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Papers by leidy garcia martinez

Research paper thumbnail of Sedimentos Urbanos: Ambiente e Água

Holos Environment, 2011

Os sedimentos urbanos são considerados, atualmente, como a maior fonte de poluição difusa para os... more Os sedimentos urbanos são considerados, atualmente, como a maior fonte de poluição difusa para os corpos de água em áreas urbanas devido ao transporte de metais pesados e outros poluentes. Metais pesados são considerados potencialmente perigosos devido ao seu potencial tóxico e bio-acumulativo, ainda que em pequenas concentrações. A dinâmica do processo de transporte de metais pelos sedimentos é bastante complexa e está sujeita a variáveis, tais como a distribuição granulométrica de partículas de sedimentos, a origem e suas fontes potenciais, além do tipo e ocupação da bacia hidrográfica. Por isso, é necessário entender os processos envolvidos na origem-transporte-deposição dos sedimentos em ambientes urbanos para poder caracterizar (quantidade e qualidade) essas cargas de poluentes que aportam nos corpos de água. Estes tipos de informações podem ser utilizados como uma forma de suporte para a concepção de projetos sustentáveis de drenagem urbana, que permitam minimizar a degradação...

Research paper thumbnail of Distribuição de poluição difusa por sedimentos urbanos em áreas impermeáveis em Porto Alegre

Research paper thumbnail of Distribución de cadmio por sedimentos urbanos en áreas impermeables de Porto Alegre (Brasil)

Research paper thumbnail of Lead Distribution by Urban Sediments on Impermeable Areas of Porto Alegre – RS, Brazil

Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering, 2010

Heavy metals, like lead (Pb), are subproducts of industrial activities; however, in recent years,... more Heavy metals, like lead (Pb), are subproducts of industrial activities; however, in recent years, studies have shown that even in non-industrial areas, elevated concentrations of this element have been found. In this study, Pb concentrations were measured in 20 composite samples of urban sediments collected in an urban watershed of 4.85 km² with three types of soil use (commercial/residential, commercial and industrial) in the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Concentrations were determined by acid digestion (EPA 3050) of the 209 µm, 150 µm, 90 µm, 63 µm and 45 µm fractions followed by atomic emission spectrophotometry with inductively coupled plasma. Average values of 178.1 µg.g -1 (± 332); 226.5 µg.g -1 (± 500); 245.2 µg.g -1 (± 454.1); 272.4 µg.g -1 (± 497.3) and 251.5 µg.g -1 (± 322.6) were obtained in the 209, 150, 90, 63 and 45 µm fractions, respectively. Concentrations of the metals studied were interpolated and represented geographically using Idrisi © Andes. Results show that the greatest concentrations are located in the commercial part of the study area, characterized as presenting high vehicle flow most of the day, with this being considered a potential source of lead. All concentrations were above that of the local background. Studies of this type are important because they make the establishment of control targets possible within sustainable management of water resources, allowing inferences regarding future pollution scenarios of local water resources.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of diffuse pollution associated with metals in urban sediments using the geoaccumulation index (Igeo)

Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2014

Purpose This study investigated the behavior of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Z... more Purpose This study investigated the behavior of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) in urban sediments collected in commercial, residential, and industrial areas of the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, and evaluated different degrees of pollution in this urban subdrainage basin through the use of the geoaccumulation index (I geo ). Materials and methods Concentrations of Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn were analyzed using acid digestion (EPA method 3050) in fractions <63 μm in 20 composite samples of urban sediment collected using a portable vacuum in 20 different sampling points on roads from three areas with diverse use: commercial, industrial, and residential. Results and discussion The values of I geo were commercial area (3.35, Zn; 3.76, Cd; 3.60, Ni; 2.63, Pb) > residential area (3.34, Zn; 3.36, Cd; 2.94, Ni; 1.46, Pb) > industrial area (2.74, Zn; 1.78, Cd; 3.01, Ni; 1.45, Pb), indicating that the sediment was "highly contaminated" in the case of Zn and Ni, while for Cd, it was "moderately to highly contaminated," and for Pb, it was "moderately contaminated." The pollution is associated with traffic flow in all areas. Conclusions Research should be increased to make urban systems more sustainable, reducing their pollution potential and minimizing the delivery of potentially polluting particles into freshwater bodies. The I geo allows for the determination of a simple index of diffuse pollution state associated with urban sediments.

