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Indian Journal of Dermatology, Dec 30, 2022

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2022

Introduction: Myxoid sarcomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of tumours exhibiting overlappin... more Introduction: Myxoid sarcomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of tumours exhibiting overlapping histomorphological features with varied biological behaviour. Hence, additional ancillary techniques like Immunohistochemistry (IHC) are necessary for definite diagnosis and categorisation of the myxoid sarcomas. Aim: To identify the distribution of myxoid sarcomas among patients and also to evaluate the utility of basic IHC in the diagnosis of myxoid sarcomas. Materials and Methods: This was six years retrospective observational cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Pathology, Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, during the period of January 2008 - December 2013. Relevant pathological data of all the myxoid sarcomas reported during the study period were retrieved from the medical records. Corresponding Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained slides were reviewed and IHC was done using a panel of markers for confirmation. Results: Among the 57 myxoid sarcomas, 46% occurred in the age group of 41-60 years with a striking male preponderance (74%). Myxofibrosarcoma was the most common histological type (33.33%). All cases of myxofibrosarcoma were positive for vimentin while two cases showed focal Smooth Muscle Actin (SMA) positivity and one case showed focal CD34 positivity. Low grade fibromyxoid sarcomas were positive for only vimentin. Myxoid liposarcomas and extra-skeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas showed vimentin and S100 positivity. Myxoid Dermato Fibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) was positive for vimentin and CD34 while synovial sarcoma with myxoid change was positive for vimentin and Pancytokeratin (Pan CK). Myxoid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour (MPNST) showed 100% vimentin and S100 positivity while CD34 was positive in 12.5% of cases. Leiomyosarcoma with myxoid change was positive for vimentin, SMA, desmin and Pan CK. Conclusion: IHC is a valuable adjunct to light microscopy for the diagnosis of myxoid sarcomas.

Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice

Cureus

Introduction Heart failure (HF) is a progressive clinical syndrome resulting from various cardiac... more Introduction Heart failure (HF) is a progressive clinical syndrome resulting from various cardiac disorders. Galectin-3 promotes adverse cardiac remodeling leading to chronic heart failure (CHF). Aim To estimate the levels of galectin-3 in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients and controls and to determine the association between galectin-3 levels with age, gender, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Materials and methods The levels of plasma galectin-3 were estimated in CHF patients from January 2013 to October 2013 at Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The study was a case-control study. A total of 55 CHF patients were recruited as cases, and 55 controls were enrolled for the study. Participants' profiles were documented, and 5 mL of blood sample was collected. Galectin-3 levels in plasma were estimated by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 version. Mean, SD, and percentages were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups. The student's t-test was used to compare galectin-3 levels between CHF patients and the controls. ANOVA was employed to compare galectin-3 levels in the different age groups, gender, and LVEF. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted for plasma galectin-3 in CHF. Results In the present study, the mean age of CHF patients was 55.9±8.1 years and 54.1±9.4 years for controls. Males constituted 63.6% (n=35) and females were 36.4% (n=20) in the CHF group while 67.3% (n=37) were males and 32.7% (n=18) were females in the control group. The mean and SD for plasma galectin-3 was 9.95±2.8 ng/mL among CHF patients, while it was 4.08±1.3 ng/mL among controls (p<0.0001). As the age increased, levels of plasma galectin-3 increased in CHF patients and controls (p<0.00001). However, there was no statistical significance (p >0.05) for levels of galectin-3 among males and females in both groups. There was a highly significant difference in galectin-3 levels among cases and controls when classified into subgroups based on their LVEF (p<0.0001). At the cutoff level of 8 ng/mL, plasma galectin-3 had a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 71% in predicting CHF. Conclusion Galectin-3 helps in identifying CHF due to maladaptive remodeling of the heart. The present study concludes that estimating the plasma levels of galectin-3 is useful in diagnosing CHF.

NATIONAL JOURNAL OF LABORATORY MEDICINE

Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a rapid, minimally invasive and cost-effe... more Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a rapid, minimally invasive and cost-effective procedure with a high sensitivity rate of 92-95% and high Positive Predictive Value (PPV) approaching 100% for the diagnosis of breast malignancies. International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama system for reporting breast FNACs had been established in 2016 to bring consistency and uniformity of breast cytology reporting. Aim: To classify the breast lesions according to the IAC Yokohama system for cytological reporting of breast lesions. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective six years study carried out in the Department of Pathology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences, Chinnakolambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India. All females breast FNAC cases reported during the year January 2015 to December 2020 were included in the study according to the inclusion criteria. Relevant clinical and pathological data including the FNAC reports were retrieved from the medical records...

