, “severe acute respiratory syndrome”, “dementia”, “digital-health”, and “older adult care”. It helps to collect the digital information, collect data, transfer, store, frontline protection, to reduce the risk of rapid contamination, analysis and proper monitor information system, holistic control, manage, care and prevention, decrease the patients overload to the health care professionals’ in the institutions, prevent from contamination for health care providers, general peoples and patients. Still, lacking in many countries as alternative ways to adapt for digital health technologies in health care practices. Thus,...
Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research, 2017
In the dementia, the most common form “Alzheimer’s disease” was found at the age of 50s of a pati... more In the dementia, the most common form “Alzheimer’s disease” was found at the age of 50s of a patient’s (in 1906, Auguste D) case study by a German Psychiatrists Alois Alzheimer, in Germany. It means, this is the landmark of early onset (EOD<65 years) evidence-1-2% early onset Alzheimer’s disease (Zhu et al., 2015), the dementias are not a part of normal aging or late onset only. However, no one considers the early onset disease can appear with the younger age (YOD<65years). The well-known single common forms of dementia is AD (Sampson, Warren, and Rossor, 2004)majority people will have the common progress in roughly the same way as it does in elderly people (John Hopkins Medicine, 2015) and others like; vascular dementia, Korsakoff’s syndrome, Lew-body-20% (Sampson, Warren and Rossor, 2004), alcohol related dementia, Parkin’s disease, Huntingons disease, HIV-AIDS, people with down-syndrome and some learning disabilities, and multiple sclerosis may develop as early onset of the...
Frontiers in Public Health, 2021
Background A new coronavirus causes COVID-19, a developing respiratory illness. Unfortunately, th... more Background A new coronavirus causes COVID-19, a developing respiratory illness. Unfortunately, there is little information assessing healthcare workers' understanding of technology and preventative strategies during the Nepalese epidemic. Researchers from other subspecialties uncovered some mythical thoughts. As a result, we decided to put it to the test with healthcare personnel on the front lines. The research also looked at the problems experienced by frontline health care personnel (HCP) because of the COVID-19 strategic shift in work policy. Methods Nepalese healthcare workers participated in web-based cross-sectional research. A pre-tested, structured questionnaire utilizing a Google form was used to get self-informed, digitally typed consent, and examine critical perspectives and problems with current technology and COVID-19 prevention efforts. Results In total, 243 participants with mean age of 29.66 ± 7.61 years agreed to participate and were doctors (n = 27), health as...
Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2016
Journal of Health and Allied Sciences, 2020
COVID-19 is spreading all over the world. Latest data shows cases of COVID-19 are increasing rapi... more COVID-19 is spreading all over the world. Latest data shows cases of COVID-19 are increasing rapidly in developing countries. South Asia is also one of such regions where the cases are increasing rapidly. South Asia is less prepared to fight with COVID-19 pandemic due to poverty, poor health care facilities and lowest number of physicians per capita
(less than 1). The COVID-19 death rates are interestingly low in South Asia when compared with other regions. But, as the numbers of cases are increasing rapidly and governments are not able to increase the health care facilities and health workers accordingly, this region is also one of the vulnerable region if the severe cases of COVID-19 increases. So, each country should focus to strengthen their health care system and proper mental health counseling to people to avoid the potential crisis that lies ahead.
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system with progressiv... more Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system with progressive cognitive, psychological, functional and behavioral decline. Agitation, depression [1] and language deficit [2] are common [3,4] among elderly with AD and depression is considered as comorbidity [5]. Depressive symptoms in elderly or patients with AD appear at 7%-42% [6]. Dementia in combination with depression is strongly associated with an increase of cognitive dysfunction [7]. A case study in 2002 [8] found that 20% of the persons who suffered from dysphoria also suffered from irritability and many kinds of depression. Depression is one of the most common psychiatric illnesses with high rates in the general population. Furthermore, due to its long-term nature, the illness requires psychopharmacological treatment over long periods of time. However, patients with depression can be prescribed with higher doses of citalopram. As a result, treatments need to be reliable and efficacious, ...
