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Research paper thumbnail of Research Paper: Development of Screening Test Battery for Volleyball Players: A Mixed Method Study

Purpose: Design and development of functional movement screening in athletes are one of the impor... more Purpose: Design and development of functional movement screening in athletes are one of the important measures taken for reducing the injury in professional sports. Today, functional movement screening aimed at identifying athletes susceptible to injury is designed and implemented based on fundamental functional patterns and the performance of that particular sport. Currently, there are no standard protocols for the screening of volleyball-specific performance movements. Methods: In this study, 20 volleyball high level experts were selected through purposive sampling method. The study data were collected by semi-structured interviews and field notes in 2017. The interview transcripts were encoded using MAXQDA V. 10 software. To extract categories and subjects, the thematic analysis approach was used. The results of interviews were conducted in a questionnaire to determine the validity and reliability was investigated. Face validity, content validity and construct validity (convergent and divergent validity) of the questionnaire was evaluated, too. The reliability was estimated by a test-retest method of 2 weeks interval using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: In first analysis process, initial codes were extracted and then, 38 (out of the 82 existing potential tests) tests were identified. Finally, after proper examining of the validity and reliability of the tests, 12 tests including deep squat, inline lunge, trunk stability push up, rotary stability, shoulder mobility, triple hop for distance, hexagon, lateral lunge, triple jump for distance, sidearm medicine ball throw, closed kinetic chain upper extremity, and squat jump were identified for inclusion in screening test battery. Conclusion: Based on the results of the interviews, the interviewees' choices are more based on the similarity of the tests with the movement patterns and performance capabilities in volleyball and considering the anatomical areas prone to injury. More prospective and follow up studies with various volleyball players are needed to show the capability of these tests to predict injuries.

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Selected Core Stability and Hopping Exercise on Trunk Endurance and Balance of Female Kabaddi Athletes

Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a selected course of the core stabilization of body a... more This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a selected course of the core stabilization of body and hopping exercises on trunk strength and balance of female Kabaddi athletes. Methods: The subjects of this study consisted of 24 female Kabaddi players, who were randomly selected and intentionally assigned to two groups; experimental group (12 persons; Mean±SD age: 16.83±1.26 years, height: 1.61±0.04 m, weight: 56.50±3.06 kg, BMI: 21.84±1.73 kg/m 2 , and exercise history: 05.08±1.08 years) and control group (12 persons; Mean±SD age: 16.42±0.99 years, height: 1.60±0.05 m, weight: 59.08±8.68 kg, BMI: 23.03±1.71 kg/m 2 , and exercise history: 5.25±1.60 years). The experimental group performed a 6-week training program, 3 sessions per week, each session consisting of 40 minutes of core stabilization exercises and hopping. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic information and exercise history, and the Y-balance test and stork stand balance test were used to measure static and dynamic equilibrium, respectively. In addition, the strength of the core part was evaluated by trunk 60° flexion, Biering-Sorensen, forearm plank, and side plank (right and left) tests. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check the normality of the data. In the case of normal data, the paired t-test was used to evaluate the differences in mean values. Results: The results of this study showed a significant difference between the mean posttest scores of trunk strength and static and dynamic balance in both experimental and control groups (P<0.001) so that the subjects in the experimental group performed better in these tests. All statistical tests were performed at a significance level of 95% (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study show that combined balancing exercises for the core part of the body and hopping can improve the balance and endurance of the Kabaddi athletes and, thus, may prevent potential injuries.

Research paper thumbnail of Development of Screening Test Battery for Volleyball Players: A Mixed Method Study

Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal, Oct 30, 2017

Purpose: Design and development of functional movement screening in athletes are one of the impor... more Purpose: Design and development of functional movement screening in athletes are one of the important measures taken for reducing the injury in professional sports. Today, functional movement screening aimed at identifying athletes susceptible to injury is designed and implemented based on fundamental functional patterns and the performance of that particular sport. Currently, there are no standard protocols for the screening of volleyball-specific performance movements. Methods: In this study, 20 volleyball high level experts were selected through purposive sampling method. The study data were collected by semi-structured interviews and field notes in 2017. The interview transcripts were encoded using MAXQDA V. 10 software. To extract categories and subjects, the thematic analysis approach was used. The results of interviews were conducted in a questionnaire to determine the validity and reliability was investigated. Face validity, content validity and construct validity (convergent and divergent validity) of the questionnaire was evaluated, too. The reliability was estimated by a test-retest method of 2 weeks interval using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: In first analysis process, initial codes were extracted and then, 38 (out of the 82 existing potential tests) tests were identified. Finally, after proper examining of the validity and reliability of the tests, 12 tests including deep squat, inline lunge, trunk stability push up, rotary stability, shoulder mobility, triple hop for distance, hexagon, lateral lunge, triple jump for distance, sidearm medicine ball throw, closed kinetic chain upper extremity, and squat jump were identified for inclusion in screening test battery. Conclusion: Based on the results of the interviews, the interviewees' choices are more based on the similarity of the tests with the movement patterns and performance capabilities in volleyball and considering the anatomical areas prone to injury. More prospective and follow up studies with various volleyball players are needed to show the capability of these tests to predict injuries.

