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Papers by laura cavallarin

Research paper thumbnail of Thermal processing of insect allergens and IgE cross-recognition in Italian patients allergic to shrimp, house dust mite and mealworm

Food Research International

Edible insects are considered as a promising and sustainable alternative protein source for human... more Edible insects are considered as a promising and sustainable alternative protein source for humans, although risk assessments, with particular reference to the allergic potential of insect proteins, are required. Considering that insects are likely to be consumed after processing, it is crucial to assess how processing can influence allergenicity. In our study, we investigated how boiling and frying affect the IgE cross-recognition of proteins from five edible insects (mealworm, buffalo worm, silkworm, cricket and grasshopper). We considered three groups of Italian patients allergic to shrimps and to house dust mites, who had never consumed insects before and two subjects with occupational allergy and food sensitization to mealworm. Our data suggest that thermal processing may change the solubility of proteins, thereby resulting in a protein shift from water-soluble fractions to waterinsoluble fractions. Immunoblot and LC-MS/MS analyses have shown that tropomyosin may play an important role as a cross-allergen for house dust mite and shrimp allergic patients, while larval cuticle protein seems to play a major role in the cross-reactivity of patients primarily sensitized to mealworm. On the basis of our results, the effects of processing appear to be protein-, species-and treatment-specific. Therefore, house dust mite, shrimp and mealworm allergic patients should consume insects with caution, even after thermal processing.

Research paper thumbnail of A2 Milk and BCM-7 Peptide as Emerging Parameters of Milk Quality

Frontiers in Nutrition

Beta-casein makes up about 30% of the total protein contained in milk and can be present in cows&... more Beta-casein makes up about 30% of the total protein contained in milk and can be present in cows' milk in two distinct forms (A1 or A2) or as a combination of the two. The only difference between these two variants of β-casein (β-CN) is a single amino acid substitution. This results in a different behavior of the protein upon enzymatic cleavage, following human consumption or due to microbial action. In most of the commercially available milk containing A1 or A1/A2 β-CN variants, the β-casomorphin-7 peptide (BCM-7) is released upon digestion and during cheese manufacturing/ripening, while this does not happen with A2 milk. BCM-7 is a known μ-opioid receptor agonist that may influence the gastro-intestinal physiology directly and may also exert effects elsewhere in the body, such as on the cardiovascular, neurological and endocrine systems. The present article is aimed at a revision of prior review papers on the topic, with a focus on the impact of ingestion of A1 β-CN milk and A...

Research paper thumbnail of A high-starch vs. high-fibre diet: effects on the gut environment of the different intestinal compartments of the horse digestive tract

BMC Veterinary Research

Background Horses are often fed high amounts of starch in their diets despite the well-establishe... more Background Horses are often fed high amounts of starch in their diets despite the well-established benefits of a fibre-based diet to promote gut health and animal welfare. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of two different diets – one based on high amounts of starch (HS) vs. one base on high amounts of fibre (HF) – on specific parameters of the gut environment across different intestinal compartments of the horse digestive tract. To this end differences in the gastrointestinal environment between HS vs. HF fed horses were assessed in terms of dry matter, organic matter and ash content; the particle size distribution and volatile fatty acid composition were also investigated. Results Nineteen Bardigiano horses of 14.3 ± 0.7 months of age and destined to slaughter were divided into two group pens – one fed with high amounts of starch (HS; n = 9; 43% hay plus 57% starch-rich pelleted feed); vs. fed with high amounts of fibre (HF; n = 10; 70% hay plus 30% fibre-ric...

