Muhammad Maimuna Yakubu - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Muhammad Maimuna Yakubu
Advances in Management and Applied Economics, 2020
This paper has examined empirically the effect of labour force participation on economic growth i... more This paper has examined empirically the effect of labour force participation on economic growth in Nigeria. Time series data for both the dependent and independent variables were sourced from World Bank Development Indicators 2018 database for the period 1990-2017. Johannsen’s Cointegration, and Vector Error Correction model (VECM) econometric tools were used. Finding shows that the variables have long-run relationship and also long-run causality was found running from LFPR and GFCF to RGDP. The study recommends that it is necessary for policy makers to address the problems of unemployment and gender inequality in employment.  JEL classification numbers: JEL J20, J60, O40, C10, O55
Article , 2015
In this paper we investigate the relationship between economic growth, foreign direct investment ... more In this paper we investigate the relationship between economic growth, foreign direct investment and trade for Nigeria during the period 1970-2011. In doing this, the study utilizes stationarity, the Johansen and Juselius cointegration as well as Granger Causality tests to analyze the causal nexus between economic growth, FDI and trade. Result shows that there is a cointegration relationship between these variables. Results of Granger causality test reveal that there is causal relationship from FDI to economic growth and from export to economic growth. As a result, FDI and exports in Nigeria are factors affecting economic growth. But high or low economic growth rate does not have an effect on the presence of exports and FDIs in Nigeria.
Journal of Global Social Sciences
The launch of entrepreneurship mind-set in recent times as an expedient instrument for growth of ... more The launch of entrepreneurship mind-set in recent times as an expedient instrument for growth of MSME’s in Nigeria. From the study, entrepreneurship mind-set is not rooted on some paradigm shift as there are major concentrations on the evaluation of sales volume, employees’ size and profitability as they relate to MSME growth in Nigeria. The study conducted used a survey method while adopting stratified sampling technique. The sample size of 218 is obtained from the 480 MSME owners’ resident in AMAC-FCT using the Taro Yamani formula. The study righty adopts correlation test to examine the linear relationship while regression analysis is used reporting coefficients with P-value at 0.05 significance. The findings divulged that entrepreneurial mind-set influences sales volume, employees’ size and profitability as an improvement on entrepreneurial mind-set will bring an outstanding improvement on the MSME’s characteristics. The study appreciably recommends more investment be made on bui...
Journal of Global Social Sciences
In this study, the empirical impact of loans to the private sector on Nigeria's economic grow... more In this study, the empirical impact of loans to the private sector on Nigeria's economic growth from 1981 to 2021 is evaluated. The impact of CPS on Gross Domestic Product Growth (GDPG) was examined using series data and the ordinary least squares technique. Credit to the private sector, lending rate, and deposit money bank's assets were used as independent variables. The series' data were taken from the World Bank Indicators 2021 and the Central Bank of Nigeria's Statistical Bulletin 2021. The analysis's findings indicate that all of the variables, including Gross Domestic Product (GDPG), CPS, INTR, and DMBA, were stationary at 1st difference. The analysis discovered that the variables are cointegrated, which means they have a long-run link, even though interest rate was statistically proven to have a negative impact on economic growth. As a result, the study advises policymakers to adopt measures that will direct more money into the economy's productive sec...
Advances in Management and Applied Economics
The relationship between Nigeria's monetary policy and food inflation has been experimentally... more The relationship between Nigeria's monetary policy and food inflation has been experimentally examined in this study. A quantitative research method based on ex-post facto research design was adopted using the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag model approach (NARDL) in order to examine the impact of monetary policy on food inflation in Nigeria between the periods of 1980 and 2021. As a dependent variable, Food Inflation (FINF) was employed in the study. Exogenous variables also included Treasury Bills Rate (TBR), Exchange Rate (EXG), Monetary Policy Rate (MPR), and Broad Money Supply (M2). The study used time series data from the World Bank data repository (WDI), the National Bureau of Statistics, and the Central Bank of Nigeria's (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. Data analysis showed that the exchange rate significantly and negatively affects the price of food in Nigeria. Similar to this, empirical data demonstrates a long-run association between Nigeria's monetary po...