Research paper thumbnail of Sedimentos Urbanos: Ambiente e Água

Holos Environment, 2011

Os sedimentos urbanos são considerados, atualmente, como a maior fonte de poluição difusa para os... more Os sedimentos urbanos são considerados, atualmente, como a maior fonte de poluição difusa para os corpos de água em áreas urbanas devido ao transporte de metais pesados e outros poluentes. Metais pesados são considerados potencialmente perigosos devido ao seu potencial tóxico e bio-acumulativo, ainda que em pequenas concentrações. A dinâmica do processo de transporte de metais pelos sedimentos é bastante complexa e está sujeita a variáveis, tais como a distribuição granulométrica de partículas de sedimentos, a origem e suas fontes potenciais, além do tipo e ocupação da bacia hidrográfica. Por isso, é necessário entender os processos envolvidos na origem-transporte-deposição dos sedimentos em ambientes urbanos para poder caracterizar (quantidade e qualidade) essas cargas de poluentes que aportam nos corpos de água. Estes tipos de informações podem ser utilizados como uma forma de suporte para a concepção de projetos sustentáveis de drenagem urbana, que permitam minimizar a degradação...

Research paper thumbnail of Distribuição de poluição difusa por sedimentos urbanos em áreas impermeáveis em Porto Alegre

Research paper thumbnail of Distribución de cadmio por sedimentos urbanos en áreas impermeables de Porto Alegre (Brasil)

Research paper thumbnail of Lead Distribution by Urban Sediments on Impermeable Areas of Porto Alegre – RS, Brazil

Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering, 2010

Heavy metals, like lead (Pb), are subproducts of industrial activities; however, in recent years,... more Heavy metals, like lead (Pb), are subproducts of industrial activities; however, in recent years, studies have shown that even in non-industrial areas, elevated concentrations of this element have been found. In this study, Pb concentrations were measured in 20 composite samples of urban sediments collected in an urban watershed of 4.85 km² with three types of soil use (commercial/residential, commercial and industrial) in the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Concentrations were determined by acid digestion (EPA 3050) of the 209 µm, 150 µm, 90 µm, 63 µm and 45 µm fractions followed by atomic emission spectrophotometry with inductively coupled plasma. Average values of 178.1 µg.g -1 (± 332); 226.5 µg.g -1 (± 500); 245.2 µg.g -1 (± 454.1); 272.4 µg.g -1 (± 497.3) and 251.5 µg.g -1 (± 322.6) were obtained in the 209, 150, 90, 63 and 45 µm fractions, respectively. Concentrations of the metals studied were interpolated and represented geographically using Idrisi © Andes. Results show that the greatest concentrations are located in the commercial part of the study area, characterized as presenting high vehicle flow most of the day, with this being considered a potential source of lead. All concentrations were above that of the local background. Studies of this type are important because they make the establishment of control targets possible within sustainable management of water resources, allowing inferences regarding future pollution scenarios of local water resources.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of diffuse pollution associated with metals in urban sediments using the geoaccumulation index (Igeo)

Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2014

Purpose This study investigated the behavior of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Z... more Purpose This study investigated the behavior of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) in urban sediments collected in commercial, residential, and industrial areas of the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, and evaluated different degrees of pollution in this urban subdrainage basin through the use of the geoaccumulation index (I geo ). Materials and methods Concentrations of Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn were analyzed using acid digestion (EPA method 3050) in fractions <63 μm in 20 composite samples of urban sediment collected using a portable vacuum in 20 different sampling points on roads from three areas with diverse use: commercial, industrial, and residential. Results and discussion The values of I geo were commercial area (3.35, Zn; 3.76, Cd; 3.60, Ni; 2.63, Pb) > residential area (3.34, Zn; 3.36, Cd; 2.94, Ni; 1.46, Pb) > industrial area (2.74, Zn; 1.78, Cd; 3.01, Ni; 1.45, Pb), indicating that the sediment was "highly contaminated" in the case of Zn and Ni, while for Cd, it was "moderately to highly contaminated," and for Pb, it was "moderately contaminated." The pollution is associated with traffic flow in all areas. Conclusions Research should be increased to make urban systems more sustainable, reducing their pollution potential and minimizing the delivery of potentially polluting particles into freshwater bodies. The I geo allows for the determination of a simple index of diffuse pollution state associated with urban sediments.