Research paper thumbnail of Supplementing human milk with a donkey or bovine milk derived fortifier: Consequences on proteolysis, lipolysis and particle structure under in vitro dynamic digestion

Research paper thumbnail of Donkey Milk Fermentation by Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris and Lactobacillus rhamnosus Affects the Antiviral and Antibacterial Milk Properties

Molecules

Background: Milk is considered an important source of bioactive peptides, which can be produced b... more Background: Milk is considered an important source of bioactive peptides, which can be produced by endogenous or starter bacteria, such as lactic acid bacteria, that are considered effective and safe producers of food-grade bioactive peptides. Among the various types of milk, donkey milk has been gaining more and more attention for its nutraceutical properties. Methods: Lactobacillus rhamnosus 17D10 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris 40FEL3 were selected for their ability to produce peptides from donkey milk. The endogenous peptides and those obtained after bacterial fermentation were assayed for their antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. The peptide mixtures were characterized by means of LC-MS/MS and then analyzed in silico using the Milk Bioactive Peptide DataBase. Results: The peptides produced by the two selected bacteria enhanced the antioxidant activity and reduced E. coli growth. Only the peptides produced by L. rhamnosus 17D10 were able to reduce S. aur...

Research paper thumbnail of Oleosin Cor a 15 is a novel allergen for Italian hazelnut allergic children

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution-NonCo mmerc... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution-NonCo mmercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

Research paper thumbnail of Meeting nutritional needs to ensure dairy donkeys’ welfare

70th EAAP Annual Meeting, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of stage of growth and inoculation on fermentation quality of field pea silage

Proc. 14th International Silage Conference, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of First Report of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Spain

Plant Disease, 1993

... with the TYLCV mild strain from Spain (GenBank Accession No. AF071228), TYLCV Israel isolate ... more ... with the TYLCV mild strain from Spain (GenBank Accession No. AF071228), TYLCV Israel isolate (GenBank Accession No. AM234066), and TYLCV Mexico isolate (GenBank Accession No. DQ631892). To our knowledge, this is the first report of TYLCV infecting tomato crops in ...

Research paper thumbnail of The “Fortilat” Randomized Clinical Trial Follow-Up: Auxological Outcome at 18 Months of Age

Nutrients, 2020

Human milk fortification is a routine clinical practice for feeding preterm infants. We hypothesi... more Human milk fortification is a routine clinical practice for feeding preterm infants. We hypothesized that donkey milk can be a suitable basis for developing an innovative human milk fortifier. Our randomized controlled single-blind clinical trial, named “Fortilat”, evaluated the feeding tolerance, growth and clinical short-term outcomes in a population of preterm infants fed with a novel multi-component fortifier and a protein concentrate derived from donkey milk. The aim of the current study is to extend the previous findings and to evaluate the auxological outcomes of the infants enrolled in the “Fortilat” trial at 18 months of age. In the previous trial “Fortilat”, the fortification protocol followed was the same for the two groups, and the two diets were designed to be isoproteic and isocaloric. All infants enrolled in the trial were included in a premature infant developmental evaluation program consisting of hospital visits at 40 ± 1 weeks of postmenstrual age, and at 6, 12 an...

Research paper thumbnail of Author response for "Oleosin Cor a 15 is a novel allergen for Italian hazelnut allergic children

Research paper thumbnail of Milk protein composition and sequence differences in milk and fermented dairy products affecting digestion and tolerance to dairy products

Microbiology in Dairy Processing, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Humidity and Moisture Measurements in Foodprocessing Applications

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of wilting on the protein degradation pattern in lucerne silages at two stages of maturity

Research paper thumbnail of New human milk fortifiers for the preterm infant

Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine, 2017

Given its unique nutritional and functional advantages, human milk (HM) should be considered as t... more Given its unique nutritional and functional advantages, human milk (HM) should be considered as the first choice for the nutrition of all infants, including preterm newborns. Since its protein, mineral and energy contents are not suitable to meet the high needs of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants, HM should be fortified for these components. Fortification of HM is an important nutritional intervention in order to provide appropriate nutritional intake and appropriate growth. The standard fortification strategy has yielded inadequate protein intakes, resulting in slower growth as compared to preterm formulas. Improvement of outcomes depends on new fortification strategies, considering the large variability of HM composition. Individualized fortification, either targeted or adjustable, has been shown to be effective and practical in attaining adequate protein intakes and growth. Most commercially available multi-nutrient fortifiers and protein concentrates are derived from bovine ...