Cureus

Sigamani et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Common... more Sigamani et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH

Paediatric head and neck masses pose diagnostic challenge to the clinicians owing to the wide spe... more Paediatric head and neck masses pose diagnostic challenge to the clinicians owing to the wide spectrum of lesions including congenital (developmental), inflammatory and neoplastic lesions. In this case series, uncommon paediatric head and neck mass lesions that were diagnosed in a tertiary care hospital over a period of three years from January 2017 to December 2019, had been included, emphasizing on the diagnostic challenges encountered. First case was of Cervical Chondrocutaneous Branchial Remnant (CCBR) that was misdiagnosed as branchial cyst clinically. Second case was a lymphoepithelial cyst that masqueraded as an acute suppurative lymphadenitis in Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) due to florid inflammation. Third case was an aggressive poorly differentiated malignant neoplasm of left nasal cavity namely Nuclear protein in Testis (NUT) carcinoma that had to be differentiated from several other small round blue cell tumors. Fourth was a case of lipoblastoma which could be ...

Sarcomas are very uncommon in the male genital tract. The biological behaviour and clinical manag... more Sarcomas are very uncommon in the male genital tract. The biological behaviour and clinical management of these neoplasms vary considerably between the various organs that constitute the male genital tract. Hence it is important to diagnose them accurately. A retrospective six years (2007 to 2012) clinico-pathologic analysis of sarco-mas of the male genital tract from the medical records of the Department of Pathology in a tertiary care hospital was carried out and the results are presented here with a review of literature.

The Medical Journal of Okmeydani Training and Research Hospitaş, 2015

Masif over ödemi ender görülen benign over genişlemesidir. Genç yaş grubunu tutar, olguların yaş ... more Masif over ödemi ender görülen benign over genişlemesidir. Genç yaş grubunu tutar, olguların yaş ortalaması 21 (6-37 yaş)'dir. En yaygın klinik yakınma karın ağrısıdır. Klinik olarak malignite ile karışabilir. İntraoperatif olarak kama biyopsi yapılırsa hastanın overini korumak mümkün olmaktadır. Ancak bu olguların çoğunda ooferektomi yapılmaktadır. Biz de burada frozen inceleme ile benign tanısı verdiğimiz 26 yaşında ooferektomi yapılan hastamızı literatür eşliğinde sunuyoruz.

University Journal of Pre and Paraclinical Sciences, 2016

Sarcomas are very uncommon in the male genital tract. The biological behaviour and clinical manag... more Sarcomas are very uncommon in the male genital tract. The biological behaviour and clinical management of these neoplasms vary considerably between the various organs that constitute the male genital tract. Hence it is important to diagnose them accurately. A retrospective six years (2007 to 2012) clinico-pathologic analysis of sarcomas of the male genital tract from the medical records of the Department of Pathology in a tertiary care hospital was carried out and the results are presented here with a review of literature.

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences

BACKGROUND Skin adnexal tumours are relatively uncommon tumours. They include a heterogeneous gro... more BACKGROUND Skin adnexal tumours are relatively uncommon tumours. They include a heterogeneous group of neoplasms showing morphological differentiation towards pilosebaceous unit, eccrine or apocrine structures. 1 AIM The aim of this study is to analyse the clinico-pathological features of various skin adnexal tumours from the medical records of the Department of Pathology in a tertiary care hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective 3 years clinico-pathological study of all skin adnexal tumours observed at our Institution from 2013 to 2015 was carried out. The clinical parameters and histopathological features of various histological types of skin adnexal tumours encountered were documented with review of literature. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytological (FNAC) details for certain available cases were also incorporated in the study. RESULTS Total number of skin adnexal tumours encountered in this study were 31 with maximum incidence among 31-40 years' age group and Male:Female ratio of 1.06:1. Around 77% of skin adnexal tumours occurred in the Head and Neck region; 90.3% were benign and 9.7% were malignant tumours. Majority of these tumours were Eccrine tumours (51.6%) followed by Hair follicle tumours (29%), Apocrine (12.9%) and Sebaceous tumours (6.5%). Nodular hidradenoma was the most common benign skin adnexal tumour, while sebaceous carcinoma was the common malignant adnexal tumour encountered in this study. FNAC correlation was available for two cases of Nodular Hidradenoma and one case of malignant chondroid syringoma. Follow-up details were available for 21 cases. All the benign tumours showed complete cure following excision, while malignant chondroid syringoma showed local recurrence within 3 months of surgical excision. CONCLUSION The diagnosis of skin adnexal tumours is solely based upon histopathological examination. Owing to their varied lines of differentiation, overlapping morphological patterns and histological diversity they pose diagnostic challenge to the pathologists.

