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Papers by laxman naik

The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of Pyridine-dicarboxylic acids (23, 24, 25, 26, 34, 35PDA) were rec... more The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of Pyridine-dicarboxylic acids (23, 24, 25, 26, 34, 35PDA) were recorded in the range 4000-450cm -1 and 4000-50cm -1 , respectively. A normal coordinate analysis was carried out for all the vibrations using 74-parameter modified valence force field by solving inverse vibrational problem (IVP) employing overlay least-squares technique. This reproduced 39 experimental frequencies of this molecule with an average error of 10.33 cm -1 in zero order calculations. PED and eigen vectors calculated in the process were used to make unambiguous vibrational assignments of all the fundamentals.

In this paper, various synthesis methods of zinc ferrites have been reviewed and the effect of th... more In this paper, various synthesis methods of zinc ferrites have been reviewed and the effect of the synthesis method and doping, on the structure and magnetic properties of zinc ferrites were studied. Ferrites have used extensively in different fields due to their higher magnetic strength and larger electrical resistance. Reduction in the size of these materials to the nanoscale has expanded their domain of applications. Zinc ferrites remain one of the widely studied materials because of their unique properties such as chemical and thermal stability, and the particle size dependence of magnetic properties. The synthesis procedures and precursor materials were decided the size, structure, shape, and magnetic strength of these materials. The magnetic properties of nano ferrites depend on the particle size and the preparation route.

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2021

In the present work, we reported the structural, electrical, and magnetic properties of erbium Er... more In the present work, we reported the structural, electrical, and magnetic properties of erbium Er3+-substituted Cu–Cd nano-ferrites with generalized formula Cu0.8Cd0.2ErxFe2−xO4 (where x = 0.000, 0.0010, 0.0015, 0.002, 0.0025, 0.003), as synthesized by the Citrate-Gel Auto-Combustion. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were carried out to investigate their microstructural and surface morphology. The XRD measurements confirm pure cubic spinel phase composition of these nanoparticles. The crystallite size ranges over 9.22–19.22 nm and it reduces with the increase in erbium Er3+ concentration from 0.000 to 0.003. The vibration properties were carried out by using FTIR spectrometer. The two probe measurements were used to determine DC resistivity, Curie temperature, and DC conductivity. The plot between DC electrical resistivity and temperature indicates the semiconductor behavior. At room temperature, the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was used to investigate magnetic properties, and the observed values revealed the ferrimagnetic behavior with high saturation magnetization (34.24 emu/g) and high coercivity (1121.70 Oe).

The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of 4-Methyl Picolinic acid (4MPA) was recorded in the range 4000-40... more The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of 4-Methyl Picolinic acid (4MPA) was recorded in the range 4000-400 cm-1 and 4000-50 cm-1. A normal coordinate analysis was carried out for all the vibrations of this molecule by solving inverse vibrational problem (IVP) using a 74-parameter modified valence force field employing overlay technique. This reproduced 45 observed frequencies of this molecule with an error of 10.23 cm-1 in the zero-order calculations. PED and eigen vectors calculated in the process were used to make unambiguous vibrational assignments of all the fundamentals.

AIP Conference Proceedings, 2018

Li-ion batteries to play even more important roles in hybrid electrical vehicles (HEVs), electric... more Li-ion batteries to play even more important roles in hybrid electrical vehicles (HEVs), electrical vehicles (EVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs), and smart grid systems area [1-3]. However, they currently fail in meeting the demands dictated by powering of large-scale storage systems for renewable energy sources. Hence, it is necessary to develop Li-ion batteries with higher energy densities. Cathode materials to play an important role among the components of Li-ion batteries to operate at high voltage and deliver high energy and high power densities. Lithium manganese borate (LiMnBO3) powders were synthesized by a sol-gel process. The structural coordination of LiMnBO3 was investigated by FTIR analysis. From X-ray diffraction patterns, confirms the formation of the nanocrystalline pure hexagonal isotypic phase of the LiMnBO3 at 650 oC. The observed SEM micrographs of the LiMnBO3 sample showed the formation of agglomerated spherical shape particle morphology of the LiMnBO3 sample...