Research paper thumbnail of Olive oil: maternal and pediatric health

The new base of the pyramid that represents the Mediterranean Diet (MD) includes a balanced lifes... more The new base of the pyramid that represents the Mediterranean Diet (MD) includes a balanced lifestyle, healthy cooking methods, traditional, local and eco-friendly products, conviviality, physical activity with an adequate amount of rest, as well as caloric restriction and food frugality. Moreover, it has been confirmed that the main source of MD fat is Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO). EVOO is considered a key feature of the healthy properties of the MD, due to its fatty acid, vitamin and polyphenol composition. However, these components need to be bioavailable to allow EVOO to exert its nutraceutical properties, which include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antiviral and hypoglycemic properties, as well as protective effects on the heart and brain, and during pregnancy and breast feeding. The main phenolic components responsible for the nutraceutical properties of EVOO are hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and oleuropein. The adopted oil production and extraction te...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of stress-related parameters and intramural coronary arteriosclerosis in Lidia bulls and Piemontese oxen

Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate how different rearing systems (intensive or semi-extensive)... more The aim of this study was to evaluate how different rearing systems (intensive or semi-extensive) and sexual hormones could affect stress parameters and the development of stress-related intramural coronary arteriosclerosis in Lidia bulls (n ¼ 18) and Piemontese oxen (n ¼ 17). At slaughter, hearts were sampled and submitted to histological investigations in order to evaluate coronary arteriosclerosis. Blood and hair samples were also collected to measure d-ROMS and 20b-dihydrocortisol levels, respectively. No significant differences were recorded for serum levels of d-ROMS between Piemontese oxen and Lidia bulls. On the contrary, Lidia bulls presented higher levels of hair 20b-dihydrocortisol compared to Piemontese oxen (p ¼ .007). Arteriosclerosis was recorded in both the groups. In Lidia bulls, mild to moderate coronary arteriosclerosis was recorded in all the evaluated regions of the heart (right and left papillary muscle; interventricular septum; right and left ventricle free wall; right and left atrium). In Piemontese oxen, mild to severe coronary arteriosclerosis was observed, especially in the left papillary muscle. These results suggest that both cattle breed experienced stress during their rearing cycle. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of housing system and sexual hormones in the development of these subclinical vascular pathology. HIGHLIGHTS Rearing systems can affect animal welfare. Coronary arteriosclerosis, d-ROMS and hair 20b-dihydrocortisol levels can be affected by stress. Lidia bulls and Piemontese oxen experienced different levels of stress during their rearing cycle.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of hot air and infrared roasting on hazelnut allergenicity

Food Chemistry, 2021

Roasting is known to affect the protein profile and allergenicity of hazelnuts (Corylus avellana ... more Roasting is known to affect the protein profile and allergenicity of hazelnuts (Corylus avellana cv TGL). The aim of the study was to investigate whether roasting techniques based on different heat transfer methods (hot air and infrared), differently affect the protein solubility and the IgE-binding capacities of both the soluble and insoluble hazelnut protein fractions. The immune-reactivity of the Cor a 9, Cor a 11 and Cor a 14 allergens resulted to be stable after roasting at 140°C, for both types of treatment, while roasting at 170°C caused a reduction in IgEbinding, which was particularly noticeable after infrared processing, that led to an almost complete disappearance of allergenicity. Microscopical analyses showed that roasting caused cytoplasmic network disruption, with a loss of lipid compartmentalization, as well as an alteration of the structure of the protein bodies and of the cell wall organization.