Indian Journal of Dermatology, 2014

Phaeohyphomycosis comprises a spectrum of mycotic infectious diseases caused by heterogeneous gro... more Phaeohyphomycosis comprises a spectrum of mycotic infectious diseases caused by heterogeneous group of phaeoid fungi. A subcutaneous cystic swelling with histological hallmark of pigmented hyphae in tissues accompanied by pyogenic granuloma is diagnostic of phaeohyphomycosis. We present two cases of phaeohyphomycosis in 65- and 55-year-old male agriculturalists, who presented with multiple, cystic soft-tissue masses involving extremities. Culture was done in one case and the specific organism was identified as Aureobasidium pullulans.

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Jul 1, 2014

Phaeohyphomycosis comprises a spectrum of mycotic infectious diseases caused by heterogeneous gro... more Phaeohyphomycosis comprises a spectrum of mycotic infectious diseases caused by heterogeneous group of phaeoid fungi. A subcutaneous cystic swelling with histological hallmark of pigmented hyphae in tissues accompanied by pyogenic granuloma is diagnostic of phaeohyphomycosis. We present two cases of phaeohyphomycosis in 65- and 55-year-old male agriculturalists, who presented with multiple, cystic soft-tissue masses involving extremities. Culture was done in one case and the specific organism was identified as Aureobasidium pullulans.

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Dec 30, 2022

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2022

Introduction: Myxoid sarcomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of tumours exhibiting overlappin... more Introduction: Myxoid sarcomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of tumours exhibiting overlapping histomorphological features with varied biological behaviour. Hence, additional ancillary techniques like Immunohistochemistry (IHC) are necessary for definite diagnosis and categorisation of the myxoid sarcomas. Aim: To identify the distribution of myxoid sarcomas among patients and also to evaluate the utility of basic IHC in the diagnosis of myxoid sarcomas. Materials and Methods: This was six years retrospective observational cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Pathology, Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, during the period of January 2008 - December 2013. Relevant pathological data of all the myxoid sarcomas reported during the study period were retrieved from the medical records. Corresponding Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained slides were reviewed and IHC was done using a panel of markers for confirmation. Results: Among the 57 myxoid sarcomas, 46% occurred in the age group of 41-60 years with a striking male preponderance (74%). Myxofibrosarcoma was the most common histological type (33.33%). All cases of myxofibrosarcoma were positive for vimentin while two cases showed focal Smooth Muscle Actin (SMA) positivity and one case showed focal CD34 positivity. Low grade fibromyxoid sarcomas were positive for only vimentin. Myxoid liposarcomas and extra-skeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas showed vimentin and S100 positivity. Myxoid Dermato Fibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) was positive for vimentin and CD34 while synovial sarcoma with myxoid change was positive for vimentin and Pancytokeratin (Pan CK). Myxoid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour (MPNST) showed 100% vimentin and S100 positivity while CD34 was positive in 12.5% of cases. Leiomyosarcoma with myxoid change was positive for vimentin, SMA, desmin and Pan CK. Conclusion: IHC is a valuable adjunct to light microscopy for the diagnosis of myxoid sarcomas.

Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice

Cureus

Introduction Heart failure (HF) is a progressive clinical syndrome resulting from various cardiac... more Introduction Heart failure (HF) is a progressive clinical syndrome resulting from various cardiac disorders. Galectin-3 promotes adverse cardiac remodeling leading to chronic heart failure (CHF). Aim To estimate the levels of galectin-3 in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients and controls and to determine the association between galectin-3 levels with age, gender, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Materials and methods The levels of plasma galectin-3 were estimated in CHF patients from January 2013 to October 2013 at Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The study was a case-control study. A total of 55 CHF patients were recruited as cases, and 55 controls were enrolled for the study. Participants' profiles were documented, and 5 mL of blood sample was collected. Galectin-3 levels in plasma were estimated by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 version. Mean, SD, and percentages were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups. The student's t-test was used to compare galectin-3 levels between CHF patients and the controls. ANOVA was employed to compare galectin-3 levels in the different age groups, gender, and LVEF. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted for plasma galectin-3 in CHF. Results In the present study, the mean age of CHF patients was 55.9±8.1 years and 54.1±9.4 years for controls. Males constituted 63.6% (n=35) and females were 36.4% (n=20) in the CHF group while 67.3% (n=37) were males and 32.7% (n=18) were females in the control group. The mean and SD for plasma galectin-3 was 9.95±2.8 ng/mL among CHF patients, while it was 4.08±1.3 ng/mL among controls (p<0.0001). As the age increased, levels of plasma galectin-3 increased in CHF patients and controls (p<0.00001). However, there was no statistical significance (p >0.05) for levels of galectin-3 among males and females in both groups. There was a highly significant difference in galectin-3 levels among cases and controls when classified into subgroups based on their LVEF (p<0.0001). At the cutoff level of 8 ng/mL, plasma galectin-3 had a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 71% in predicting CHF. Conclusion Galectin-3 helps in identifying CHF due to maladaptive remodeling of the heart. The present study concludes that estimating the plasma levels of galectin-3 is useful in diagnosing CHF.

NATIONAL JOURNAL OF LABORATORY MEDICINE

Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a rapid, minimally invasive and cost-effe... more Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a rapid, minimally invasive and cost-effective procedure with a high sensitivity rate of 92-95% and high Positive Predictive Value (PPV) approaching 100% for the diagnosis of breast malignancies. International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama system for reporting breast FNACs had been established in 2016 to bring consistency and uniformity of breast cytology reporting. Aim: To classify the breast lesions according to the IAC Yokohama system for cytological reporting of breast lesions. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective six years study carried out in the Department of Pathology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences, Chinnakolambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India. All females breast FNAC cases reported during the year January 2015 to December 2020 were included in the study according to the inclusion criteria. Relevant clinical and pathological data including the FNAC reports were retrieved from the medical records...

Cureus

Sigamani et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Common... more Sigamani et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH

Paediatric head and neck masses pose diagnostic challenge to the clinicians owing to the wide spe... more Paediatric head and neck masses pose diagnostic challenge to the clinicians owing to the wide spectrum of lesions including congenital (developmental), inflammatory and neoplastic lesions. In this case series, uncommon paediatric head and neck mass lesions that were diagnosed in a tertiary care hospital over a period of three years from January 2017 to December 2019, had been included, emphasizing on the diagnostic challenges encountered. First case was of Cervical Chondrocutaneous Branchial Remnant (CCBR) that was misdiagnosed as branchial cyst clinically. Second case was a lymphoepithelial cyst that masqueraded as an acute suppurative lymphadenitis in Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) due to florid inflammation. Third case was an aggressive poorly differentiated malignant neoplasm of left nasal cavity namely Nuclear protein in Testis (NUT) carcinoma that had to be differentiated from several other small round blue cell tumors. Fourth was a case of lipoblastoma which could be ...

Sarcomas are very uncommon in the male genital tract. The biological behaviour and clinical manag... more Sarcomas are very uncommon in the male genital tract. The biological behaviour and clinical management of these neoplasms vary considerably between the various organs that constitute the male genital tract. Hence it is important to diagnose them accurately. A retrospective six years (2007 to 2012) clinico-pathologic analysis of sarco-mas of the male genital tract from the medical records of the Department of Pathology in a tertiary care hospital was carried out and the results are presented here with a review of literature.

