ludo peeters - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by ludo peeters

Het vertrek van Ford Genk heeft nogmaals aangetoond hoe broos onze economische welvaart is. Door ... more Het vertrek van Ford Genk heeft nogmaals aangetoond hoe broos onze economische welvaart is. Door de fabriekssluiting worden niet alleen de Ford-werknemers zwaar getroffen; ook de werknemers bij de talrijke toeleveranciers delen in de klappen. In deze studie proberen we een zicht te krijgen op de economische impact van de sluiting van Ford Genk op Limburg én Vlaanderen. Met andere woorden: hoe diep is de economische put die wordt gegraven door de fabriekssluiting? We maken een vertaling van de sluiting van Ford Genk in termen van verlies aan omzet, banen (arbeidsplaatsen), welvaart (bruto toegevoegde waarde) en koopkracht (consumptieve bestedingen). Daarnaast zoeken we naar factoren die een belangrijke bijdrage hebben geleverd aan de economische groei (of groei van de arbeidsproductiviteit) in Limburg, en becijferen we in welke mate deze groei bedreigd wordt door de fabriekssluiting. Het is niet de bedoeling van deze studie om beleidsvoorstellen aan te reiken. Er worden dus geen antw...

Report for the IWT-Studies: Brussels, 2004

... GILBERT SWINNEN ... Die enquêtering stelt innovatie te abstract en is gefocust op for-mele ke... more ... GILBERT SWINNEN ... Die enquêtering stelt innovatie te abstract en is gefocust op for-mele kenmerken zoals O&O-activiteit en octrooigebruik die ... Blijkbaar is het moeilijk om andere innovatiekenmerken voldoende expliet te maken, bv bij het gebruik van ideeën van de werkvloer ...

This paper reviews the 'state of the art' in the field of modelling feed demand in the EC... more This paper reviews the 'state of the art' in the field of modelling feed demand in the EC. After presenting a general conceptual framework, several methods for empirically estimating feed demand responses to prices changes are classified. Also, a method is proposed for econometrically estimating (1) the allocation of feed ingredients among different livestock categories, (2) the composition of the various livestock rations, and (3) feed input demand elasticities differentiated according to type of livestock, by using aggregate market data. The potentials of this method for covering all marketable feed ingredients will be explored. In conclusion, some pending research issues will be discussed

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Apr 10, 1997

This paper*describes a disaggregated econometric mode} of the EU/Benelux feed-livestock economy, ... more This paper*describes a disaggregated econometric mode} of the EU/Benelux feed-livestock economy, retlecting the interrelationships between the various commodity markets involved. Specific features of the mode! are: (i) the use of flexible functional forms (i.e., the Asymmetric and Symmetric Generalised McFadden fonction) representing feed demand in the Benelux and the Rest-of-the-EU, and (ii) the incorporation of both price-induced and exogenous technical change. World prices of feed ingredients and prices of compound feeds are endogenised by market-clearing conditions. This mode! has been built for the purpose of quantifying the impact of changes in agricultural policies in the EU and the Uruguay Round commitments on the feed-livestock economy. Because ail mode! components are specified in a dynamic fashion , it is possible to identify both short-term and long-term effects of the policy changes. * This paper presents intem1ediate results of ongoing research. Any comments on this paper are welcomed by the 1mthors.

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) has an ongoing research program to provide information on... more Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) has an ongoing research program to provide information on the effect of potential agricultural policy and technology scenarios on the environment and the economic conditions, behavior and performance in the agriculture sector. Included in this work program is a project to improve our farm level data on cost of production and farm management practices for economic and environmental analysis. As part of this effort to improve our data, this report evaluates an analytical method, called Maximum Entropy (ME), for its effectiveness in extracting detailed, enterprise level, cost of production information from whole-farm data. The ME method has been shown to be a promising and cost-effective option for obtaining these enterprise-level estimates from whole-farm data sets already available.