Research paper thumbnail of Antimicrobial Potential of Food Lactic Acid Bacteria: Bioactive Peptide Decrypting from Caseins and Bacteriocin Production

Microorganisms, 2020

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) potential in the food industry and in the biotechnological sector is a... more Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) potential in the food industry and in the biotechnological sector is a well-established interest. LAB potential in counteracting especially food-borne infections has received growing attention, but despite being a road full of promises is yet poorly explored. Furthermore, the ability of LAB to produce antimicrobial compounds, both by ribosomal synthesis and by decrypting them from proteins, is of high value when considering the growing impact of multidrug resistant strains. The antimicrobial potential of 14 food-derived lactic acid bacteria strains has been investigated in this study. Among them, four strains were able to counteract Listeria monocytogenes growth: Lactococcus lactis SN12 and L. lactis SN17 by high lactic acid production, whereas L. lactis 41FLL3 and Lactobacillus sakei I151 by Nisin Z and Sakacin P production, respectively. Strains Lactococcus lactis MG1363, Lactobacillus rhamnosus 17D10 and Lactobacillus helveticus 4D5 were tested and sele...

Research paper thumbnail of Human Colostrum and Derived Extracellular Vesicles Prevent Infection by Human Rotavirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Vitro

Journal of Human Lactation, 2021

Background It is known that breastfeeding protects the infant from enteric and respiratory infect... more Background It is known that breastfeeding protects the infant from enteric and respiratory infections; however, the antiviral properties of human milk against enteric and respiratory viruses are largely unexplored. Research aims To explore the antiviral activity of human preterm colostrum against rotavirus and respiratory syncytial virus and to assess whether the derived extracellular vesicle contribute to this activity. Methods We used a cross-sectional, prospective two-group non-experimental design. Colostra were collected from mothers of preterm newborns ( N = 10) and extracellular vesicles were purified and characterized. The antiviral activity of colostra and derived extracellular vesicles were tested in vitro against rotavirus and respiratory syncytial virus and the step of viral replication inhibited by extracellular vesicles was investigated. Results Each sample of colostrum and colostrum-derived extracellular vesicles had significant antiviral activity with a wide interpers...

Research paper thumbnail of Thermal processing of insect allergens and IgE cross-recognition in Italian patients allergic to shrimp, house dust mite and mealworm

Food Research International

Edible insects are considered as a promising and sustainable alternative protein source for human... more Edible insects are considered as a promising and sustainable alternative protein source for humans, although risk assessments, with particular reference to the allergic potential of insect proteins, are required. Considering that insects are likely to be consumed after processing, it is crucial to assess how processing can influence allergenicity. In our study, we investigated how boiling and frying affect the IgE cross-recognition of proteins from five edible insects (mealworm, buffalo worm, silkworm, cricket and grasshopper). We considered three groups of Italian patients allergic to shrimps and to house dust mites, who had never consumed insects before and two subjects with occupational allergy and food sensitization to mealworm. Our data suggest that thermal processing may change the solubility of proteins, thereby resulting in a protein shift from water-soluble fractions to waterinsoluble fractions. Immunoblot and LC-MS/MS analyses have shown that tropomyosin may play an important role as a cross-allergen for house dust mite and shrimp allergic patients, while larval cuticle protein seems to play a major role in the cross-reactivity of patients primarily sensitized to mealworm. On the basis of our results, the effects of processing appear to be protein-, species-and treatment-specific. Therefore, house dust mite, shrimp and mealworm allergic patients should consume insects with caution, even after thermal processing.

Research paper thumbnail of A2 Milk and BCM-7 Peptide as Emerging Parameters of Milk Quality

Frontiers in Nutrition

Beta-casein makes up about 30% of the total protein contained in milk and can be present in cows&... more Beta-casein makes up about 30% of the total protein contained in milk and can be present in cows' milk in two distinct forms (A1 or A2) or as a combination of the two. The only difference between these two variants of β-casein (β-CN) is a single amino acid substitution. This results in a different behavior of the protein upon enzymatic cleavage, following human consumption or due to microbial action. In most of the commercially available milk containing A1 or A1/A2 β-CN variants, the β-casomorphin-7 peptide (BCM-7) is released upon digestion and during cheese manufacturing/ripening, while this does not happen with A2 milk. BCM-7 is a known μ-opioid receptor agonist that may influence the gastro-intestinal physiology directly and may also exert effects elsewhere in the body, such as on the cardiovascular, neurological and endocrine systems. The present article is aimed at a revision of prior review papers on the topic, with a focus on the impact of ingestion of A1 β-CN milk and A...