Saptagandaki Journal, 2020
The aim of this review was to synthesize the aggregated studies aimed at improving health care kn... more The aim of this review was to synthesize the aggregated studies aimed at improving health care knowledge, detection practices and management of dementia among healthcare professionals (HPs). Healthcare professionals play a key role in the detection and management of dementia. However, there is a gap in the literature as to what represents best practice with regard to educating HPs in this area. We searched citation index Google scholar, Scopus and Pub Med, Medline, were searched for relevant articles from 2000-2019 without data limit. Inclusion criteria were (1) intervention studies aimed at improving HPs practices concerning dementia care (2) the educational intervention focused on knowledge, detection practice and management of dementia, and (3) peer-reviewed and written in English. Of 4968 articles identified, only 13 articles (six GPs, two clinical/organization care based, one nurse, one physician and affiliated staff and one with physician, manager and therapists based studies)...
Acta Scientific Medical Sciences, 2019
Journal of Health and Allied Sciences, 2020
COVID-19 is spreading all over the world. Latest data shows cases of COVID-19 are increasing rapi... more COVID-19 is spreading all over the world. Latest data shows cases of COVID-19 are increasing rapidly in developing countries. South Asia is also one of such regions where the cases are increasing rapidly. South Asia is less prepared to fight with COVID-19 pandemic due to poverty, poor health care facilities and lowest number of physicians per capita (less than 1). The COVID- death rates are interestingly low in South Asia when compared with other regions. But, as the numbers of cases are increasing rapidly and governments are not able to increase the health care facilities and health workers accordingly, this region is also one of the vulnerable region if the severe cases of COVID-19 increases. So, each country should focus to strengthen their health care system and proper mental health counseling to people to avoid the potential crisis that lies ahead.
KMC Research Journal, Jun 13, 2019
Nurses fell barriers in management and care of dementia patients. A purposive random sampling app... more Nurses fell barriers in management and care of dementia patients. A purposive random sampling approach identified 44 Registered Nurses (RN). The Knowledge of RNs' with regard to the diagnosis, management and care of dementia was unsatisfactory on the aspects of practices and management barriers are presented with regard to the following issues: negative views of dementia, difficulty in diagnosing early stage dementia, acceptability of specialists and responsibility for extra issues, knowledge of dementias and ageing, less awareness of declining abilities and diminished resources to handle care, guidelines, awareness of epidemiology and advice giving, and communicating the diagnosis.The following paper outlines the problems and solutions that Nepalese nurses' in the community need to adopt in order to deal effectively with its diagnosis, care and management.
This thesis explores the knowledge, practices and obstacles to appropriately diagnose and manage ... more This thesis explores the knowledge, practices and obstacles to appropriately diagnose and manage dementia in Nepal. Dementia is a progressive deterioration of a largely irreversible clinical syndrome in cognitive functionthe ability to process thought. It is significant global burden due to under detection, diagnostic misconceptions, the ambigious nature of its symptoms and sub-optimal management in primary care. Dementia is difficult to pre-diagnose in the early stages for health professionals (HPs) and thus a substantial percentage of patients with cognitive signs and symptoms are missed. However, HPs have a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of dementia, to evaluate the severity of the problem, in providing quality primary care in terms of the identification, assessment, provision of information, referral and ongoing management. There is a gap in the literature as to what represents best practice with regard to educating HPs improving dementia detection practices and ma...