Research paper thumbnail of Functional Movement Screening Tests for the Prediction of Injuries in Volleyball: A Qualitative Study

Annals of Applied Sport Science

Background. There is little evidence to support the comprehensiveness of FMS in sports population... more Background. There is little evidence to support the comprehensiveness of FMS in sports populations to predict injuries. Ignoring rapid decelerations and high eccentric forces which may be characteristics of high risk for injury are evident in these tests. With this in mind, it seems logical to use tests to assess the performance of athletes so as to evaluate speed components as well as to identify the potential risk factors for injury. This can be a good complement to FMS. Objectives. This study aimed to identify functional movement screening tests to predict injuries in volleyball. Methods. In this descriptive study, 20 high-level experts in volleyball were selected through purposive sampling. The data were collected in 2017 through semi-structured interviews and field notes. The interview transcripts were encoded using MAXQDA10 software®. To extract the categories and subjects, the thematic analysis approach was used. Results. In the first analysis process, the initial codes were extracted and finally, 38 of the 82 existing potential tests were identified. Then, after various stages of determining the validity and reliability of 12 tests-deep squat, inline lunge, trunk stability push up, rotary stability, shoulder mobility, triple hop for distance, hexagon, lateral lunge, triple jump for distance, sidearm medicine ball throw, closed kinetic chain upper extremity and squat jump-were identified for inclusion in this tool. Conclusions. Based on the results of the interviews, it could be concluded that the interviewees' choices were based more on the tests' similarity with the type of movement patterns and performance capabilities in volleyball and considering the anatomical areas prone to injury as well.

Research paper thumbnail of Research Paper: Development of Screening Test Battery for Volleyball Players: A Mixed Method Study

Purpose: Design and development of functional movement screening in athletes are one of the impor... more Purpose: Design and development of functional movement screening in athletes are one of the important measures taken for reducing the injury in professional sports. Today, functional movement screening aimed at identifying athletes susceptible to injury is designed and implemented based on fundamental functional patterns and the performance of that particular sport. Currently, there are no standard protocols for the screening of volleyball-specific performance movements. Methods: In this study, 20 volleyball high level experts were selected through purposive sampling method. The study data were collected by semi-structured interviews and field notes in 2017. The interview transcripts were encoded using MAXQDA V. 10 software. To extract categories and subjects, the thematic analysis approach was used. The results of interviews were conducted in a questionnaire to determine the validity and reliability was investigated. Face validity, content validity and construct validity (convergent and divergent validity) of the questionnaire was evaluated, too. The reliability was estimated by a test-retest method of 2 weeks interval using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: In first analysis process, initial codes were extracted and then, 38 (out of the 82 existing potential tests) tests were identified. Finally, after proper examining of the validity and reliability of the tests, 12 tests including deep squat, inline lunge, trunk stability push up, rotary stability, shoulder mobility, triple hop for distance, hexagon, lateral lunge, triple jump for distance, sidearm medicine ball throw, closed kinetic chain upper extremity, and squat jump were identified for inclusion in screening test battery. Conclusion: Based on the results of the interviews, the interviewees' choices are more based on the similarity of the tests with the movement patterns and performance capabilities in volleyball and considering the anatomical areas prone to injury. More prospective and follow up studies with various volleyball players are needed to show the capability of these tests to predict injuries.