Journal of Global Economics and Business
This paper has empirically examined the level of satisfaction students derive from the services o... more This paper has empirically examined the level of satisfaction students derive from the services offered to them in Nigerian universities. The research employed a qualitative and comparative approach. To achieve the objective of the study survey questionnaire was administered to 120 students through non-probability sampling. ABU, Nsukka, BUK, NUN, Baze and Bingham were selected as a case study and data was collected from 20 students from each university, the data was analyzed using SPSS 18 Software. The constructs used are instructional guidance/ counselling of students, study arrangements, studying, student evaluation, mindset in the direction of students, premises, cleaning services, catering/canteen services, library, teaching and coaching (content and methods), and realistic training period. Data analysis revealed that the students are to some extent satisfied with the services and the facilities offered to them while others are dissatisfied therefore, the study recommends that p...
Journal of Global Economics and Business
There is no doubt that capital market capitalization plays an essential role in economic growth o... more There is no doubt that capital market capitalization plays an essential role in economic growth of any nation and increasing access to a developed capital market is essential to unlocking rapid economic growth in Nigeria. Consequently, this paper has empirically examined the nexus between capital market capitalization and economic growth in Nigeria using annual time series data for the period 1990-2021. By applying Augmented Dickey Fuller, OLS, co-integration and causality tests the results indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between capital market capitalization and economic growth, there is a long-run relationship between the variables and also unidirectional causality was found from MCAP to GDPG. Subsequently, the paper recommends that policy makers should concentrate on implementing short-term and long-term policies that will develop the Nigerian financial system especially the capital market since it is capable of boosting economic growth in Nigeria.
Nigeria is endowed with lots of natural and human resources with large expanse of fertile land an... more Nigeria is endowed with lots of natural and human resources with large expanse of fertile land and estimated to be the most populous country in the Sub-Saharan Africa. And it has different sectors such as agriculture, solid minerals, sports and entertainment, tourism etc. yet, the citizens live in abject poverty subsisting on less than $2 a day as a result of several factors which includes inappropriate domestic policies and an unfavourable external economic environment. The country discovered oil in 1959 over fifty years ago at Oloibiri in today's Bayelsa State , but over 70% of the country's earnings come from oil paying little or no attention to other sectors of the economy and that is why Nigeria is said to be suffering from what is known as the "Dutch Disease". The broad objective of this paper is to make policymakers realize the importance and contribution of agriculture to the Nigerian economy and also to stress the need to harness and diversify other sector...
Journal of Global Social Sciences
The study investigates the impact of agricultural financing by commercial banks on agricultural o... more The study investigates the impact of agricultural financing by commercial banks on agricultural output in Nigeria. Agricultural sector contribution to GDP was used to define agricultural output, while the agricultural financing was defined by commercial bank credit to the agricultural sector. The study employed real interest rate and inflation rate as control variables. The time span under study was 40 years which dated from 1981-2020 using annual secondary data, Data on agricultural output and commercial bank agricultural financing, were obtained from the Nigerian central bank annual statistical bulletin(CBN) whereas interest rate and inflation rate were obtained from united nation conference on trade and development (UNCTAD). The Autoregressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) was adopted due to its efficiency, robustness and dynamic nature in time series analysis. It was discovered the explanatory variables under study only have a long run relationship with the explained variable. Specif...
Transnational Corporations Review, 2020
Most regional trade agreements ascribe great importance to member country's political regimes of ... more Most regional trade agreements ascribe great importance to member country's political regimes of which preference is given to democratisation. In this paper, we investigate the influence of political regimes on bilateral trade in West Africa. We exploit two different ratings for political regime: Freedom House and Polity IV and applied Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood estimation technique. The empirical results reveal that political regime is significant to trade determination. Result portrays that generally; democratic regime positively and significantly influences bilateral trade and is homogenous in export and import. In West Africa, being import dependent, such influence is only robust as importer. We further noted that the influence of political regime on bilateral trade depends on the region and level of income; favourable to high-income Western countries. The results further indicate that two countries of similar political regimes trade less which is consistent in West African region.