Background: Cancer is a disease which affects the elderly, just like Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) whi... more Background: Cancer is a disease which affects the elderly, just like Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) which is also a common disease affecting older people. Most of the symptoms are related with both these diseases, therefore there may be therapeutic link between anticancer drugs and AD. Little is known (by the way of support of animal model studies) whether anticancer drugs may help to reduce cognitive impairment, reduce Aβ protein, decrease amyloid plaques and promote neuroprotection. There is not sufficient evidence cognitive dysfunction impacts quality of life and compliance for treatment, so assessing the elderly cancer affected population is a challenge in clinical practice for distinguishing between AD symptoms and cancer and its proper treatment. Objective: To synthesize the studies aimed at therapeutic links between Alzheimer’s disease and anticancer drugs. Design: To identify potential new treatment possibilities we applied the systematic searches of key electronic databases, supp...
Malnutrition is one of the most important public health problems of developing countries where re... more Malnutrition is one of the most important public health problems of developing countries where resources are very limited. The common cause of malnutrition is lack of access to the nutritious food, poor breastfeeding practices, offering the wrong foods, and not ensuring that the child gets enough nutritious food. The prevailing high rate of child under-nutrition in the country is one of the major contributing factors of under-five mortality. We aimed to find out nutritional status of children under five years in Magar community group who are financially poor. This was applied cross-sectional study in 115 children (under 5 years) of Magar ethnic group of Nisdi Rural Municipality, Palpa to assess situation of the nutrition . Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 version for the anlysis the results. This study revealed that 96.5% children were fed with colostrum and 60.2% of the children out of 108 children aged 6-59 months were exclusively breastfed for 6 months. Likewise...
Meat and Nutrition
Global aging population worldwide increasing. As growing age, the aging related issues like demen... more Global aging population worldwide increasing. As growing age, the aging related issues like dementia came to be seen not as an inevitable condition at the old age phase, but as a condition that results from the competition between multiple risk factors and protective factors acquired throughout life. There is currently no cure for dementia. Thus, strategies to prevent or delay onset of dementia by changes in lifestyle factors, such as diet, are important as non-pharmacological therapy. A healthy nutrition contributes in delaying the cognitive decline for the elderly people and dementia patients. Cognitive decline is a normal part of the aging process and it is a main clinical identification in between elderly and dementia. The group of B Vitamins (B1, B2, B6, B12) are significantly associated with healthy neuropsychological function. The lack of B12 can show impairment of cognition and neurologic deficit and impacts on educational achievement. The cognitive impairment is a main clin...
Research, Society and Development
COVID-19 has created enormous challenges for health systems around the world. An immense range of... more COVID-19 has created enormous challenges for health systems around the world. An immense range of digital health technologies has been considered as strategies. The aim of this article is to describe the implementation of digital technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic in prevention, diagnosis and treatment globally. Relevant articles published electronically in English using the following terms "COVID-19", "2019-nCov", "coronavirus", terminologies, "severe acute respiratory syndrome 2", SARS-CoV-2", "access to digital health, telemedicine and e-health, challenges and opportunities, in different data sources were researched. A total of 455 articles were found, and 46 published articles about prevention, treatment, and diagnosis approaches were selected. Digital technologies were useful in holistic control, care management and prevention, digital information, data collection, transfer and storage, frontline protection, risk reductio...
World Medical & Health Policy
The government of Nepal introduced a national health insurance program in 2016 to comply with the... more The government of Nepal introduced a national health insurance program in 2016 to comply with the constitution and international commitments to ensure universal health coverage by 2030. This qualitative study explores public perceptions and satisfaction concerning the new health insurance program. The study is guided by an interpretive worldview using both in‐depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). Altogether, 34 (28 IDIs and 6 FGDs) events were conducted covering both self‐ and government‐sponsored health insurance enrollees in the new health insurance program. The study found that insurees had larger expectations as well as both favorable and negative perceptions of the program. Positive perceptions included that the program helped to lower the gap between the wealthy and the poor, increase coverage with fewer financial contributions, and make it easier to receive health services financially. Negative perceptions included long waiting times for registration, co...