Research paper thumbnail of Sedimentos Urbanos: Ambiente e Água

Holos Environment, 2011

Os sedimentos urbanos são considerados, atualmente, como a maior fonte de poluição difusa para os... more Os sedimentos urbanos são considerados, atualmente, como a maior fonte de poluição difusa para os corpos de água em áreas urbanas devido ao transporte de metais pesados e outros poluentes. Metais pesados são considerados potencialmente perigosos devido ao seu potencial tóxico e bio-acumulativo, ainda que em pequenas concentrações. A dinâmica do processo de transporte de metais pelos sedimentos é bastante complexa e está sujeita a variáveis, tais como a distribuição granulométrica de partículas de sedimentos, a origem e suas fontes potenciais, além do tipo e ocupação da bacia hidrográfica. Por isso, é necessário entender os processos envolvidos na origem-transporte-deposição dos sedimentos em ambientes urbanos para poder caracterizar (quantidade e qualidade) essas cargas de poluentes que aportam nos corpos de água. Estes tipos de informações podem ser utilizados como uma forma de suporte para a concepção de projetos sustentáveis de drenagem urbana, que permitam minimizar a degradação...

Research paper thumbnail of Distribuição de poluição difusa por sedimentos urbanos em áreas impermeáveis em Porto Alegre

Research paper thumbnail of Distribución de cadmio por sedimentos urbanos en áreas impermeables de Porto Alegre (Brasil)

Research paper thumbnail of Lead Distribution by Urban Sediments on Impermeable Areas of Porto Alegre – RS, Brazil

Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering, 2010

Heavy metals, like lead (Pb), are subproducts of industrial activities; however, in recent years,... more Heavy metals, like lead (Pb), are subproducts of industrial activities; however, in recent years, studies have shown that even in non-industrial areas, elevated concentrations of this element have been found. In this study, Pb concentrations were measured in 20 composite samples of urban sediments collected in an urban watershed of 4.85 km² with three types of soil use (commercial/residential, commercial and industrial) in the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Concentrations were determined by acid digestion (EPA 3050) of the 209 µm, 150 µm, 90 µm, 63 µm and 45 µm fractions followed by atomic emission spectrophotometry with inductively coupled plasma. Average values of 178.1 µg.g -1 (± 332); 226.5 µg.g -1 (± 500); 245.2 µg.g -1 (± 454.1); 272.4 µg.g -1 (± 497.3) and 251.5 µg.g -1 (± 322.6) were obtained in the 209, 150, 90, 63 and 45 µm fractions, respectively. Concentrations of the metals studied were interpolated and represented geographically using Idrisi © Andes. Results show that the greatest concentrations are located in the commercial part of the study area, characterized as presenting high vehicle flow most of the day, with this being considered a potential source of lead. All concentrations were above that of the local background. Studies of this type are important because they make the establishment of control targets possible within sustainable management of water resources, allowing inferences regarding future pollution scenarios of local water resources.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of diffuse pollution associated with metals in urban sediments using the geoaccumulation index (Igeo)

Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2014

Purpose This study investigated the behavior of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Z... more Purpose This study investigated the behavior of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) in urban sediments collected in commercial, residential, and industrial areas of the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, and evaluated different degrees of pollution in this urban subdrainage basin through the use of the geoaccumulation index (I geo ). Materials and methods Concentrations of Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn were analyzed using acid digestion (EPA method 3050) in fractions <63 μm in 20 composite samples of urban sediment collected using a portable vacuum in 20 different sampling points on roads from three areas with diverse use: commercial, industrial, and residential. Results and discussion The values of I geo were commercial area (3.35, Zn; 3.76, Cd; 3.60, Ni; 2.63, Pb) > residential area (3.34, Zn; 3.36, Cd; 2.94, Ni; 1.46, Pb) > industrial area (2.74, Zn; 1.78, Cd; 3.01, Ni; 1.45, Pb), indicating that the sediment was "highly contaminated" in the case of Zn and Ni, while for Cd, it was "moderately to highly contaminated," and for Pb, it was "moderately contaminated." The pollution is associated with traffic flow in all areas. Conclusions Research should be increased to make urban systems more sustainable, reducing their pollution potential and minimizing the delivery of potentially polluting particles into freshwater bodies. The I geo allows for the determination of a simple index of diffuse pollution state associated with urban sediments.