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Selected Core Stability and Hopping Exercise on Trunk Endurance and Balance of Female Kabaddi Athletes

Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a selected course of the core stabilization of body a... more This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a selected course of the core stabilization of body and hopping exercises on trunk strength and balance of female Kabaddi athletes. Methods: The subjects of this study consisted of 24 female Kabaddi players, who were randomly selected and intentionally assigned to two groups; experimental group (12 persons; Mean±SD age: 16.83±1.26 years, height: 1.61±0.04 m, weight: 56.50±3.06 kg, BMI: 21.84±1.73 kg/m 2 , and exercise history: 05.08±1.08 years) and control group (12 persons; Mean±SD age: 16.42±0.99 years, height: 1.60±0.05 m, weight: 59.08±8.68 kg, BMI: 23.03±1.71 kg/m 2 , and exercise history: 5.25±1.60 years). The experimental group performed a 6-week training program, 3 sessions per week, each session consisting of 40 minutes of core stabilization exercises and hopping. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic information and exercise history, and the Y-balance test and stork stand balance test were used to measure static and dynamic equilibrium, respectively. In addition, the strength of the core part was evaluated by trunk 60° flexion, Biering-Sorensen, forearm plank, and side plank (right and left) tests. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check the normality of the data. In the case of normal data, the paired t-test was used to evaluate the differences in mean values. Results: The results of this study showed a significant difference between the mean posttest scores of trunk strength and static and dynamic balance in both experimental and control groups (P<0.001) so that the subjects in the experimental group performed better in these tests. All statistical tests were performed at a significance level of 95% (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study show that combined balancing exercises for the core part of the body and hopping can improve the balance and endurance of the Kabaddi athletes and, thus, may prevent potential injuries.

Research paper thumbnail of Development of Screening Test Battery for Volleyball Players: A Mixed Method Study

Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal, Oct 30, 2017

Purpose: Design and development of functional movement screening in athletes are one of the impor... more Purpose: Design and development of functional movement screening in athletes are one of the important measures taken for reducing the injury in professional sports. Today, functional movement screening aimed at identifying athletes susceptible to injury is designed and implemented based on fundamental functional patterns and the performance of that particular sport. Currently, there are no standard protocols for the screening of volleyball-specific performance movements. Methods: In this study, 20 volleyball high level experts were selected through purposive sampling method. The study data were collected by semi-structured interviews and field notes in 2017. The interview transcripts were encoded using MAXQDA V. 10 software. To extract categories and subjects, the thematic analysis approach was used. The results of interviews were conducted in a questionnaire to determine the validity and reliability was investigated. Face validity, content validity and construct validity (convergent and divergent validity) of the questionnaire was evaluated, too. The reliability was estimated by a test-retest method of 2 weeks interval using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: In first analysis process, initial codes were extracted and then, 38 (out of the 82 existing potential tests) tests were identified. Finally, after proper examining of the validity and reliability of the tests, 12 tests including deep squat, inline lunge, trunk stability push up, rotary stability, shoulder mobility, triple hop for distance, hexagon, lateral lunge, triple jump for distance, sidearm medicine ball throw, closed kinetic chain upper extremity, and squat jump were identified for inclusion in screening test battery. Conclusion: Based on the results of the interviews, the interviewees' choices are more based on the similarity of the tests with the movement patterns and performance capabilities in volleyball and considering the anatomical areas prone to injury. More prospective and follow up studies with various volleyball players are needed to show the capability of these tests to predict injuries.

Research paper thumbnail of Functional Movement Screening Tests for the Prediction of Injuries in Volleyball: A Qualitative Study

Annals of Applied Sport Science

Background. There is little evidence to support the comprehensiveness of FMS in sports population... more Background. There is little evidence to support the comprehensiveness of FMS in sports populations to predict injuries. Ignoring rapid decelerations and high eccentric forces which may be characteristics of high risk for injury are evident in these tests. With this in mind, it seems logical to use tests to assess the performance of athletes so as to evaluate speed components as well as to identify the potential risk factors for injury. This can be a good complement to FMS. Objectives. This study aimed to identify functional movement screening tests to predict injuries in volleyball. Methods. In this descriptive study, 20 high-level experts in volleyball were selected through purposive sampling. The data were collected in 2017 through semi-structured interviews and field notes. The interview transcripts were encoded using MAXQDA10 software®. To extract the categories and subjects, the thematic analysis approach was used. Results. In the first analysis process, the initial codes were extracted and finally, 38 of the 82 existing potential tests were identified. Then, after various stages of determining the validity and reliability of 12 tests-deep squat, inline lunge, trunk stability push up, rotary stability, shoulder mobility, triple hop for distance, hexagon, lateral lunge, triple jump for distance, sidearm medicine ball throw, closed kinetic chain upper extremity and squat jump-were identified for inclusion in this tool. Conclusions. Based on the results of the interviews, it could be concluded that the interviewees' choices were based more on the tests' similarity with the type of movement patterns and performance capabilities in volleyball and considering the anatomical areas prone to injury as well.