International Research Journal of MMC
There are five common philosophical paradigms used in the research and they are: Positivism, Post... more There are five common philosophical paradigms used in the research and they are: Positivism, Post- Positivism, Interpretivism, Criticalism and Post modernism. Each paradigm has different research methods and analyses. The aim of this paper is to reveal the philosophical underpinning of Positivism, Post- Positivism, Interpretivism, Criticalism and Post modernism paradigms in health education research. In this review, each paradigm has been explained properly with reference to health education research based on the literature reviews available in peer-reviewed academic articles and books. This paper helps researcher especially health education researcher to identify paradigm and their implication in health education. Positivism is a science-based empirical method which yields singular reality used in scientific research. Post-positivism deal with multiple reality which asserts that every theory is revisable and that is used in social science especially in quantitative research. Interp...
Journal of Health and Allied Sciences
COVID-19 has created huge challenges for health systems worldwide for health career sources and h... more COVID-19 has created huge challenges for health systems worldwide for health career sources and health care providers in health institutions. An immense range of digital health technologies can be considerable health strategies in recent years. We searched electronically published relevant articles in English language using these “COVID-19”, “coronavirus”, “technologies”, “severe acute respiratory syndrome”, “dementia”, “digital-health”, and “older adult care”. It helps to collect the digital information, collect data, transfer, store, frontline protection, to reduce the risk of rapid contamination, analysis and proper monitor information system, holistic control, manage, care and prevention, decrease the patients overload to the health care professionals’ in the institutions, prevent from contamination for health care providers, general peoples and patients. Still, lacking in many countries as alternative ways to adapt for digital health technologies in health care practices. Thus,...
Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research, 2017
In the dementia, the most common form “Alzheimer’s disease” was found at the age of 50s of a pati... more In the dementia, the most common form “Alzheimer’s disease” was found at the age of 50s of a patient’s (in 1906, Auguste D) case study by a German Psychiatrists Alois Alzheimer, in Germany. It means, this is the landmark of early onset (EOD<65 years) evidence-1-2% early onset Alzheimer’s disease (Zhu et al., 2015), the dementias are not a part of normal aging or late onset only. However, no one considers the early onset disease can appear with the younger age (YOD<65years). The well-known single common forms of dementia is AD (Sampson, Warren, and Rossor, 2004)majority people will have the common progress in roughly the same way as it does in elderly people (John Hopkins Medicine, 2015) and others like; vascular dementia, Korsakoff’s syndrome, Lew-body-20% (Sampson, Warren and Rossor, 2004), alcohol related dementia, Parkin’s disease, Huntingons disease, HIV-AIDS, people with down-syndrome and some learning disabilities, and multiple sclerosis may develop as early onset of the...
Frontiers in Public Health, 2021
Background A new coronavirus causes COVID-19, a developing respiratory illness. Unfortunately, th... more Background A new coronavirus causes COVID-19, a developing respiratory illness. Unfortunately, there is little information assessing healthcare workers' understanding of technology and preventative strategies during the Nepalese epidemic. Researchers from other subspecialties uncovered some mythical thoughts. As a result, we decided to put it to the test with healthcare personnel on the front lines. The research also looked at the problems experienced by frontline health care personnel (HCP) because of the COVID-19 strategic shift in work policy. Methods Nepalese healthcare workers participated in web-based cross-sectional research. A pre-tested, structured questionnaire utilizing a Google form was used to get self-informed, digitally typed consent, and examine critical perspectives and problems with current technology and COVID-19 prevention efforts. Results In total, 243 participants with mean age of 29.66 ± 7.61 years agreed to participate and were doctors (n = 27), health as...
Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2016
Journal of Health and Allied Sciences, 2020
COVID-19 is spreading all over the world. Latest data shows cases of COVID-19 are increasing rapi... more COVID-19 is spreading all over the world. Latest data shows cases of COVID-19 are increasing rapidly in developing countries. South Asia is also one of such regions where the cases are increasing rapidly. South Asia is less prepared to fight with COVID-19 pandemic due to poverty, poor health care facilities and lowest number of physicians per capita
(less than 1). The COVID-19 death rates are interestingly low in South Asia when compared with other regions. But, as the numbers of cases are increasing rapidly and governments are not able to increase the health care facilities and health workers accordingly, this region is also one of the vulnerable region if the severe cases of COVID-19 increases. So, each country should focus to strengthen their health care system and proper mental health counseling to people to avoid the potential crisis that lies ahead.
