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Intellectual property rights have been created to ensure protection against unfai... more Intellectual property rights have been created to ensure protection against unfair trade practices. Owners of intellectual property are granted protection by a state or country under varying conditions and periods of time. The need for Intellectual Property Rights has arisen because the concept of property has changed over the years. Intellectual property can be loosely defined as creations of the human mind. These could be incorporated in creative or inventive works, including distinctive signs or marks. Examples are books, paintings or other literary and artistic works, inventions, designs and trademarks. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are legal rights governing the use of such creations.This term covers a bundle of rights, such as patents, trademarks or copyrights, each different in scope and duration with a different purpose and effect. The potential knowledge as a creator of wealth is gaining currency all around the world. The biological diversity of the earth which is primarily concentrated in the tropics, i.e. developing countries, which is the raw material for biotechnology i.e. genes, folk varieties, land races, which can be used to develop new varieties by biotechnology.The research and development in biotechnology is principally confined to developed countries, particularly in private hands (mainly with MNCs). For their research and development they generally fall back on the genetic resources provided by developing countries, which were available to them free of charge till recently from the farmers and plant breeders from developing countries. The products or plant varieties, particularly created or developed from these genetic resources are protected through patents and plant breeder’s rights (PBR) in developed countries and are not freely accessible to developing countries.
Intellectual property rights have been created to ensure protection against unfai... more Intellectual property rights have been created to ensure protection against unfair trade practices. Owners of intellectual property are granted protection by a state or country under varying conditions and periods of time. The need for Intellectual Property Rights has arisen because the concept of property has changed over the years. Intellectual property can be loosely defined as creations of the human mind. These could be incorporated in creative or inventive works, including distinctive signs or marks. Examples are books, paintings or other literary and artistic works, inventions, designs and trademarks. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are legal rights governing the use of such creations.This term covers a bundle of rights, such as patents, trademarks or copyrights, each different in scope and duration with a different purpose and effect. The potential knowledge as a creator of wealth is gaining currency all around the world. The biological diversity of the earth which is primarily concentrated in the tropics, i.e. developing countries, which is the raw material for biotechnology i.e. genes, folk varieties, land races, which can be used to develop new varieties by biotechnology.The research and development in biotechnology is principally confined to developed countries, particularly in private hands (mainly with MNCs). For their research and development they generally fall back on the genetic resources provided by developing countries, which were available to them free of charge till recently from the farmers and plant breeders from developing countries. The products or plant varieties, particularly created or developed from these genetic resources are protected through patents and plant breeder’s rights (PBR) in developed countries and are not freely accessible to developing countries.