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Papers by marcus phillips

Research paper thumbnail of А Coin of Bohemond I of Antioch Overstruck by Tancred

The Ukrainian Numismatic Annual

After the city of Antioch was captured by the crusaders in 1098 Bohemond ofTarentum declared hims... more After the city of Antioch was captured by the crusaders in 1098 Bohemond ofTarentum declared himself Prince of Antioch. In the summer of 1099 he was captured bythe Danishmendids and remained a prisoner for four years. During his absence Antiochwas ruled by his nephew Tancred. In 1104 Bohemond left the Holy Land and neverreturned. Until his death in 1111 he titled himself Prince of Antioch and was succeededby his infant son, also called Bohemond. Tancred (1104–12) and his successor Roger(1112–19) also used the title 'Prince‘ and obviously considered themselves more thanjust simply 'regents‘ for Bohemond I or II.The coinage attributed to Bohemond I, prince of Antioch (1098–1111) consists of asingle type in copper in Byzantine style. It depicts a bust of St Peter on the obverse and afloreate cross, with the letters B H M T in the angles, on the reverse. Ever since it wasfirst attributed to Bohemond I by de Saulcy in 1847 it has been generally accepted thatthis type is a coin of...

Research paper thumbnail of The Mints of Nicomedia and Cyzicus during the Persian War 610-620

The usual figure quoted is 95% tax on land and 5% tax on trade. Hendy, Studies, p. 157. 4 Hendy, ... more The usual figure quoted is 95% tax on land and 5% tax on trade. Hendy, Studies, p. 157. 4 Hendy, 'Administrative basis', p. 138. 5 Comprising 6,000 coins it was discovered in 2007 in a village situated on the road between Damascus and Dera. At present it is 'being cleaned' and only 38 pieces have been published consisting of very worn folles of Anastasius and Justin I and seven of the 'military mint' NIKO year 6, six of KVZ dated year 10 and one of Maurice CNO (?) year 1. To what extent this high proportion of 'military' folles is reflected in the entire hoard will only be clear when (and if) it is ever properly published. As the authors put it, 'Une enquête ultérieure pourrait établir leur relation possible avec le rôle du limes syrien dans les campagnes contre les Perses', Kiwan and Morrisson, 'Trésors monétaires'.

Research paper thumbnail of The Mints of Nicomedia and Cyzicus during the Persian War 610-620

The usual figure quoted is 95% tax on land and 5% tax on trade. Hendy, Studies, p. 157. 4 Hendy, ... more The usual figure quoted is 95% tax on land and 5% tax on trade. Hendy, Studies, p. 157. 4 Hendy, 'Administrative basis', p. 138. 5 Comprising 6,000 coins it was discovered in 2007 in a village situated on the road between Damascus and Dera. At present it is 'being cleaned' and only 38 pieces have been published consisting of very worn folles of Anastasius and Justin I and seven of the 'military mint' NIKO year 6, six of KVZ dated year 10 and one of Maurice CNO (?) year 1. To what extent this high proportion of 'military' folles is reflected in the entire hoard will only be clear when (and if) it is ever properly published. As the authors put it, 'Une enquête ultérieure pourrait établir leur relation possible avec le rôle du limes syrien dans les campagnes contre les Perses', Kiwan and Morrisson, 'Trésors monétaires'.

Research paper thumbnail of The Monetary Use of Uncoined Silver in Western Europe in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries

Money and its Use in Medieval Europe Three Decades On Essays in Honour of Professor Peter Spufford Eds M. Allen and N. Mayhew RNS SP 52 2017 , 2017

Abstract The practicalities of using ingots as currency.as reflected in numismatic and literary e... more Abstract
The practicalities of using ingots as currency.as reflected in numismatic and literary evidence from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries..

Errata
(I never saw a final proof)
Page 4 Peine was in the Federal Republic not the GDR.
Page 6, n. 31 should be ‘at page 22’ not p. 29.
Page 6, Table. The three Thuringian hoards listed by Steguweit were Gotha, Nordhausen and Teistingen. I added both Pirna-Copitz and Barbarossa.
Page 9, seiqere / seigaere should read seigere. It is spelt correctly in the documentation.

