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Papers by kyaw ko ko aung

Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases

Цель статьи – определение фазового состава структур пленочных постоянных магнитов со слоями сплав... more Цель статьи – определение фазового состава структур пленочных постоянных магнитов со слоями сплава Fe-Cr-Co микронного диапазона толщин, называемого сплавом Kaneko. Знание фазового состава необходимо для разработки физико-технологических подходов создания оптимальных структур на подложках монокристаллического кремния с пленочным постоянным магнитом на основе дисперсионно-твердеющего сплава с вектором намагниченности в плоскости кремниевой подложки.Методом магнетронного напыления на кремниевой подложке были получены трехслойные металлические пленки: слой дисперсионно-твердеющего сплава на основе системы Fe-Cr-Co (толщиной 3600 нм), компенсационный медный слой (3800 нм) и ванадиевый адгезионно-барьерный слой (110 нм). Сформированные на кремниевой подложке многослойные пленки подвергались одноминутному отжигу в высоком вакууме в диапазоне температур 600–650 °С. Методом рентгеновской дифракции выполнен качественный фазовый анализ структур, полученныхмагнетронным напылением и подвергнут...

報告番号: 甲25839 ; 学位授与年月日: 2010-03-24 ; 学位の種別: 課程博士 ; 学位の種類: 博士(農学) ; 学位記番号: 博農第3539号 ; 研究科・専攻: 農学生命... more 報告番号: 甲25839 ; 学位授与年月日: 2010-03-24 ; 学位の種別: 課程博士 ; 学位の種類: 博士(農学) ; 学位記番号: 博農第3539号 ; 研究科・専攻: 農学生命科学研究科水圏生物科学専攻

Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University, Feb 28, 2008

Since 1988, agricultural market reform had been implemented with domestic and export liberalizati... more Since 1988, agricultural market reform had been implemented with domestic and export liberalization in Myanmar. However, pulses market is only one market implemented by fully privatization of marketing activities both in domestic and abroad. This paper tests the impact of agricultural market reform on regional wholesale markets of pulses by using Johansen's multivariate co-integration method and Granger causality test. All price series were integrated order (1). One co-integrating equation was found in long-run for all markets, but there was disequilibrium condition in short run market integration. Mandalay prices Granger caused all prices of markets of black gram and green gram, and Yangon prices Granger caused all markets except Myingyan in pigeon pea. Yangon and Mandalay markets are the leading markets for price formation. Agricultural market reform with domestic and export liberalization is a necessary condition for efficient marketing system, but is not a sufficient condition for this system. It can be concluded that efficient marketing system should be improved with agricultural market reform meanwhile strengthening market information system, market facilities and institutions.

Precise exchange of information and resources among cells is essential for multicellular organism... more Precise exchange of information and resources among cells is essential for multicellular organisms. Intercellular communication among diverse cell types requires differential mechanisms to achieve the specific regulation. Despite the significance of intercellular communication, it is largely unknown how the communication between different cells is regulated. Here, we report that two members of plasmodesmata-located proteins modulate plasmodesmata at two distinct cell-cell interfaces.

Abstract; Possibility of Tetraselmis tetrathele utilization was tested as a basic food for swimmi... more Abstract; Possibility of Tetraselmis tetrathele utilization was tested as a basic food for swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus larval production, culturing the alga in NaHCO3 enrichment medium. The algal density increased significantly by addition of NaHCO3, ...

Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan MAKIA, 2021

ABSTRAK Latar belakang: penderita diabetes melitus terus mengalami peningkatan tiap tahunnya. Lap... more ABSTRAK Latar belakang: penderita diabetes melitus terus mengalami peningkatan tiap tahunnya. Laporan menunjukkan bahwa terapi pijat merupakan terapi komplementer yang digemari di indonesia serta memiliki banyak manfaat. Tujuan: menggali lebih dalam mengenai pengaruh terapi pijat terhadap tingkat kadar glukosa darah pada pasien dengan diabetes melitus. Metode: Pencarian artikel dilakukan menggunakan Science Direct, Medline, Google Search dan Pro Quest untuk menemukan artikel sesuai kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria yang ditetapkan penulis dianalisis, ditentukan level dari evidancenya, diekstraksi kemudian disintesis. Hasil: terapi pijat secara signifikan mampu mengontrol kadar glukosa darah pada pasien anak-anak dengan diabetes melitus P value < 0,0001. Faktor yang mempengaruhi pasien menggunakan pengobatan komplementer adalah gender dengan P value = 0.049, pemasukan rumah tangga P= 0.048 dan frekuensi kontrol gula darah P= 0.036. Swedish massage t...