Asian Economic and Financial Review
Using panel data of twenty Asian countries over a period of six years (2011-2016), this research ... more Using panel data of twenty Asian countries over a period of six years (2011-2016), this research investigated the key determinants of financial inclusion among Asian countries via the Random Effects Model (REM). Financial inclusion has been considered as enabler for seven of the seventeen sustainable development goals, which brings access to financial services to all and directly contributes to poverty reduction, capacity buildings and equality. The main findings are that: (i) the countries with stronger economic growth and higher income have a significantly higher financial inclusion index, as people have more resources/incomes and better chances to utilize financial services; (ii) the higher the literacy, the better the financial inclusion as people with higher literacy understand the pros and cons of financial services and providers, better knowledge of using financial services wisely; (iii) unemployment rates had a negative impact on the financial inclusion index; (iv) surprisingly differing from previous studies, inflation, population density, network and deposit interest rate were not statistically significantly correlated with financial inclusion. Contribution/ Originality: This research investigated the key determinants of financial inclusion among Asian countries via REM. Four aspects relating to financial inclusion among Asian countries were deeply analyzed. 1. INTRODUCTION Financial inclusion is becoming a priority for policymakers, regulators and development agencies globally, as it has been defined as an enabler for seven of seventeen sustainable development goals (Demirgüç-Kunt et al., 2015; UNSGSA, 2016). The idea of promoting and developing financial inclusion was officially implemented in 2009, when the Queen of Netherlands became the Special Advocate of United Nations Secretary-General (UNSGSA, 2016). From that time, this matter was commonly known and developed to either propagandize or ameliorate financial services in order to foster universal access to the financial market. Financial inclusion is opposite to financial exclusion, and is defined simply as all individuals or small and medium enterprises having ability to access the formal services in the financial market (Sarma, 2008; Demirgüç
This paper examines the causality between energy consumption and economic growth by applying Pair... more This paper examines the causality between energy consumption and economic growth by applying Pairewise Granger causality test and Johansen cointegration test to Nigerian data for the period 1990-2012. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test reveals that the series are not stationary and therefore differencing is performed to secure stationarity. The study finds causality running from energy consumption to gross capital formation in Nigeria. It also found that causality runs from economic growth to energy consumption but not vice versa.
Advances in Management and Applied Economics, 2020
This paper has examined empirically the effect of labour force participation on economic growth i... more This paper has examined empirically the effect of labour force participation on economic growth in Nigeria. Time series data for both the dependent and independent variables were sourced from World Bank Development Indicators 2018 database for the period 1990-2017. Johannsen’s Cointegration, and Vector Error Correction model (VECM) econometric tools were used. Finding shows that the variables have long-run relationship and also long-run causality was found running from LFPR and GFCF to RGDP. The study recommends that it is necessary for policy makers to address the problems of unemployment and gender inequality in employment.  JEL classification numbers: JEL J20, J60, O40, C10, O55
Article , 2015
In this paper we investigate the relationship between economic growth, foreign direct investment ... more In this paper we investigate the relationship between economic growth, foreign direct investment and trade for Nigeria during the period 1970-2011. In doing this, the study utilizes stationarity, the Johansen and Juselius cointegration as well as Granger Causality tests to analyze the causal nexus between economic growth, FDI and trade. Result shows that there is a cointegration relationship between these variables. Results of Granger causality test reveal that there is causal relationship from FDI to economic growth and from export to economic growth. As a result, FDI and exports in Nigeria are factors affecting economic growth. But high or low economic growth rate does not have an effect on the presence of exports and FDIs in Nigeria.
Journal of Global Social Sciences
The launch of entrepreneurship mind-set in recent times as an expedient instrument for growth of ... more The launch of entrepreneurship mind-set in recent times as an expedient instrument for growth of MSME’s in Nigeria. From the study, entrepreneurship mind-set is not rooted on some paradigm shift as there are major concentrations on the evaluation of sales volume, employees’ size and profitability as they relate to MSME growth in Nigeria. The study conducted used a survey method while adopting stratified sampling technique. The sample size of 218 is obtained from the 480 MSME owners’ resident in AMAC-FCT using the Taro Yamani formula. The study righty adopts correlation test to examine the linear relationship while regression analysis is used reporting coefficients with P-value at 0.05 significance. The findings divulged that entrepreneurial mind-set influences sales volume, employees’ size and profitability as an improvement on entrepreneurial mind-set will bring an outstanding improvement on the MSME’s characteristics. The study appreciably recommends more investment be made on bui...