Mathematics, 2022

This study contributes to the debate on accessibility of higher education in Chile, with a specia... more This study contributes to the debate on accessibility of higher education in Chile, with a special focus on the geospatial dimension of access to university studies. This paper addresses the central question of whether geography (physical distance and neighborhood effects) plays a significant role in determining the accessibility of higher education to students in Chile. We use Heckman probit-type (Heckit) models to adjust for selection during application for higher education—that is, pre-selection among applications to study at university and, ultimately, admission (or denial) to a higher educational institution. Of all high school graduates who took the university selection test (PSU), only 37.9% were able to attend higher education. The results show that the geospatial elements—neighborhood characteristics and distance from the city of Santiago—have a significant local effect on the student’s application and access to Chilean universities. Specifically, the most significant local...

An aggregator model of feed input demand in the Benelux compound feed sectors: a preliminary anal... more An aggregator model of feed input demand in the Benelux compound feed sectors: a preliminary analysis

In this paper, I present an empirical study of aggregate inter-state migration in Mexico in the p... more In this paper, I present an empirical study of aggregate inter-state migration in Mexico in the period 1995-2000. The study contributes to the empirical literature on migration in a number of ways. Firstly, I show that the gravity model in levels (Poisson model) provides a more realistic description of the migration process than a model in logs (log-linear model). Secondly, I develop a more flexible model by relaxing the standard assumption of spatial invariance (constancy) of the distance-decay parameter. This added flexibility should allow one to account for the effects of ‘idiosyncratic’ ties between origin and destination states (imperfect information). Thirdly, the model attempts to bring together elements from both the neo-classical (economic opportunities) and the cumulative-causation (migrant networks) perspectives on migration. Finally, the model is estimated by using the ‘non-classical’ generalized maximum-entropy method to cope with overparameterization in a cross-section...

This study contributes to the debate on accessibility of higher education in Chile, focusing on b... more This study contributes to the debate on accessibility of higher education in Chile, focusing on both socioeconomic and geospatial dimensions of access to university study. The central question we address in this paper is the following: Does geography (physical distance and neighborhood effects) play a significant role in determining accessibility of higher education in Chile? We use Heckman probit-type (Heckit) models to adjust for selection in the process of completing the trajectory towards higher education – that is, pre-selection, application to study at university, and ultimately admission (or denial) to a higher education institution. The results shows that the geospatial elements have a significant local effect on the student’s application and access to Chilean universities.

Cette communication a pour objet de discuter l'application de l'approche "fonction d... more Cette communication a pour objet de discuter l'application de l'approche "fonction de cout" a la mesure des innovations induites par les prix dans les processus de production (i.e. affectant les proportions d'intrants). Vu comme etant le resultat d'une decision intertemporelle d'investissement fondee sur les prix, le progres technique est modelise de maniere dynamique (en utilisant des prix decales). Les modeles empiriques presentes dans cette communication permettent de distinguer les effets "purs" de substitution pour un etat de la technologie donne et ceux resultant d'un changement du progres technique induits par les prix. De plus, les variantes en "variation" et en "niveau" propres a l'hypothese d'innovation induite, observees par Olmstead et Rhode (1993) sont identifiees. Des specifications dynamiques alternatives reposant sur l'utilisation des formes fonctionnelles flexibles sont estimees. Bien que l&...

International Review of Law and Economics, 2017

We empirically test the congestion-equilibrium theory; We use biennial panel data from 36 Europea... more We empirically test the congestion-equilibrium theory; We use biennial panel data from 36 European countries over the period 2006-2012; We use the new method of unconditional quantile regression; Backlogs negatively impact litigation rates in highly litigious, independent judiciaries.

Journal of Productivity Analysis

This paper proposes a multiple-output Symmetric Generalised McFadden (SGM) cost function, incorpo... more This paper proposes a multiple-output Symmetric Generalised McFadden (SGM) cost function, incorporating both exogenous and endogenous technological change. Whilst exogenous technological change is captured by the usual time trend, endogenous or price-induced technological change is cast within a partial-adjustment framework involving lagged input prices. The study points to various dimensions or components of technological change, and allows to disentangle pure factor substitution, given the state of the technology, from factor substitution due to price-induced changes in technology. Under the conditions of non-jointness in input quantities, the model further allows to identify technological change biases for each output separately. An empirical application is presented in which the proposed model is applied to time-series data on the feed manufacturing industry in Belgium. To improve on the econometrics, the SGM cost function also incorporates linear splines.

