Paul lehrer - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Paul lehrer

Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback

Previous research suggests that implicit automatic emotion regulation relies on the medial prefro... more Previous research suggests that implicit automatic emotion regulation relies on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). However, most of the human studies supporting this hypothesis have been correlational in nature. In the current study, we examine how changes in mPFC-left amygdala functional connectivity relate to emotional memory biases. In a randomized clinical trial examining the effects of heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback on brain mechanisms of emotion regulation, we randomly assigned participants to increase or decrease heart rate oscillations while receiving biofeedback. After several weeks of daily biofeedback sessions, younger and older participants completed an emotional picture memory task involving encoding, recall, and recognition phases as an additional measure in this clinical trial. Participants assigned to increase HRV (Osc+) (n = 84) showed a relatively higher rate of false alarms for positive than negative images than participants assigned to decrease HRV (O...

バイオフィードバック研究, Oct 25, 2007

バイオフィードバック研究, Apr 25, 2009

Biological Psychology, 2021

In a secondary analysis of data from a prior study, we calculated the relationships among depress... more In a secondary analysis of data from a prior study, we calculated the relationships among depression (PHQ-8), anxiety (GAD-7), and measures of asthma in 69 steroid-naïve patients with mild and moderate symptomatic asthma. Average levels of pulmonary function, depression and anxiety tended to be in the normal range, and asthma tended to be well controlled (Asthma Control Test). Nevertheless, PHQ-8 scores were significantly correlated with forced oscillation (FO) measures of airway reactance (AX) and resistance at a low frequency of stimulation (Rrs5Hz). GAD-7 scores also were significantly related to Rrs5Hz. Exploratory analyses in supplementary data provide no evidence for vagal mediation of the association. Further research is necessary to discover mechanisms for the associations found here. Future studies might examine the utility of assessing and treating mild anxiety and depression in mild to moderate asthma.

Behavioral Assessment, 1982

Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 1998

Asthma is a common disease whose morbidity and mortality are rapidly increasing. Panic disorder i... more Asthma is a common disease whose morbidity and mortality are rapidly increasing. Panic disorder is common in asthma. Panic, other negative emotions, and a passive coping orientation may affect asthma by producing hyperventilation, increased general autonomic lability, a specific pattern of autonomic arousal that may cause bronchoconstriction, and/or detrimental effects on health care behaviors. Generalized panic is a risk factor

Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 2000

This multiple case study describes pulmonary function changes in 20 asthmatic children from 30 co... more This multiple case study describes pulmonary function changes in 20 asthmatic children from 30 consecutive cases undergoing biofeedback training for increasing the amplitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). The Smetankin protocol was used, which, in addition to RSA biofeedback, includes instructions in relaxed abdominal pursed-lips breathing. Ten individuals were excluded, including 6 who had been taking asthma medication, 2 who

Behavioral and Psychological Approaches to Breathing Disorders, 1994

Respiratory changes are consistently found during the practice of almost all relaxation technique... more Respiratory changes are consistently found during the practice of almost all relaxation techniques and specific manipulation of respiratory activity is employed in many of them. The purpose of this chapter is to review several Western relaxation techniques, and to describe the involvement of the respiratory system in each.

Handbook of Mind-Body Medicine for Primary Care

Encyclopedia of Health and Behavior Encyclopedia of health and behavior

Clinical Pulmonary Medicine, 2000

Functional Respiratory Disorders, 2012

Many asthma sufferers refuse to take prescribed levels of asthma medication, because of their con... more Many asthma sufferers refuse to take prescribed levels of asthma medication, because of their concerns about its costs and possible side effects, and turn instead to various herbal and mind-body treatments. Biofeedback is one of the better documented of these approaches. Biofeedback involves using information from various electrophysiological measures as a means of exercising voluntary control over the measured functions. This chapter reviews several biofeedback approaches, including biofeedback training to reduce respiratory resistance, surface electromyographic biofeedback to achieve relaxation of the skeletal muscles of the face, neurofeedback to control electroencephalographic activity, and heart rate variability biofeedback to increase respiratory sinus arrhythmia. The best documented effects are for heart rate variability biofeedback, wherein people learn to breathe at a particular slow frequency for each individual that is the resonance frequency of the cardiovascular system. This technique has large autonomic and psychological effects, which produce increases in baroreflex gain, modulation of blood pressure, and decreases in anxiety and depression. There is evidence that it also produces both acute and chronic decreases in airway resistance in asthma patients, and in one well-controlled single blind study, it appeared to have 100% effectiveness in preventing asthma exacerbations requiring increased doses of controller medications. Symptoms, medication consumption, and airway resistance all decreased, with fewer exacerbations. However, the mechanism of action is still poorly understood.

Biofeedback, 2011

This last year fund raising efforts were very successful. Several lines of raising funds were uti... more This last year fund raising efforts were very successful. Several lines of raising funds were utilized. As in the past, individuals gave to The Foundation when they renewed their memberships, and as in the past, members were very generous. The foundation also received a sizable contribution from a state society that dissolved its incorporation.

Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews, 1987

Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1992

Thirty-three asthmatic subjects were told they were receiving, alternately, an inhaled bronchocon... more Thirty-three asthmatic subjects were told they were receiving, alternately, an inhaled bronchoconstrictor and inhaled bronchodilator, although they actually were only breathing room air. No subjects showed suggestion-produced effects on FEV1, although two (of the 19 on whom FEF50 was measured) showed effects of greater than 20% on measures of maximal midexpiratory flow. The incidence of the effect is smaller than reported previously, possibly because some subjects in previous studies inhaled saline, a mild bronchoconstrictor, and reversal of effect was not required for classification as a reactor. Higher percentages of subjects in this study showed decreased MMEF in response to the 'bronchoconstrictor', but this appeared to reflect fatigue rather than suggestion effects. However, the fact that the effect occurred in a relatively non-eflbrt-dependent measure suggests that real changes occurred in bronchial caliber, not just in test effort. Suggestion had a significant effect on perception of bronchial changes, but the correlation between actual and perceived changes was minimal. There was an increase in FVC prior to administration of the 'bronchoconstrictor', possibly reflecting a preparatory response to the expected drug. Correlations among self-report variables suggested the existence of three personality dimensions among our population related to suggestion and asthma: cognitive susceptibility to suggestion of bronchial change; feeling of physical vulnerability; and anxiety. However, there was no significant relationship between airway response to suggested changes and hypnotic susceptibility, as measured by the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility.

Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback - APPL PSYCHOPHYSIOL BIOFEEDBAC, 2003

In this study respiratory rates of 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 breaths per minute were employed to... more In this study respiratory rates of 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 breaths per minute were employed to investigate the effects of these rates on heart rate variability (HRV). Data were collected 16 times at each respiratory rate on 3 female volunteers, and 12 times on 2 female volunteers. Although mean heart rates did not differ among these respiratory rates, respiratory-induced trough heart rates at 4 and 6 breaths per minute were significantly lower than those at 14 breaths per minute. Slower respiratory rates usually produced higher amplitudes of HRV than did faster respiratory rates. However, the highest amplitudes were at 4 breaths per minute. HRV amplitude decreased at 3 breaths per minute. The results are interpreted as reflecting the possible effects of the slow rate of acetylcholine metabolism and the effect of negative resonance at 3 cycles per minute.