Research paper thumbnail of A high-starch vs. high-fibre diet: effects on the gut environment of the different intestinal compartments of the horse digestive tract

BMC Veterinary Research

Background Horses are often fed high amounts of starch in their diets despite the well-establishe... more Background Horses are often fed high amounts of starch in their diets despite the well-established benefits of a fibre-based diet to promote gut health and animal welfare. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of two different diets – one based on high amounts of starch (HS) vs. one base on high amounts of fibre (HF) – on specific parameters of the gut environment across different intestinal compartments of the horse digestive tract. To this end differences in the gastrointestinal environment between HS vs. HF fed horses were assessed in terms of dry matter, organic matter and ash content; the particle size distribution and volatile fatty acid composition were also investigated. Results Nineteen Bardigiano horses of 14.3 ± 0.7 months of age and destined to slaughter were divided into two group pens – one fed with high amounts of starch (HS; n = 9; 43% hay plus 57% starch-rich pelleted feed); vs. fed with high amounts of fibre (HF; n = 10; 70% hay plus 30% fibre-ric...

Research paper thumbnail of Supplementing human milk with a donkey or bovine milk derived fortifier: Consequences on proteolysis, lipolysis and particle structure under in vitro dynamic digestion

Research paper thumbnail of Donkey Milk Fermentation by Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris and Lactobacillus rhamnosus Affects the Antiviral and Antibacterial Milk Properties

Molecules

Background: Milk is considered an important source of bioactive peptides, which can be produced b... more Background: Milk is considered an important source of bioactive peptides, which can be produced by endogenous or starter bacteria, such as lactic acid bacteria, that are considered effective and safe producers of food-grade bioactive peptides. Among the various types of milk, donkey milk has been gaining more and more attention for its nutraceutical properties. Methods: Lactobacillus rhamnosus 17D10 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris 40FEL3 were selected for their ability to produce peptides from donkey milk. The endogenous peptides and those obtained after bacterial fermentation were assayed for their antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. The peptide mixtures were characterized by means of LC-MS/MS and then analyzed in silico using the Milk Bioactive Peptide DataBase. Results: The peptides produced by the two selected bacteria enhanced the antioxidant activity and reduced E. coli growth. Only the peptides produced by L. rhamnosus 17D10 were able to reduce S. aur...

Research paper thumbnail of Oleosin Cor a 15 is a novel allergen for Italian hazelnut allergic children

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution-NonCo mmerc... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution-NonCo mmercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

Research paper thumbnail of Meeting nutritional needs to ensure dairy donkeys’ welfare

70th EAAP Annual Meeting, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of stage of growth and inoculation on fermentation quality of field pea silage

Proc. 14th International Silage Conference, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of First Report of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Spain

Plant Disease, 1993

... with the TYLCV mild strain from Spain (GenBank Accession No. AF071228), TYLCV Israel isolate ... more ... with the TYLCV mild strain from Spain (GenBank Accession No. AF071228), TYLCV Israel isolate (GenBank Accession No. AM234066), and TYLCV Mexico isolate (GenBank Accession No. DQ631892). To our knowledge, this is the first report of TYLCV infecting tomato crops in ...