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (ICMM-2019)

Samples of the type Cu 1-X Co x Fe 2 O 4 with x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 were prepared by DSCM (Double Sin... more Samples of the type Cu 1-X Co x Fe 2 O 4 with x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 were prepared by DSCM (Double Sintering Ceramic Method). A.C conductivity measurements were carried out at different frequencies up to 50 Hz-05 MHz at various temperatures from room temperature to about 673K. The A.C conductivity was measured by four probe method using Wanyekerr electronics high precession imp-dense analyzer (6500) model. The results showed that the conductivity increases with both temperature and frequency. At high temperatures the conductivity becomes frequency independent. So we conclude that the conductivity in these ferrites consists of two kinds of conduction mechanisms.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS: ICAM 2019

To study the effect of network modifier ZnO on the dielectric properties of the glass system with... more To study the effect of network modifier ZnO on the dielectric properties of the glass system with chemical composition x ZnO-(30-x) Li 2 O-10TeO 2-60B 2 O 3 (where x=0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mole %) was prepared through melt quenching technique. X-ray diffraction spectra of the prepared glasses reveal that no sharp peaks are found which indicates the amorphous nature of glass materials. The dielectric behaviour of the glasses has been studied with the help of AC conductivity measurements which are recorded from 30 o C-400 o C in the frequency range 5Hz-35M Hz on LCR meter. The AC conductivity data used to analyse real dielectric permittivity, loss tangent (tan δ) and activation energy (E a). Addition of ZnO into glass matrix causes the variation in the conductivity with the creation of non-bridging oxygens (NBOs) in the glass network. At lower temperatures the results of dielectric properties of the glass system did not exhibit good results. Tangent loss and dielectric permittivity decreased with increase of frequency. The activation energy (E a) values have been calculated from Arrhenius plots which are showing opposite behaviour to AC conductivity. The influence of density, on the results of dielectric properties has been discussed in the present investigation.

Indian Journal of Physics

Journal of Structural Chemistry

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2016

Ijca Proceedings on International Conference on Advances in Communication and Computing Technologies 2012, Apr 8, 2012

In recent years many organizations are trying to design an advanced computing environment to get ... more In recent years many organizations are trying to design an advanced computing environment to get the high performance. Also, the small academic institutions are wishing to develop an effective computing and digital communication environment. It creates problems in getting the required powerful hardware components and softwares because the high level servers and workstations are very expensive. It is not affordable to purchase the high level servers and workstations for the small academic institutions. In this paper we have proposed a low cost and scalable PC cluster system by using the Commodity off the Shelf Personal Computers and free open source softwares.

Journal of Molecular Structure, 2015

Optics and Photonics Journal, 2015

The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and FT-Raman spectra of 4-methyl-3-nitrobenzoic acid have b... more The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and FT-Raman spectra of 4-methyl-3-nitrobenzoic acid have been recorded in the range 4000-400 cm −1 and 3500-50 cm −1 , respectively. The optimized geometry of the molecule, its vibrational frequencies along with corresponding intensities have been computed using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) employing B3LYP/6-311++G basis set. The scaled values of harmonic vibrational frequencies obtained in the computations have been compared with their experimental counter parts. The scaling factors have been refined to reproduce the frequencies with an RMS error of 11.68 cm −1 between the experimental and computed frequencies. The theoretically constructed spectra agree satisfactorily with those of experimental spectra. First order hyperpolarizability constants have also been evaluated.

Journal of Structural Chemistry

Journal of materials …, 2010

Zinc sulphide (ZnS) and copper-doped zinc sul-phide nanocrystallites (ZnS:Cu) of average size 4 a... more Zinc sulphide (ZnS) and copper-doped zinc sul-phide nanocrystallites (ZnS:Cu) of average size 4 and 3 nm, respectively, have been synthesized by chemical precipita-tion method. Structural and morphological studies using X-ray and high resolution transmission electron ...

Journal of materials …, 2010

Zinc sulphide (ZnS) and copper-doped zinc sul-phide nanocrystallites (ZnS:Cu) of average size 4 a... more Zinc sulphide (ZnS) and copper-doped zinc sul-phide nanocrystallites (ZnS:Cu) of average size 4 and 3 nm, respectively, have been synthesized by chemical precipita-tion method. Structural and morphological studies using X-ray and high resolution transmission electron ...