Journal of Global Social Sciences
In this study, the empirical impact of loans to the private sector on Nigeria's economic grow... more In this study, the empirical impact of loans to the private sector on Nigeria's economic growth from 1981 to 2021 is evaluated. The impact of CPS on Gross Domestic Product Growth (GDPG) was examined using series data and the ordinary least squares technique. Credit to the private sector, lending rate, and deposit money bank's assets were used as independent variables. The series' data were taken from the World Bank Indicators 2021 and the Central Bank of Nigeria's Statistical Bulletin 2021. The analysis's findings indicate that all of the variables, including Gross Domestic Product (GDPG), CPS, INTR, and DMBA, were stationary at 1st difference. The analysis discovered that the variables are cointegrated, which means they have a long-run link, even though interest rate was statistically proven to have a negative impact on economic growth. As a result, the study advises policymakers to adopt measures that will direct more money into the economy's productive sec...
Advances in Management and Applied Economics
The relationship between Nigeria's monetary policy and food inflation has been experimentally... more The relationship between Nigeria's monetary policy and food inflation has been experimentally examined in this study. A quantitative research method based on ex-post facto research design was adopted using the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag model approach (NARDL) in order to examine the impact of monetary policy on food inflation in Nigeria between the periods of 1980 and 2021. As a dependent variable, Food Inflation (FINF) was employed in the study. Exogenous variables also included Treasury Bills Rate (TBR), Exchange Rate (EXG), Monetary Policy Rate (MPR), and Broad Money Supply (M2). The study used time series data from the World Bank data repository (WDI), the National Bureau of Statistics, and the Central Bank of Nigeria's (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. Data analysis showed that the exchange rate significantly and negatively affects the price of food in Nigeria. Similar to this, empirical data demonstrates a long-run association between Nigeria's monetary po...
Journal of Global Economics and Business
This paper has empirically examined the level of satisfaction students derive from the services o... more This paper has empirically examined the level of satisfaction students derive from the services offered to them in Nigerian universities. The research employed a qualitative and comparative approach. To achieve the objective of the study survey questionnaire was administered to 120 students through non-probability sampling. ABU, Nsukka, BUK, NUN, Baze and Bingham were selected as a case study and data was collected from 20 students from each university, the data was analyzed using SPSS 18 Software. The constructs used are instructional guidance/ counselling of students, study arrangements, studying, student evaluation, mindset in the direction of students, premises, cleaning services, catering/canteen services, library, teaching and coaching (content and methods), and realistic training period. Data analysis revealed that the students are to some extent satisfied with the services and the facilities offered to them while others are dissatisfied therefore, the study recommends that p...
Journal of Global Economics and Business
There is no doubt that capital market capitalization plays an essential role in economic growth o... more There is no doubt that capital market capitalization plays an essential role in economic growth of any nation and increasing access to a developed capital market is essential to unlocking rapid economic growth in Nigeria. Consequently, this paper has empirically examined the nexus between capital market capitalization and economic growth in Nigeria using annual time series data for the period 1990-2021. By applying Augmented Dickey Fuller, OLS, co-integration and causality tests the results indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between capital market capitalization and economic growth, there is a long-run relationship between the variables and also unidirectional causality was found from MCAP to GDPG. Subsequently, the paper recommends that policy makers should concentrate on implementing short-term and long-term policies that will develop the Nigerian financial system especially the capital market since it is capable of boosting economic growth in Nigeria.
Nigeria is endowed with lots of natural and human resources with large expanse of fertile land an... more Nigeria is endowed with lots of natural and human resources with large expanse of fertile land and estimated to be the most populous country in the Sub-Saharan Africa. And it has different sectors such as agriculture, solid minerals, sports and entertainment, tourism etc. yet, the citizens live in abject poverty subsisting on less than $2 a day as a result of several factors which includes inappropriate domestic policies and an unfavourable external economic environment. The country discovered oil in 1959 over fifty years ago at Oloibiri in today's Bayelsa State , but over 70% of the country's earnings come from oil paying little or no attention to other sectors of the economy and that is why Nigeria is said to be suffering from what is known as the "Dutch Disease". The broad objective of this paper is to make policymakers realize the importance and contribution of agriculture to the Nigerian economy and also to stress the need to harness and diversify other sector...