The Medical Journal of Okmeydani Training and Research Hospitaş, 2015

Masif over ödemi ender görülen benign over genişlemesidir. Genç yaş grubunu tutar, olguların yaş ... more Masif over ödemi ender görülen benign over genişlemesidir. Genç yaş grubunu tutar, olguların yaş ortalaması 21 (6-37 yaş)'dir. En yaygın klinik yakınma karın ağrısıdır. Klinik olarak malignite ile karışabilir. İntraoperatif olarak kama biyopsi yapılırsa hastanın overini korumak mümkün olmaktadır. Ancak bu olguların çoğunda ooferektomi yapılmaktadır. Biz de burada frozen inceleme ile benign tanısı verdiğimiz 26 yaşında ooferektomi yapılan hastamızı literatür eşliğinde sunuyoruz.

University Journal of Pre and Paraclinical Sciences, 2016

Sarcomas are very uncommon in the male genital tract. The biological behaviour and clinical manag... more Sarcomas are very uncommon in the male genital tract. The biological behaviour and clinical management of these neoplasms vary considerably between the various organs that constitute the male genital tract. Hence it is important to diagnose them accurately. A retrospective six years (2007 to 2012) clinico-pathologic analysis of sarcomas of the male genital tract from the medical records of the Department of Pathology in a tertiary care hospital was carried out and the results are presented here with a review of literature.

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences

BACKGROUND Skin adnexal tumours are relatively uncommon tumours. They include a heterogeneous gro... more BACKGROUND Skin adnexal tumours are relatively uncommon tumours. They include a heterogeneous group of neoplasms showing morphological differentiation towards pilosebaceous unit, eccrine or apocrine structures. 1 AIM The aim of this study is to analyse the clinico-pathological features of various skin adnexal tumours from the medical records of the Department of Pathology in a tertiary care hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective 3 years clinico-pathological study of all skin adnexal tumours observed at our Institution from 2013 to 2015 was carried out. The clinical parameters and histopathological features of various histological types of skin adnexal tumours encountered were documented with review of literature. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytological (FNAC) details for certain available cases were also incorporated in the study. RESULTS Total number of skin adnexal tumours encountered in this study were 31 with maximum incidence among 31-40 years' age group and Male:Female ratio of 1.06:1. Around 77% of skin adnexal tumours occurred in the Head and Neck region; 90.3% were benign and 9.7% were malignant tumours. Majority of these tumours were Eccrine tumours (51.6%) followed by Hair follicle tumours (29%), Apocrine (12.9%) and Sebaceous tumours (6.5%). Nodular hidradenoma was the most common benign skin adnexal tumour, while sebaceous carcinoma was the common malignant adnexal tumour encountered in this study. FNAC correlation was available for two cases of Nodular Hidradenoma and one case of malignant chondroid syringoma. Follow-up details were available for 21 cases. All the benign tumours showed complete cure following excision, while malignant chondroid syringoma showed local recurrence within 3 months of surgical excision. CONCLUSION The diagnosis of skin adnexal tumours is solely based upon histopathological examination. Owing to their varied lines of differentiation, overlapping morphological patterns and histological diversity they pose diagnostic challenge to the pathologists.

Indian Journal of Dermatology, 2014

Phaeohyphomycosis comprises a spectrum of mycotic infectious diseases caused by heterogeneous gro... more Phaeohyphomycosis comprises a spectrum of mycotic infectious diseases caused by heterogeneous group of phaeoid fungi. A subcutaneous cystic swelling with histological hallmark of pigmented hyphae in tissues accompanied by pyogenic granuloma is diagnostic of phaeohyphomycosis. We present two cases of phaeohyphomycosis in 65- and 55-year-old male agriculturalists, who presented with multiple, cystic soft-tissue masses involving extremities. Culture was done in one case and the specific organism was identified as Aureobasidium pullulans.

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Jul 1, 2014

Phaeohyphomycosis comprises a spectrum of mycotic infectious diseases caused by heterogeneous gro... more Phaeohyphomycosis comprises a spectrum of mycotic infectious diseases caused by heterogeneous group of phaeoid fungi. A subcutaneous cystic swelling with histological hallmark of pigmented hyphae in tissues accompanied by pyogenic granuloma is diagnostic of phaeohyphomycosis. We present two cases of phaeohyphomycosis in 65- and 55-year-old male agriculturalists, who presented with multiple, cystic soft-tissue masses involving extremities. Culture was done in one case and the specific organism was identified as Aureobasidium pullulans.