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Papers by mais ali

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2019

This paper investigates the application of advanced forward error correction techniques mainly: l... more This paper investigates the application of advanced forward error correction techniques mainly: low-density parity checks (LDPC) code and polar code for IoT networks. These codes are under consideration for 5G systems. Different code parameters such as code rate and a number of decoding iterations are used to show their effect on the performance of the network. LDPC is performed better than polar code, over the IoT network scenario considered in the work, for the same coding rate and the number of decoding iterations. Considering bit error rate (BER) performance, LDPC with rate1/3 provided an improvement of up to 2.6 dB for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, and 2 dB for SUI-3 (frequency selective fading channel model). LDPC code gives an improvement in throughput of about 12% as compared to polar code with a coding rate of 2/3 over AWGN channel. The corresponding values over SUI-3 channel are about 10%. Finally, in comparison with LDPC, polar code shows better energy saving for large number of decoding iterations and high coding rates. K EYWORDS

IEEE International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, 2008

Since security is of critical importance for modern storage systems, it is imperative to protect ... more Since security is of critical importance for modern storage systems, it is imperative to protect stored data from being tampered or disclosed. Although an increasing number of secure storage systems have been developed, there is no way to dynamically choose security services to meet disk requests' flexible security requirements. Furthermore, existing security techniques for disk systems are not suitable to

Even through India has world-class institutions, they are far outnumbered by weaker institutions ... more Even through India has world-class institutions, they are far outnumbered by weaker institutions that have lagged behind the technological curve that has gripped the Indian economy. As such, it is of paramount importance that the Indian government takes significant strides to improve, adapt, and grow the overall knowledge capital and its availability to all Indian students in our higher education system. Currently, there are many problems in the higher education system that needs to be tacked immediately. Some of the more pressing, important issue which needs attention are: the paucity of higher-quality teachers, inadequate infrastructure of the universities and more specifically their libraries, and the poor quality of Educational Resources utilizes at various universities and colleges. If these problems are not solved expeditiously, the overall impact on Indian economy can be disastrous. The number of students graduating from our nations institutional will be greatly diminished as they seek better educational alternatives. The students that do graduate from India's colleges and universities will be less and less employable as they lack the necessary skills and relevant knowledge to compete in the global labor marketplace. And most frustrating of all, Indian students coming from socio economically disadvantaged backgrounds will find fewer and fewer.

African in general have gone through innumerable and intolerable kinds of exploitation and oppres... more African in general have gone through innumerable and intolerable kinds of exploitation and oppression starting from the colonial rule and ending with the neo-colonial era. Women in particular are subjugated to much more oppression either from the African men or from the colonizers and their agents. Since the term subaltern is related to post-colonialism. In post-colonial theory, the colonizers are viewed as masculine power and the colonized are inferior. Men of the colonized nation were suppressed and ruled over by the colonizers, this made them practice oppression on their women. The idea that men are superior and women are inferior and subordinate to men has become a conventional myth in the patriarchal society. Men have the lust of power. In men-women relationship men are the conqueror and women are conquered and prostituted. Ngugi wa Thiong'o as a Marxist and Socialist committed writer finds that it is his duty to denounce all the evil practices that are widely spread in his society, in this paper, an endeavor is made to show how Ngugi uses the Marxist ideology to expose the injustice that has been made upon African women in neo-colonial Kenya. Ngugi employs the female characters and gives them voices to speak and denounce the mal practices.

This study is an attempt to analyze the themes of Oppression, protest and assertion in the novels... more This study is an attempt to analyze the themes of Oppression, protest and assertion in the novels of Mulk Raj Anand and Ngugi wa Thiong'o. The ideas of social realism are reflected in Anand's novels while the ideas of socialist realism are revealed in Ngugi's novels. The main themes which the selected novels share are portrayal of oppression, corruption, poverty, hypocrisy, deprivation, conflicts in tradition ridden societies and conflicts between tradition and modernity. There are also depictions of the many attempts of protest by the oppressed to gain their self-assertion.

Thesis Chapters by mais ali

Voices of Oppression, Protest and Assertion: A Study of the Selected Novels of Mulk Raj Anand an... more Voices of Oppression, Protest and Assertion: A Study of the Selected Novels of Mulk Raj Anand and Ngugi wa Thiong’o