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system with progressiv... more Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system with progressive cognitive, psychological, functional and behavioral decline. Agitation, depression [1] and language deficit [2] are common [3,4] among elderly with AD and depression is considered as comorbidity [5]. Depressive symptoms in elderly or patients with AD appear at 7%-42% [6]. Dementia in combination with depression is strongly associated with an increase of cognitive dysfunction [7]. A case study in 2002 [8] found that 20% of the persons who suffered from dysphoria also suffered from irritability and many kinds of depression. Depression is one of the most common psychiatric illnesses with high rates in the general population. Furthermore, due to its long-term nature, the illness requires psychopharmacological treatment over long periods of time. However, patients with depression can be prescribed with higher doses of citalopram. As a result, treatments need to be reliable and efficacious, ...
Saptagandaki Journal, 2020
The aim of this review was to synthesize the aggregated studies aimed at improving health care kn... more The aim of this review was to synthesize the aggregated studies aimed at improving health care knowledge, detection practices and management of dementia among healthcare professionals (HPs). Healthcare professionals play a key role in the detection and management of dementia. However, there is a gap in the literature as to what represents best practice with regard to educating HPs in this area. We searched citation index Google scholar, Scopus and Pub Med, Medline, were searched for relevant articles from 2000-2019 without data limit. Inclusion criteria were (1) intervention studies aimed at improving HPs practices concerning dementia care (2) the educational intervention focused on knowledge, detection practice and management of dementia, and (3) peer-reviewed and written in English. Of 4968 articles identified, only 13 articles (six GPs, two clinical/organization care based, one nurse, one physician and affiliated staff and one with physician, manager and therapists based studies)...
Acta Scientific Medical Sciences, 2019
Journal of Health and Allied Sciences, 2020
COVID-19 is spreading all over the world. Latest data shows cases of COVID-19 are increasing rapi... more COVID-19 is spreading all over the world. Latest data shows cases of COVID-19 are increasing rapidly in developing countries. South Asia is also one of such regions where the cases are increasing rapidly. South Asia is less prepared to fight with COVID-19 pandemic due to poverty, poor health care facilities and lowest number of physicians per capita (less than 1). The COVID- death rates are interestingly low in South Asia when compared with other regions. But, as the numbers of cases are increasing rapidly and governments are not able to increase the health care facilities and health workers accordingly, this region is also one of the vulnerable region if the severe cases of COVID-19 increases. So, each country should focus to strengthen their health care system and proper mental health counseling to people to avoid the potential crisis that lies ahead.
KMC Research Journal, Jun 13, 2019
Nurses fell barriers in management and care of dementia patients. A purposive random sampling app... more Nurses fell barriers in management and care of dementia patients. A purposive random sampling approach identified 44 Registered Nurses (RN). The Knowledge of RNs' with regard to the diagnosis, management and care of dementia was unsatisfactory on the aspects of practices and management barriers are presented with regard to the following issues: negative views of dementia, difficulty in diagnosing early stage dementia, acceptability of specialists and responsibility for extra issues, knowledge of dementias and ageing, less awareness of declining abilities and diminished resources to handle care, guidelines, awareness of epidemiology and advice giving, and communicating the diagnosis.The following paper outlines the problems and solutions that Nepalese nurses' in the community need to adopt in order to deal effectively with its diagnosis, care and management.