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2008

Medium composition and culture conditions for the bleaching stable alkaline protease production b... more Medium composition and culture conditions for the bleaching stable alkaline protease production by Aspergillus clavatus ES1 were optimized. Two statistical methods were used. Plackett–Burman design was applied to find the key ingredients and conditions for the best yield. Response surface methodology (RSM) including full factorial design was used to determine the optimal concentrations and conditions. Results indicated that Mirabilis jalapa tubers powder (MJTP), culture temperature, and initial medium pH had significant effects on the production. Under the proposed optimized conditions, the protease experimental yield (770.66 U/ml) closely matched the yield predicted by the statistical model (749.94 U/ml) with R 2 = 0.98. The optimum operating conditions obtained from the RSM were MJTP concentration of 10 g/l, pH 8.0, and temperature of 30 °C, Sardinella heads and viscera flour (SHVF) and other salts were used at low level. The medium optimization contributed an about 14.0-fold higher yield than that of the unoptimized medium (starch 5 g/l, yeast extract 2 g/l, temperature 30 °C, and pH 6.0; 56 U/ml). More interestingly, the optimization was carried out with the by-product sources, which may result in cost–effective production of alkaline protease by the strain.

... W = SSS N = S and M = S Q. c c 22 11 ม 7 case (iv) A = SSS , = S , = S , then it follows that... more ... W = SSS N = S and M = S Q. c c 22 11 ม 7 case (iv) A = SSS , = S , = S , then it follows that 11 12 -1 c + ) W = SSS N = SP and M = S Q. c c 22 11 - - ม Note: This is the standard canonical correlation analysis when both Y and Z are quantitative variables. SAS Program ...

Procarbazine (C 12 H 19 N 3 O) is chemically known as N-(1-methylethyl)-4-[N′-(methylhydrazino) m... more Procarbazine (C 12 H 19 N 3 O) is chemically known as N-(1-methylethyl)-4-[N′-(methylhydrazino) methyl] benzamide. It is used as an anti-neoplastic agent. Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) and Fourier Transform Raman (FTR) spectra of procarbazine have been used for molecular investigation. A detailed vibrational analysis has been made on the fundamental modes of vibration. A normal coordinate analysis (NCA) has been carried out on procarbazine using the Wilson's F-G matrix method. A set of potential constants has been evaluated using the method of kinetic constants on the basis of C S point group symmetry. The methyl groups are considered as point masses for simplicity. To check whether the chosen set of vibrational frequencies contributes maximum to the potential energy associated with the normal coordinates of the molecule, potential energy distribution (PED) has been evaluated.

The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of Pyridine-dicarboxylic acids (23, 24, 25, 26, 34, 35PDA) were rec... more The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of Pyridine-dicarboxylic acids (23, 24, 25, 26, 34, 35PDA) were recorded in the range 4000-450cm -1 and 4000-50cm -1 , respectively. A normal coordinate analysis was carried out for all the vibrations using 74-parameter modified valence force field by solving inverse vibrational problem (IVP) employing overlay least-squares technique. This reproduced 39 experimental frequencies of this molecule with an average error of 10.33 cm -1 in zero order calculations. PED and eigen vectors calculated in the process were used to make unambiguous vibrational assignments of all the fundamentals.

In this paper, various synthesis methods of zinc ferrites have been reviewed and the effect of th... more In this paper, various synthesis methods of zinc ferrites have been reviewed and the effect of the synthesis method and doping, on the structure and magnetic properties of zinc ferrites were studied. Ferrites have used extensively in different fields due to their higher magnetic strength and larger electrical resistance. Reduction in the size of these materials to the nanoscale has expanded their domain of applications. Zinc ferrites remain one of the widely studied materials because of their unique properties such as chemical and thermal stability, and the particle size dependence of magnetic properties. The synthesis procedures and precursor materials were decided the size, structure, shape, and magnetic strength of these materials. The magnetic properties of nano ferrites depend on the particle size and the preparation route.

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2021

In the present work, we reported the structural, electrical, and magnetic properties of erbium Er... more In the present work, we reported the structural, electrical, and magnetic properties of erbium Er3+-substituted Cu–Cd nano-ferrites with generalized formula Cu0.8Cd0.2ErxFe2−xO4 (where x = 0.000, 0.0010, 0.0015, 0.002, 0.0025, 0.003), as synthesized by the Citrate-Gel Auto-Combustion. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were carried out to investigate their microstructural and surface morphology. The XRD measurements confirm pure cubic spinel phase composition of these nanoparticles. The crystallite size ranges over 9.22–19.22 nm and it reduces with the increase in erbium Er3+ concentration from 0.000 to 0.003. The vibration properties were carried out by using FTIR spectrometer. The two probe measurements were used to determine DC resistivity, Curie temperature, and DC conductivity. The plot between DC electrical resistivity and temperature indicates the semiconductor behavior. At room temperature, the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was used to investigate magnetic properties, and the observed values revealed the ferrimagnetic behavior with high saturation magnetization (34.24 emu/g) and high coercivity (1121.70 Oe).