This paper investigates inter-municipal migration flows in Belgium using a Poisson gravity model.... more This paper investigates inter-municipal migration flows in Belgium using a Poisson gravity model. Besides distance, the model also includes municipal-specific factors as explanatory variables. The model is tested using aggregate, cross-sectional, data on migrations between the municipalities of the Belgian province of Limburg, over the period 1998-2003. The model assumes heterogeneity of the distance-deterrence effect. The model also accounts for unobserved origin/destination characteristics. To overcome the problem of under-determinacy, we use the method of Generalized Cross-Entropy estimation. A number of major findings stand out. Firstly, we find evidence of a "U-shaped" relationship between the distance-deterrence elasticity and distance, where the distance elasticity is smaller for short-distance moves. Secondly, distance between origin and destination reinforces (attenuates) the pull effect of local employment opportunities (amenities). This finding may indicating a ...

Environmental and Resource Economics, 2015

We estimate a hedonic-pricing model using geo-coded farmland-transaction data from the Campine re... more We estimate a hedonic-pricing model using geo-coded farmland-transaction data from the Campine region, situated in the northeast of Belgium. Unlike previous hedonic studies, we use the method of unconditional quantile regression (Firpo, Fortin, and Lemieux 2009). An important advantage of this new method over the traditional conditional quantile regression (Koenker and Bassett 1978) is that it allows for the estimation of potentially heterogeneous effects of cadmium pollution along the entire (unconditional) distribution of farmland prices. Using a threshold specification of the hedonic-pricing model, we find evidence of a U-shaped valuation pattern, where cadmium pollution of the soil has a negative and significant impact on prices only in the middle range of the distribution, insofar as cadmium concentrations are above the regulatory standard of 2 parts per million for agricultural land. Results obtained from a probit model to classify land plots into different price segments further suggest that the heterogeneous impact of soil pollution on price can be directly related to the variety of amenities that farmland provides.

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2010

The standard empirical gravity model of aggregate migration typically assumes homogeneity, quasi-... more The standard empirical gravity model of aggregate migration typically assumes homogeneity, quasi-symmetry, and (log-) linearity of bilateral relationships. However, estimation is likely to be plagued with severe misspecification bias if no attempt is made to control for unobserved migration selectivity and unmeasured spatial heterogeneity. This paper presents an alternative specification of the cross-section gravity model, controlling for unobserved unilateral (origin-and destination-specific) and, most importantly, bilateral (flow-specific) effects. Specifically, individual slopes account for correlated heterogeneity in the bilateral dimension, where linkage factors such as distance and previous migration (migrant stock) are allowed to interact with unobserved bilateral effects. This generalized gravity model is applied for an exploratory analysis of interstate migration in Mexico and estimated by applying the Generalized Maximum Entropy method. The empirical importance of relaxing the standard assumptions is demonstrated by comparing the GME estimates with those obtained from OLS. Furthermore, it is found that variations in the unobserved individual (flow-specific) distance and migrant-stock effects account for 30 to 45% of the variation in (log) migration flows, whereas observed socioeconomic "push and pull" factors at origins and destinations (unemployment rates, incomes per capita, etc.) have only a small explanatory power of 5 to 10%. Finally, it is shown that the inclusion of bilateral fixed effects in the double-log form of the gravity model is instrumental in keeping with arbitrary heteroskedasticity.

ABSTRACT In this study a hedonic model is applied to the farmland market in the Campine region, a... more ABSTRACT In this study a hedonic model is applied to the farmland market in the Campine region, an area in Belgium which is historically contaminated with particularly cadmium (Cd). Therefore, predicted soil Cd concentrations are related to farmland values in order to verify the impact on farmland pricing. In a complementary analysis of Flemish environmental policies the objective was to reveal in which way potential land buyers are informed about the presence of anomalous elements. Linear and quantile regressions indicated no significant effect from Cd concentrations on farmland prices. However, the policy analysis indicated that the policy instrument for informing land buyers on soil quality is not required to contain information about anomalous elements in case of historic soil pollution. Consequently, a lack of awareness with respect to soil contaminants among farmland buyers might be an explanatory factor for the results of the hedonic model.