Journal of Global Social Sciences
The study investigates the impact of agricultural financing by commercial banks on agricultural o... more The study investigates the impact of agricultural financing by commercial banks on agricultural output in Nigeria. Agricultural sector contribution to GDP was used to define agricultural output, while the agricultural financing was defined by commercial bank credit to the agricultural sector. The study employed real interest rate and inflation rate as control variables. The time span under study was 40 years which dated from 1981-2020 using annual secondary data, Data on agricultural output and commercial bank agricultural financing, were obtained from the Nigerian central bank annual statistical bulletin(CBN) whereas interest rate and inflation rate were obtained from united nation conference on trade and development (UNCTAD). The Autoregressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) was adopted due to its efficiency, robustness and dynamic nature in time series analysis. It was discovered the explanatory variables under study only have a long run relationship with the explained variable. Specif...
Transnational Corporations Review, 2020
Most regional trade agreements ascribe great importance to member country's political regimes of ... more Most regional trade agreements ascribe great importance to member country's political regimes of which preference is given to democratisation. In this paper, we investigate the influence of political regimes on bilateral trade in West Africa. We exploit two different ratings for political regime: Freedom House and Polity IV and applied Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood estimation technique. The empirical results reveal that political regime is significant to trade determination. Result portrays that generally; democratic regime positively and significantly influences bilateral trade and is homogenous in export and import. In West Africa, being import dependent, such influence is only robust as importer. We further noted that the influence of political regime on bilateral trade depends on the region and level of income; favourable to high-income Western countries. The results further indicate that two countries of similar political regimes trade less which is consistent in West African region.
Asian Economic and Financial Review
Using panel data of twenty Asian countries over a period of six years (2011-2016), this research ... more Using panel data of twenty Asian countries over a period of six years (2011-2016), this research investigated the key determinants of financial inclusion among Asian countries via the Random Effects Model (REM). Financial inclusion has been considered as enabler for seven of the seventeen sustainable development goals, which brings access to financial services to all and directly contributes to poverty reduction, capacity buildings and equality. The main findings are that: (i) the countries with stronger economic growth and higher income have a significantly higher financial inclusion index, as people have more resources/incomes and better chances to utilize financial services; (ii) the higher the literacy, the better the financial inclusion as people with higher literacy understand the pros and cons of financial services and providers, better knowledge of using financial services wisely; (iii) unemployment rates had a negative impact on the financial inclusion index; (iv) surprisingly differing from previous studies, inflation, population density, network and deposit interest rate were not statistically significantly correlated with financial inclusion. Contribution/ Originality: This research investigated the key determinants of financial inclusion among Asian countries via REM. Four aspects relating to financial inclusion among Asian countries were deeply analyzed. 1. INTRODUCTION Financial inclusion is becoming a priority for policymakers, regulators and development agencies globally, as it has been defined as an enabler for seven of seventeen sustainable development goals (Demirgüç-Kunt et al., 2015; UNSGSA, 2016). The idea of promoting and developing financial inclusion was officially implemented in 2009, when the Queen of Netherlands became the Special Advocate of United Nations Secretary-General (UNSGSA, 2016). From that time, this matter was commonly known and developed to either propagandize or ameliorate financial services in order to foster universal access to the financial market. Financial inclusion is opposite to financial exclusion, and is defined simply as all individuals or small and medium enterprises having ability to access the formal services in the financial market (Sarma, 2008; Demirgüç
This paper examines the causality between energy consumption and economic growth by applying Pair... more This paper examines the causality between energy consumption and economic growth by applying Pairewise Granger causality test and Johansen cointegration test to Nigerian data for the period 1990-2012. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test reveals that the series are not stationary and therefore differencing is performed to secure stationarity. The study finds causality running from energy consumption to gross capital formation in Nigeria. It also found that causality runs from economic growth to energy consumption but not vice versa.