This thesis explores the knowledge, practices and obstacles to appropriately diagnose and manage ... more This thesis explores the knowledge, practices and obstacles to appropriately diagnose and manage dementia in Nepal. Dementia is a progressive deterioration of a largely irreversible clinical syndrome in cognitive functionthe ability to process thought. It is significant global burden due to under detection, diagnostic misconceptions, the ambigious nature of its symptoms and sub-optimal management in primary care. Dementia is difficult to pre-diagnose in the early stages for health professionals (HPs) and thus a substantial percentage of patients with cognitive signs and symptoms are missed. However, HPs have a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of dementia, to evaluate the severity of the problem, in providing quality primary care in terms of the identification, assessment, provision of information, referral and ongoing management. There is a gap in the literature as to what represents best practice with regard to educating HPs improving dementia detection practices and ma...
Background: Cancer is a disease which affects the elderly, just like Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) whi... more Background: Cancer is a disease which affects the elderly, just like Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) which is also a common disease affecting older people. Most of the symptoms are related with both these diseases, therefore there may be therapeutic link between anticancer drugs and AD. Little is known (by the way of support of animal model studies) whether anticancer drugs may help to reduce cognitive impairment, reduce Aβ protein, decrease amyloid plaques and promote neuroprotection. There is not sufficient evidence cognitive dysfunction impacts quality of life and compliance for treatment, so assessing the elderly cancer affected population is a challenge in clinical practice for distinguishing between AD symptoms and cancer and its proper treatment. Objective: To synthesize the studies aimed at therapeutic links between Alzheimer’s disease and anticancer drugs. Design: To identify potential new treatment possibilities we applied the systematic searches of key electronic databases, supp...
Malnutrition is one of the most important public health problems of developing countries where re... more Malnutrition is one of the most important public health problems of developing countries where resources are very limited. The common cause of malnutrition is lack of access to the nutritious food, poor breastfeeding practices, offering the wrong foods, and not ensuring that the child gets enough nutritious food. The prevailing high rate of child under-nutrition in the country is one of the major contributing factors of under-five mortality. We aimed to find out nutritional status of children under five years in Magar community group who are financially poor. This was applied cross-sectional study in 115 children (under 5 years) of Magar ethnic group of Nisdi Rural Municipality, Palpa to assess situation of the nutrition . Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 version for the anlysis the results. This study revealed that 96.5% children were fed with colostrum and 60.2% of the children out of 108 children aged 6-59 months were exclusively breastfed for 6 months. Likewise...
Meat and Nutrition
Global aging population worldwide increasing. As growing age, the aging related issues like demen... more Global aging population worldwide increasing. As growing age, the aging related issues like dementia came to be seen not as an inevitable condition at the old age phase, but as a condition that results from the competition between multiple risk factors and protective factors acquired throughout life. There is currently no cure for dementia. Thus, strategies to prevent or delay onset of dementia by changes in lifestyle factors, such as diet, are important as non-pharmacological therapy. A healthy nutrition contributes in delaying the cognitive decline for the elderly people and dementia patients. Cognitive decline is a normal part of the aging process and it is a main clinical identification in between elderly and dementia. The group of B Vitamins (B1, B2, B6, B12) are significantly associated with healthy neuropsychological function. The lack of B12 can show impairment of cognition and neurologic deficit and impacts on educational achievement. The cognitive impairment is a main clin...
Research, Society and Development
COVID-19 has created enormous challenges for health systems around the world. An immense range of... more COVID-19 has created enormous challenges for health systems around the world. An immense range of digital health technologies has been considered as strategies. The aim of this article is to describe the implementation of digital technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic in prevention, diagnosis and treatment globally. Relevant articles published electronically in English using the following terms "COVID-19", "2019-nCov", "coronavirus", terminologies, "severe acute respiratory syndrome 2", SARS-CoV-2", "access to digital health, telemedicine and e-health, challenges and opportunities, in different data sources were researched. A total of 455 articles were found, and 46 published articles about prevention, treatment, and diagnosis approaches were selected. Digital technologies were useful in holistic control, care management and prevention, digital information, data collection, transfer and storage, frontline protection, risk reductio...