Research paper thumbnail of The “Fortilat” Randomized Clinical Trial Follow-Up: Auxological Outcome at 18 Months of Age

Nutrients, 2020

Human milk fortification is a routine clinical practice for feeding preterm infants. We hypothesi... more Human milk fortification is a routine clinical practice for feeding preterm infants. We hypothesized that donkey milk can be a suitable basis for developing an innovative human milk fortifier. Our randomized controlled single-blind clinical trial, named “Fortilat”, evaluated the feeding tolerance, growth and clinical short-term outcomes in a population of preterm infants fed with a novel multi-component fortifier and a protein concentrate derived from donkey milk. The aim of the current study is to extend the previous findings and to evaluate the auxological outcomes of the infants enrolled in the “Fortilat” trial at 18 months of age. In the previous trial “Fortilat”, the fortification protocol followed was the same for the two groups, and the two diets were designed to be isoproteic and isocaloric. All infants enrolled in the trial were included in a premature infant developmental evaluation program consisting of hospital visits at 40 ± 1 weeks of postmenstrual age, and at 6, 12 an...

Research paper thumbnail of Author response for "Oleosin Cor a 15 is a novel allergen for Italian hazelnut allergic children

Research paper thumbnail of Milk protein composition and sequence differences in milk and fermented dairy products affecting digestion and tolerance to dairy products

Microbiology in Dairy Processing, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Humidity and Moisture Measurements in Foodprocessing Applications

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of wilting on the protein degradation pattern in lucerne silages at two stages of maturity

Research paper thumbnail of New human milk fortifiers for the preterm infant

Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine, 2017

Given its unique nutritional and functional advantages, human milk (HM) should be considered as t... more Given its unique nutritional and functional advantages, human milk (HM) should be considered as the first choice for the nutrition of all infants, including preterm newborns. Since its protein, mineral and energy contents are not suitable to meet the high needs of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants, HM should be fortified for these components. Fortification of HM is an important nutritional intervention in order to provide appropriate nutritional intake and appropriate growth. The standard fortification strategy has yielded inadequate protein intakes, resulting in slower growth as compared to preterm formulas. Improvement of outcomes depends on new fortification strategies, considering the large variability of HM composition. Individualized fortification, either targeted or adjustable, has been shown to be effective and practical in attaining adequate protein intakes and growth. Most commercially available multi-nutrient fortifiers and protein concentrates are derived from bovine ...

Research paper thumbnail of Olive oil: maternal and pediatric health

The new base of the pyramid that represents the Mediterranean Diet (MD) includes a balanced lifes... more The new base of the pyramid that represents the Mediterranean Diet (MD) includes a balanced lifestyle, healthy cooking methods, traditional, local and eco-friendly products, conviviality, physical activity with an adequate amount of rest, as well as caloric restriction and food frugality. Moreover, it has been confirmed that the main source of MD fat is Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO). EVOO is considered a key feature of the healthy properties of the MD, due to its fatty acid, vitamin and polyphenol composition. However, these components need to be bioavailable to allow EVOO to exert its nutraceutical properties, which include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antiviral and hypoglycemic properties, as well as protective effects on the heart and brain, and during pregnancy and breast feeding. The main phenolic components responsible for the nutraceutical properties of EVOO are hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and oleuropein. The adopted oil production and extraction te...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of stress-related parameters and intramural coronary arteriosclerosis in Lidia bulls and Piemontese oxen

Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate how different rearing systems (intensive or semi-extensive)... more The aim of this study was to evaluate how different rearing systems (intensive or semi-extensive) and sexual hormones could affect stress parameters and the development of stress-related intramural coronary arteriosclerosis in Lidia bulls (n ¼ 18) and Piemontese oxen (n ¼ 17). At slaughter, hearts were sampled and submitted to histological investigations in order to evaluate coronary arteriosclerosis. Blood and hair samples were also collected to measure d-ROMS and 20b-dihydrocortisol levels, respectively. No significant differences were recorded for serum levels of d-ROMS between Piemontese oxen and Lidia bulls. On the contrary, Lidia bulls presented higher levels of hair 20b-dihydrocortisol compared to Piemontese oxen (p ¼ .007). Arteriosclerosis was recorded in both the groups. In Lidia bulls, mild to moderate coronary arteriosclerosis was recorded in all the evaluated regions of the heart (right and left papillary muscle; interventricular septum; right and left ventricle free wall; right and left atrium). In Piemontese oxen, mild to severe coronary arteriosclerosis was observed, especially in the left papillary muscle. These results suggest that both cattle breed experienced stress during their rearing cycle. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of housing system and sexual hormones in the development of these subclinical vascular pathology. HIGHLIGHTS Rearing systems can affect animal welfare. Coronary arteriosclerosis, d-ROMS and hair 20b-dihydrocortisol levels can be affected by stress. Lidia bulls and Piemontese oxen experienced different levels of stress during their rearing cycle.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of hot air and infrared roasting on hazelnut allergenicity

Food Chemistry, 2021

Roasting is known to affect the protein profile and allergenicity of hazelnuts (Corylus avellana ... more Roasting is known to affect the protein profile and allergenicity of hazelnuts (Corylus avellana cv TGL). The aim of the study was to investigate whether roasting techniques based on different heat transfer methods (hot air and infrared), differently affect the protein solubility and the IgE-binding capacities of both the soluble and insoluble hazelnut protein fractions. The immune-reactivity of the Cor a 9, Cor a 11 and Cor a 14 allergens resulted to be stable after roasting at 140°C, for both types of treatment, while roasting at 170°C caused a reduction in IgEbinding, which was particularly noticeable after infrared processing, that led to an almost complete disappearance of allergenicity. Microscopical analyses showed that roasting caused cytoplasmic network disruption, with a loss of lipid compartmentalization, as well as an alteration of the structure of the protein bodies and of the cell wall organization.

Research paper thumbnail of Antimicrobial Potential of Food Lactic Acid Bacteria: Bioactive Peptide Decrypting from Caseins and Bacteriocin Production

Microorganisms, 2020

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) potential in the food industry and in the biotechnological sector is a... more Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) potential in the food industry and in the biotechnological sector is a well-established interest. LAB potential in counteracting especially food-borne infections has received growing attention, but despite being a road full of promises is yet poorly explored. Furthermore, the ability of LAB to produce antimicrobial compounds, both by ribosomal synthesis and by decrypting them from proteins, is of high value when considering the growing impact of multidrug resistant strains. The antimicrobial potential of 14 food-derived lactic acid bacteria strains has been investigated in this study. Among them, four strains were able to counteract Listeria monocytogenes growth: Lactococcus lactis SN12 and L. lactis SN17 by high lactic acid production, whereas L. lactis 41FLL3 and Lactobacillus sakei I151 by Nisin Z and Sakacin P production, respectively. Strains Lactococcus lactis MG1363, Lactobacillus rhamnosus 17D10 and Lactobacillus helveticus 4D5 were tested and sele...

Research paper thumbnail of Human Colostrum and Derived Extracellular Vesicles Prevent Infection by Human Rotavirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Vitro

Journal of Human Lactation, 2021

Background It is known that breastfeeding protects the infant from enteric and respiratory infect... more Background It is known that breastfeeding protects the infant from enteric and respiratory infections; however, the antiviral properties of human milk against enteric and respiratory viruses are largely unexplored. Research aims To explore the antiviral activity of human preterm colostrum against rotavirus and respiratory syncytial virus and to assess whether the derived extracellular vesicle contribute to this activity. Methods We used a cross-sectional, prospective two-group non-experimental design. Colostra were collected from mothers of preterm newborns ( N = 10) and extracellular vesicles were purified and characterized. The antiviral activity of colostra and derived extracellular vesicles were tested in vitro against rotavirus and respiratory syncytial virus and the step of viral replication inhibited by extracellular vesicles was investigated. Results Each sample of colostrum and colostrum-derived extracellular vesicles had significant antiviral activity with a wide interpers...