The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of 4-Methyl Picolinic acid (4MPA) was recorded in the range 4000-40... more The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of 4-Methyl Picolinic acid (4MPA) was recorded in the range 4000-400 cm-1 and 4000-50 cm-1. A normal coordinate analysis was carried out for all the vibrations of this molecule by solving inverse vibrational problem (IVP) using a 74-parameter modified valence force field employing overlay technique. This reproduced 45 observed frequencies of this molecule with an error of 10.23 cm-1 in the zero-order calculations. PED and eigen vectors calculated in the process were used to make unambiguous vibrational assignments of all the fundamentals.

AIP Conference Proceedings, 2018

Li-ion batteries to play even more important roles in hybrid electrical vehicles (HEVs), electric... more Li-ion batteries to play even more important roles in hybrid electrical vehicles (HEVs), electrical vehicles (EVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs), and smart grid systems area [1-3]. However, they currently fail in meeting the demands dictated by powering of large-scale storage systems for renewable energy sources. Hence, it is necessary to develop Li-ion batteries with higher energy densities. Cathode materials to play an important role among the components of Li-ion batteries to operate at high voltage and deliver high energy and high power densities. Lithium manganese borate (LiMnBO3) powders were synthesized by a sol-gel process. The structural coordination of LiMnBO3 was investigated by FTIR analysis. From X-ray diffraction patterns, confirms the formation of the nanocrystalline pure hexagonal isotypic phase of the LiMnBO3 at 650 oC. The observed SEM micrographs of the LiMnBO3 sample showed the formation of agglomerated spherical shape particle morphology of the LiMnBO3 sample...

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (ICMM-2019)

Samples of the type Cu 1-X Co x Fe 2 O 4 with x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 were prepared by DSCM (Double Sin... more Samples of the type Cu 1-X Co x Fe 2 O 4 with x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 were prepared by DSCM (Double Sintering Ceramic Method). A.C conductivity measurements were carried out at different frequencies up to 50 Hz-05 MHz at various temperatures from room temperature to about 673K. The A.C conductivity was measured by four probe method using Wanyekerr electronics high precession imp-dense analyzer (6500) model. The results showed that the conductivity increases with both temperature and frequency. At high temperatures the conductivity becomes frequency independent. So we conclude that the conductivity in these ferrites consists of two kinds of conduction mechanisms.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS: ICAM 2019

To study the effect of network modifier ZnO on the dielectric properties of the glass system with... more To study the effect of network modifier ZnO on the dielectric properties of the glass system with chemical composition x ZnO-(30-x) Li 2 O-10TeO 2-60B 2 O 3 (where x=0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mole %) was prepared through melt quenching technique. X-ray diffraction spectra of the prepared glasses reveal that no sharp peaks are found which indicates the amorphous nature of glass materials. The dielectric behaviour of the glasses has been studied with the help of AC conductivity measurements which are recorded from 30 o C-400 o C in the frequency range 5Hz-35M Hz on LCR meter. The AC conductivity data used to analyse real dielectric permittivity, loss tangent (tan δ) and activation energy (E a). Addition of ZnO into glass matrix causes the variation in the conductivity with the creation of non-bridging oxygens (NBOs) in the glass network. At lower temperatures the results of dielectric properties of the glass system did not exhibit good results. Tangent loss and dielectric permittivity decreased with increase of frequency. The activation energy (E a) values have been calculated from Arrhenius plots which are showing opposite behaviour to AC conductivity. The influence of density, on the results of dielectric properties has been discussed in the present investigation.

Indian Journal of Physics

Journal of Structural Chemistry

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2016

Ijca Proceedings on International Conference on Advances in Communication and Computing Technologies 2012, Apr 8, 2012

In recent years many organizations are trying to design an advanced computing environment to get ... more In recent years many organizations are trying to design an advanced computing environment to get the high performance. Also, the small academic institutions are wishing to develop an effective computing and digital communication environment. It creates problems in getting the required powerful hardware components and softwares because the high level servers and workstations are very expensive. It is not affordable to purchase the high level servers and workstations for the small academic institutions. In this paper we have proposed a low cost and scalable PC cluster system by using the Commodity off the Shelf Personal Computers and free open source softwares.