Frontiers in Plant Science, 2021

Pathogenic microorganisms deliver protein effectors into host cells to suppress host immune respo... more Pathogenic microorganisms deliver protein effectors into host cells to suppress host immune responses. Recent findings reveal that phytopathogens manipulate the function of plant cell-to-cell communication channels known as plasmodesmata (PD) to promote diseases. Several bacterial and filamentous pathogen effectors have been shown to regulate PD in their host cells. A few effectors of filamentous pathogens have been reported to move from the infected cells to neighboring plant cells through PD; however, it is unclear whether bacterial effectors can traffic through PD in plants. In this study, we determined the intercellular movement of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 effectors between adjoining plant cells in Nicotiana benthamiana. We observed that at least 16 Pst DC3000 effectors have the capacity to move from transformed cells to the surrounding plant cells. The movement of the effectors is largely dependent on their molecular weights. The expression of PD regulators,...

The Plant Cell, 2019

A hallmark of multicellular organisms is their ability to maintain physiological homeostasis by c... more A hallmark of multicellular organisms is their ability to maintain physiological homeostasis by communicating among cells, tissues, and organs. In plants, intercellular communication is largely dependent on plasmodesmata (PD), which are membrane-lined channels connecting adjacent plant cells. Upon immune stimulation, plants close PD as part of their immune responses. Here, we show that the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae deploys an effector protein, HopO1-1, that modulates PD function. HopO1-1 is required for P. syringae to spread locally to neighboring tissues during infection. Expression of HopO1-1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) increases the distance of PD-dependent molecular flux between neighboring plant cells. Being a putative ribosyltransferase, the catalytic activity of HopO1-1 is required for regulation of PD. HopO1-1 physically interacts with and destabilizes the plant PD-located protein PDLP7 and possibly PDLP5. Both PDLPs are involved in bacterial immunity. Our findings reveal that a pathogenic bacterium utilizes an effector to manipulate PD-mediated host intercellular communication for maximizing the spread of bacterial infection.

International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), 2019

This paper presents the calculation and production procedure of impeller for single section centr... more This paper presents the calculation and production procedure of impeller for single section centrifugal pump. The pump type is single stage centrifugal pump with close impeller type. This impeller develops a head of 20 m and delivers 0.9 m 3 /min of water. The designed impeller has 97 mm inlet diameter, 226 mm outlet diameter, 20˚ inlet vane angle and 23˚ outlet vane angle. The total number of vane is 6 and input shaft power is 6 hp. The inlet and outlet width are 26 mm and 18 mm respectively. The discharge pipe diameter is 80 mm to operate the desired head and capacity. Based on the designed results, the impeller is also fabricated. There are four steps to produce the impeller. The first step is to draw a pattern design and then the pattern machining on CNC milling machine (Optimum, F 105) for pattern making. The mould making and casting process are used the sand casting method. This method is suitable for cast iron material and cheaper than the other methods. In this foundry process, Cupolar type furnace is used. Moreover, this study supports to develop the manufacturing method of pump impeller and to be able to produce in localization and with low costs. The designed single-suction centrifugal pump can fulfill the requirements of chemical plants, domestic applications, water supply process and agricultural process.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology, 2018

Throughout their life plants are associated with various microorganisms, including commensal, sym... more Throughout their life plants are associated with various microorganisms, including commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogens are genetically adapted to aggressively colonize and proliferate in host plants to cause disease. However, disease outbreaks occur only under permissive environmental conditions. The interplay between host, pathogen and environment is famously known as the 'disease triangle'. Among the environmental factors, rainfall events, which often create a period of high atmospheric humidity, have repeatedly been shown to promote disease outbreaks in plants, suggesting that the availability of water is crucial for pathogenesis. During pathogen infection, water-soaking spots are frequently observed on infected leaves as an early symptom of disease. Recent studies have shown that pathogenic bacteria dedicate specialized virulence proteins to create an aqueous habitat inside the leaf apoplast under high humidity. Water availability in the apoplas...