ABSTRACT

This dissertation is mainly concerned in projecting the prevailing social evils of Indian society and the socio-political evils that restrain the African society from development and modernity. The purpose of selecting the title and the novels serves the social betterment by stimulating the humanitarian emotion of every individual to act and take his/her part in the society. This thesis starts with the historical background of both the Indian and the African novel in English, then a methodically study of the theories which are applied in it and the many solutions that are offered by the authors to the existing problems of their societies.
The voices of oppression, which the title starts with are clearly illustrated through the four chapters apart from the introduction and the conclusion. The many attempts of protests are in the four selected novels which are Untouchable, Coolie, Petals of Blood and Devil on the Cross, have been traced and shed light on through this study. Finally, the many solutions as referred to in the title as Assertion are offered in the concluding paragraphs of each chapter.
This study is mainly based on the theoretical conception of two major schools which both of the authors belong to. They are the social realism and the socialist realism. As regarding Realism in literature, it is an approach that attempts to describe life without idealization or romantic subjectivity. Although realism is not limited to any one century or group of writers, it is most often associated with the literary movement in 19th century France, specifically with the French novelists Flaubert and Balzac. George Eliot introduced realism into England and William Dean Howells introduced it into the United States.
Realism has been chiefly concerned with the commonplaces of everyday life among the middle and lower classes, where character is a product of social factors and environment is the integral element in the dramatic complications in literature, an approach that proceeds from an analysis of reality in terms of natural forces. Realism is a style of writing that gives the impression of recording faithfully an actual way of life without any idealization.
The social novel is concerned with the influence of societal organizations and of economic and social conditions on characters and events. The purpose of this type of a novel is to educate the people of the necessity for changing their morality, their lives and the social institutions. This research is concerned with the social novel and one of its most important advocates is Mulk Raj Anand who is mainly a social realist protesting against man-made anti-human institutions. He reveals keen concern in the eradication of social evils and his novels are only artistic attempts to provoke the lethargic conscience of the people and stimulate them to remove these evils. In his fiction, he always takes the most important burning problems of the community as his starting point; his pathos as a writer is always stimulated by the sufferings of his people, which are the most acute at the time; it is these sufferings that determine the objects and direction of his love and hate.
Realistic fiction has been primarily a revolt against the sentimentality of romantic idealism. As the settings of the selected novels of Untouchable and Coolie, prove to be more ordinary, as they deal with existent commonplace events and actual people; they present unpleasant and even offensive subject matter. This repugnant quality is especially associated with ‘Naturalism’ which is an outgrowth of realism. The purpose of Anand to portray every aspect of the life of his characters is to change their existing reality. Anand proves to be socialist leader of his time and society. He considers that the only real literature is the expression of the historically developing nation spirit, the dialectic movement of the political and economic idea. That movement provides a norm for distinguishing between the eternal and the temporary in literature. So, the greatest author is most closely identified with the community and its evolution, one who divines the need of one’s time, expresses its spirit, and represents his contemporaries.
The social realists believe in the power of the word and in the writer’s ability to portray in truthful details all aspects of life. This fashioned the structure of social reality.
On the other side, there is Socialist realism, which means the depiction of the social reality not as it is but as it should be idealized. This kind of approach is typical Marxist approach to literature. The theory of Socialist Realism was adopted by the Congress of Soviet Writers in 1934. Approved by Joseph Stalin, Nickolai Bukharin, Maxim Gorky and Andrey Zhdanov.

Socialist Realism demands that all art must depict some aspect of man's struggle toward socialist progress for a better life. It stresses the need for the creative artist to serve the proletariat by being realistic, optimistic and heroic. The doctrine considers all forms of experimentalism as degenerate and pessimistic. Socialist realism has its roots in neoclassicism and the traditions of realism in Russian literature of the 19th century that describes the life of simple people.
The very basis of socialist realism is the desire to probe into the future to portray from the inside people on their march to build their future through revolutionary acts. Mulk Raj Anand belongs to this category through his observation. It is his view that writer should observe inner and outer parts of life and try to feel the present state of mind of mass. In his view “The novel should interpret the truth of life from felt experience, and not from books”. The same view is carried by the Socialist African novelist Ngugi wa Thiong’o who is committed to the struggle against neocolonialism and imperialism as he employs Marxist theory in his novels which puts man in the center of his philosophy. Ngugi argues in his novels that man is the one who changes the material forces and in this course he changes himself .
Marxist criticism is an approach to literature that focuses on the ideological content of a work. Marxist criticism, based largely on the writings of Karl Marx, typically aims at not only revealing and clarifying ideological issues but also correcting social injustices. Ngugi uses Marxist approach in his novels to describe the competing socio-economic interests that too often advance capitalist interests such as money and power rather than socialist interests such as morality and justice. As he argues that literature and literary criticism are essentially political because they either challenge or support economic oppression. This is why his novels have the socio-political facet rather than the social one. Ngugi advocates in his novels Petals of Blood and Devil on the Cross that communism is the best solution for the proletariat to gain their assertion which is attained by going back to their cultural values and roots that glorify the principle of fighting for a communal goal.
This study has the conclusion that both of Ngugi and Anand’s literature is educative and meant for the betterment of their people; hence it gains credibility to the Marxist principles. Both of the authors have faith in the individual’s ability no matter if s/he is an untouchable, a worker, a peasant, a whore or a coolie, everyone has a role in his/ her society to be accomplished and fulfilled.

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2019

IEEE International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, 2008

ABSTRACT