Journal of Molecular Structure, 2015

Optics and Photonics Journal, 2015

The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and FT-Raman spectra of 4-methyl-3-nitrobenzoic acid have b... more The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and FT-Raman spectra of 4-methyl-3-nitrobenzoic acid have been recorded in the range 4000-400 cm −1 and 3500-50 cm −1 , respectively. The optimized geometry of the molecule, its vibrational frequencies along with corresponding intensities have been computed using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) employing B3LYP/6-311++G basis set. The scaled values of harmonic vibrational frequencies obtained in the computations have been compared with their experimental counter parts. The scaling factors have been refined to reproduce the frequencies with an RMS error of 11.68 cm −1 between the experimental and computed frequencies. The theoretically constructed spectra agree satisfactorily with those of experimental spectra. First order hyperpolarizability constants have also been evaluated.

Journal of Structural Chemistry

Journal of materials …, 2010

Zinc sulphide (ZnS) and copper-doped zinc sul-phide nanocrystallites (ZnS:Cu) of average size 4 a... more Zinc sulphide (ZnS) and copper-doped zinc sul-phide nanocrystallites (ZnS:Cu) of average size 4 and 3 nm, respectively, have been synthesized by chemical precipita-tion method. Structural and morphological studies using X-ray and high resolution transmission electron ...

Journal of materials …, 2010

Zinc sulphide (ZnS) and copper-doped zinc sul-phide nanocrystallites (ZnS:Cu) of average size 4 a... more Zinc sulphide (ZnS) and copper-doped zinc sul-phide nanocrystallites (ZnS:Cu) of average size 4 and 3 nm, respectively, have been synthesized by chemical precipita-tion method. Structural and morphological studies using X-ray and high resolution transmission electron ...

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2008

Medium composition and culture conditions for the bleaching stable alkaline protease production b... more Medium composition and culture conditions for the bleaching stable alkaline protease production by Aspergillus clavatus ES1 were optimized. Two statistical methods were used. Plackett–Burman design was applied to find the key ingredients and conditions for the best yield. Response surface methodology (RSM) including full factorial design was used to determine the optimal concentrations and conditions. Results indicated that Mirabilis jalapa tubers powder (MJTP), culture temperature, and initial medium pH had significant effects on the production. Under the proposed optimized conditions, the protease experimental yield (770.66 U/ml) closely matched the yield predicted by the statistical model (749.94 U/ml) with R 2 = 0.98. The optimum operating conditions obtained from the RSM were MJTP concentration of 10 g/l, pH 8.0, and temperature of 30 °C, Sardinella heads and viscera flour (SHVF) and other salts were used at low level. The medium optimization contributed an about 14.0-fold higher yield than that of the unoptimized medium (starch 5 g/l, yeast extract 2 g/l, temperature 30 °C, and pH 6.0; 56 U/ml). More interestingly, the optimization was carried out with the by-product sources, which may result in cost–effective production of alkaline protease by the strain.

... W = SSS N = S and M = S Q. c c 22 11 ม 7 case (iv) A = SSS , = S , = S , then it follows that... more ... W = SSS N = S and M = S Q. c c 22 11 ม 7 case (iv) A = SSS , = S , = S , then it follows that 11 12 -1 c + ) W = SSS N = SP and M = S Q. c c 22 11 - - ม Note: This is the standard canonical correlation analysis when both Y and Z are quantitative variables. SAS Program ...

Procarbazine (C 12 H 19 N 3 O) is chemically known as N-(1-methylethyl)-4-[N′-(methylhydrazino) m... more Procarbazine (C 12 H 19 N 3 O) is chemically known as N-(1-methylethyl)-4-[N′-(methylhydrazino) methyl] benzamide. It is used as an anti-neoplastic agent. Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) and Fourier Transform Raman (FTR) spectra of procarbazine have been used for molecular investigation. A detailed vibrational analysis has been made on the fundamental modes of vibration. A normal coordinate analysis (NCA) has been carried out on procarbazine using the Wilson's F-G matrix method. A set of potential constants has been evaluated using the method of kinetic constants on the basis of C S point group symmetry. The methyl groups are considered as point masses for simplicity. To check whether the chosen set of vibrational frequencies contributes maximum to the potential energy associated with the normal coordinates of the molecule, potential energy distribution (PED) has been evaluated.