Nature, 2016

High humidity has a profound influence on the development of numerous phyllosphere diseases in cr... more High humidity has a profound influence on the development of numerous phyllosphere diseases in crop fields and natural ecosystems, but the molecular basis of this humidity effect is not understood. Previous studies emphasize immune suppression as a key step in bacterial pathogenesis. Here we show that humidity-dependent, pathogen-driven establishment of an aqueous intercellular space (apoplast) is another crucial step in bacterial infection of the phyllosphere. Bacterial effectors, such as Pseudomonas syringae HopM1, induce establishment of the aqueous apoplast and are sufficient to transform non-pathogenic P. syringae strains into virulent pathogens in immune-deficient Arabidopsis under high humidity. Arabidopsis quadruple mutants simultaneously defective in a host target (MIN7) of HopM1 and in pattern-triggered immunity could not only recapitulate the basic features of bacterial infection, but also exhibit humidity-dependent dyshomeostasis of the endophytic commensal bacterial community in the phyllosphere. These results highlight a new conceptual framework for understanding diverse phyllosphere-bacterial interactions.

Methods in Molecular Biology, 2016

Animal and plant pathogenic bacteria use type III secretion systems to translocate proteinaceous ... more Animal and plant pathogenic bacteria use type III secretion systems to translocate proteinaceous effectors to subvert innate immunity of their host organisms. Type III secretion/effector system is a crucial pathogenicity factor in many bacterial pathogens of plants and animals. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 injects a total of 36 protein effectors, which target a variety of host proteins. Studies of a subset of Pst DC3000 effectors demonstrated that bacterial effectors, once inside the host cell, are localized to different subcellular compartments, including plasma membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplast, and Trans-Golgi network, to carry out their virulence functions. Identifying the subcellular localization of bacterial effector proteins in host cells could provide substantial clues to understanding the molecular and cellular bases of the virulence activities of effector proteins. In this chapter, we present methods for transient or stable expression of bacterial effector proteins in tobacco and/or Arabidopsis thaliana for live cell imaging as well as confirming the subcellular localization in plants using fluorescent organelle markers or chemical treatment.

Neurologia Medico Chirurgica, 1966

Desalination, 2016

Abstract Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermally driven membrane process. For MD application, a... more Abstract Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermally driven membrane process. For MD application, a hydrophobic and porous membrane is required. A bi-composite membrane has been introduced for many MD applications because of its superior membrane performance, especially flux. In this research, in order to increase the flux of a commercial bi-composite membrane, various macro punctures were formed in the support layer. The modified MD membranes were tested in a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) configuration. The flux of a modified membrane was affected by the size and location of macro punctures and overall porosity in the support layer. The flux of a modified membrane was enhanced up to 27% compared with that of pristine membrane when the size of the macro puncture and overall porosity of the support layer were larger than 20 mm 2 and 60%, respectively. The overall porosity and size and location of macro punctures in the support layer affected the flux due to the turbulent production in the permeate side. The membrane integrity was checked not only by the tensile strength of the modified membrane samples but also by the long term operation by using the secondary effluent of the wastewater treatment plant as a feed.

Molecular Oncology, 2015

Circulating miRNA stability suggests potential utility of miRNA based biomarkers to monitor tumor... more Circulating miRNA stability suggests potential utility of miRNA based biomarkers to monitor tumor burden and/or progression, particularly in cancer types where serial biopsy is impractical. Assessment of miRNA specificity and sensitivity is challenging within the clinical setting. To address this, circulating miRNAs were examined in mice bearing human SCLC tumor xenografts and SCLC patient derived circulating tumor cell explant models (CDX). We identified 49 miRNAs using human TaqMan Low Density Arrays readily detectable in 10 ml tail vein plasma from mice carrying H526 SCLC xenografts that were low or undetectable in non-tumor bearing controls. Circulating miR-95 measured serially in mice bearing CDX was detected with tumor volumes as low as 10 mm 3 and faithfully reported subsequent tumor growth. Having established assay sensitivity in mouse models, we identified 26 miRNAs that were elevated in a stage dependent manner in a pilot study of plasma from SCLC patients (n ¼ 16) compared to healthy controls (n ¼ 11) that were also elevated in the mouse models. We selected a smaller panel of 10 previously reported miRNAs (miRs 95, 141, 200a, 200b, 200c, 210, 335#, 375, 429) that were consistently elevated in SCLC, some of which are reported to be elevated in other cancer types. Using a multiplex qPCR assay, elevated levels of miRNAs across the panel were also observed in a further 66 patients with non-small cell lung, colorectal or pancreatic cancers. The utility of this circulating miRNA panel as an early warning of tumor progression across several tumor types merits further evaluation in larger studies.