Research paper thumbnail of Sedimentos Urbanos: Ambiente e Água

Holos Environment, 2011

Os sedimentos urbanos são considerados, atualmente, como a maior fonte de poluição difusa para os... more Os sedimentos urbanos são considerados, atualmente, como a maior fonte de poluição difusa para os corpos de água em áreas urbanas devido ao transporte de metais pesados e outros poluentes. Metais pesados são considerados potencialmente perigosos devido ao seu potencial tóxico e bio-acumulativo, ainda que em pequenas concentrações. A dinâmica do processo de transporte de metais pelos sedimentos é bastante complexa e está sujeita a variáveis, tais como a distribuição granulométrica de partículas de sedimentos, a origem e suas fontes potenciais, além do tipo e ocupação da bacia hidrográfica. Por isso, é necessário entender os processos envolvidos na origem-transporte-deposição dos sedimentos em ambientes urbanos para poder caracterizar (quantidade e qualidade) essas cargas de poluentes que aportam nos corpos de água. Estes tipos de informações podem ser utilizados como uma forma de suporte para a concepção de projetos sustentáveis de drenagem urbana, que permitam minimizar a degradação...

Research paper thumbnail of Distribuição de poluição difusa por sedimentos urbanos em áreas impermeáveis em Porto Alegre

Research paper thumbnail of Distribución de cadmio por sedimentos urbanos en áreas impermeables de Porto Alegre (Brasil)

Research paper thumbnail of Lead Distribution by Urban Sediments on Impermeable Areas of Porto Alegre – RS, Brazil

Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering, 2010

Heavy metals, like lead (Pb), are subproducts of industrial activities; however, in recent years,... more Heavy metals, like lead (Pb), are subproducts of industrial activities; however, in recent years, studies have shown that even in non-industrial areas, elevated concentrations of this element have been found. In this study, Pb concentrations were measured in 20 composite samples of urban sediments collected in an urban watershed of 4.85 km² with three types of soil use (commercial/residential, commercial and industrial) in the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Concentrations were determined by acid digestion (EPA 3050) of the 209 µm, 150 µm, 90 µm, 63 µm and 45 µm fractions followed by atomic emission spectrophotometry with inductively coupled plasma. Average values of 178.1 µg.g -1 (± 332); 226.5 µg.g -1 (± 500); 245.2 µg.g -1 (± 454.1); 272.4 µg.g -1 (± 497.3) and 251.5 µg.g -1 (± 322.6) were obtained in the 209, 150, 90, 63 and 45 µm fractions, respectively. Concentrations of the metals studied were interpolated and represented geographically using Idrisi © Andes. Results show that the greatest concentrations are located in the commercial part of the study area, characterized as presenting high vehicle flow most of the day, with this being considered a potential source of lead. All concentrations were above that of the local background. Studies of this type are important because they make the establishment of control targets possible within sustainable management of water resources, allowing inferences regarding future pollution scenarios of local water resources.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of diffuse pollution associated with metals in urban sediments using the geoaccumulation index (Igeo)

Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2014

Purpose This study investigated the behavior of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Z... more Purpose This study investigated the behavior of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) in urban sediments collected in commercial, residential, and industrial areas of the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, and evaluated different degrees of pollution in this urban subdrainage basin through the use of the geoaccumulation index (I geo ). Materials and methods Concentrations of Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn were analyzed using acid digestion (EPA method 3050) in fractions <63 μm in 20 composite samples of urban sediment collected using a portable vacuum in 20 different sampling points on roads from three areas with diverse use: commercial, industrial, and residential. Results and discussion The values of I geo were commercial area (3.35, Zn; 3.76, Cd; 3.60, Ni; 2.63, Pb) > residential area (3.34, Zn; 3.36, Cd; 2.94, Ni; 1.46, Pb) > industrial area (2.74, Zn; 1.78, Cd; 3.01, Ni; 1.45, Pb), indicating that the sediment was "highly contaminated" in the case of Zn and Ni, while for Cd, it was "moderately to highly contaminated," and for Pb, it was "moderately contaminated." The pollution is associated with traffic flow in all areas. Conclusions Research should be increased to make urban systems more sustainable, reducing their pollution potential and minimizing the delivery of potentially polluting particles into freshwater bodies. The I geo allows for the determination of a simple index of diffuse pollution state associated with urban sediments.