Plant physiology, Jan 23, 2015

Many bacterial pathogens of plants and animals deliver effector proteins into host cells to promo... more Many bacterial pathogens of plants and animals deliver effector proteins into host cells to promote infection. Elucidation of how pathogen effector proteins function not only is critical for understanding bacterial pathogenesis, but also provides a useful tool in discovering the functions of host genes. In this study, we characterized the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 effector protein AvrE, the founding member of a widely distributed, yet functionally enigmatic, bacterial effector family. We show that AvrE is localized in the plasma membrane (PM) and PM-associated vesicle-like structures in the plant cell. AvrE contains two physically interacting domains, and the N-terminal portion contains a PM-localization signal. Genome-wide microarray analysis indicates that AvrE, as well as a functionally-redundant effector HopM1, down-regulates the expression of the NDR1/HIN1-Like 13 gene in Arabidopsis. Mutational analysis shows that NHL13 is required for plant immunity, as the nhl13...

Burma medical journal, 1960

Heart disease (Hagerstown, Md.)

Tolerability is an important consideration in evaluating a new antihypertensive agent. This can b... more Tolerability is an important consideration in evaluating a new antihypertensive agent. This can be assessed informally by conventional patient interviews or more formally with the use of validated health-related quality of life (HRQL) measures assessing the patient's perception of the agent's tolerability. HRQL was a secondary end point of a 12-week, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and tolerability of candesartan cilexetil in black patients with systemic hypertension. HRQL was evaluated using the generic Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) and population- and condition-specific Vital Signs Quality of Life Questionnaire (VSQLQ). Data were gathered via face-to-face interviews at screening, baseline, and weeks 8 and 12. Of the 304 patients randomized, 268 were evaluable for the HRQL analysis. Clinical results, reported in the companion article, found that candesartan cilexetil initiated at 16 mg once daily and titrat...

The Plant Journal, 2013

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a signaling network triggered by overload of protein-foldi... more The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a signaling network triggered by overload of protein-folding demand in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a condition termed ER stress. The UPR is critical for growth and development; nonetheless, connections between the UPR and other cellular regulatory processes remain largely unknown. Here, we identify a link between the UPR and the phytohormone auxin, a master regulator of plant physiology. We show that ER stress triggers down-regulation of auxin receptors and transporters in Arabidopsis thaliana. We also demonstrate that an Arabidopsis mutant of a conserved ER stress sensor IRE1 exhibits defects in the auxin response and levels. These data not only support that the plant IRE1 is required for auxin homeostasis, they also reveal a species-specific feature of IRE1 in multicellular eukaryotes. Furthermore, by establishing that UPR activation is reduced in mutants of ER-localized auxin transporters, including PIN5, we define a long-neglected biological significance of ER-based auxin regulation. We further examine the functional relationship of IRE1 and PIN5 by showing that an ire1 pin5 triple mutant enhances defects of UPR activation and auxin homeostasis in ire1 or pin5. Our results imply that the plant UPR has evolved a hormone-dependent strategy for coordinating ER function with physiological processes.

The Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 2014

A widely-used plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is known to induce apoptosis in neuro... more A widely-used plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is known to induce apoptosis in neurons, although the mechanisms responsible for DEHP-induced apoptosis is not well explored yet. We recently showed that exposure to DEHP increases the expression of hemeoxygenase (HO)-1, an oxidative stress related enzyme, in the mice brain. In this study, we investigated whether HO-1 is involved in DEHP-induced apoptosis using a mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro-2a, which forcibly express SCAT3, a fluorescent indicator of caspase-3 activity. The doses of DEHP at 1, 10 or 100 μM were used in the present study to mimic the level of human exposure to DEHP. Live image analysis of SCAT3-expressing Neuro-2a cells revealed that caspase-3 activity in the cells was significantly increased by DEHP at 100 μM but not 1 or 10 μM. We measured HO-1 mRNA level in Neuro-2a cells exposed to DEHP and found significant increase in HO-1 mRNA level by DEHP at 100 μM but not 1 or 10 μM. Live image analysis of SCAT3-expresisng Neuro-2a cells was further performed to determine the effects of HO-1 siRNA in DEHP-induced apoptosis via caspase-3 activation. We found that knockdown of HO-1 gene nullifies the effects of DEHP to activate caspase-3. These results suggest that HO-1 is involved in DEHP-induced apoptosis. Moreover, this study demonstrates that high-dose DEHP exposure induces caspase-3-dependent apoptosis, which is at least partially mediated by the up-regulation of HO-1 gene, in Neuro-2a cells.