Research paper thumbnail of Eastern Copies of Tenth and Eleventh Century Byzantine Coins.  A Preliminary Survey

Melanges Henri Pottier, 2019

The Byzantine re-conquest of Syria, Eastern Anatolia and the Balkans in the tenth and eleventh ce... more The Byzantine re-conquest of Syria, Eastern Anatolia and the Balkans in the tenth and eleventh centuries brought a large number of Byzantine copper coins into the re-occupied and neighbouring areas. These coins were widely imitated. This phenomenon has long been recognised but no attempt has been made to put these imitations into a historical context or survey the types.
Errata: Coin no. 42 is a later tetarteron.
It has been suggested that coin no. 43 is from the Seventh Century.

Research paper thumbnail of Islamic legends on pre-reform coins of Tabariya

... Tabariya: 1. ¹¬«[ ª½~ yv°o¯ Mukammad rasvl alldh (fig.2). 'Muhammad is the messenger of ... more ... Tabariya: 1. ¹¬«[ ª½~ yv°o¯ Mukammad rasvl alldh (fig.2). 'Muhammad is the messenger of God'. ... Tabariya. See Blankinship, K. (translator): The History of al-Jabari XI: The Challenge to the Empires. Albany, NY, 1993, p. 172-173. 16. ...

Research paper thumbnail of A Seventh-Century Syrian hoadr of Byzantine and imitative Copper coins

... Ayuda; Cambiar idioma Idioma Catal??. Cambiar. A Seventh-Century Syrian hoadr of Byzantine an... more ... Ayuda; Cambiar idioma Idioma Catal??. Cambiar. A Seventh-Century Syrian hoadr of Byzantine and imitative Copper coins. ...

Research paper thumbnail of A hoard of Tripoli gros and half gros and French grous tournois

Numismatic Chronicle, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of References to the French "maille tierce" in Italian accounts from 1278

Numismatic Chronicle, 1995

Research paper thumbnail of Islamic legends on pre-reform coins of Tabariya

XIII Congreso Internacional de Numismática, Madrid, …, 2005

... Tabariya: 1. ¹¬«[ ª½~ yv°o¯ Mukammad rasvl alldh (fig.2). 'Muhammad is the messenger of ... more ... Tabariya: 1. ¹¬«[ ª½~ yv°o¯ Mukammad rasvl alldh (fig.2). 'Muhammad is the messenger of God'. ... Tabariya. See Blankinship, K. (translator): The History of al-Jabari XI: The Challenge to the Empires. Albany, NY, 1993, p. 172-173. 16. ...

Research paper thumbnail of A Seventh-Century Syrian hoadr of Byzantine and imitative Copper coins

Numismatic Chronicle, 1997

... Ayuda; Cambiar idioma Idioma Catal??. Cambiar. A Seventh-Century Syrian hoadr of Byzantine an... more ... Ayuda; Cambiar idioma Idioma Catal??. Cambiar. A Seventh-Century Syrian hoadr of Byzantine and imitative Copper coins. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Currency in seventh-century Syria as a historical source

Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, 2004

... IS This in turn would help secure the date for the main Persian attack on Syria. ... Another ... more ... IS This in turn would help secure the date for the main Persian attack on Syria. ... Another peculiarity of the mint is that it apparently produces coins with Koranic legends not found ... These are the only Umayyad Imperial Image coins which, in my opinion, can be called 'Islamic'. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Currency in seventh-century Syria as a historical source

Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, 2004

... IS This in turn would help secure the date for the main Persian attack on Syria. ... Another ... more ... IS This in turn would help secure the date for the main Persian attack on Syria. ... Another peculiarity of the mint is that it apparently produces coins with Koranic legends not found ... These are the only Umayyad Imperial Image coins which, in my opinion, can be called 'Islamic'. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Riefenstahl's" Harassment

Research paper thumbnail of Coinage and the Early Arab State

Coinage and Coinage and History in the Seventh Century Near East ed. Andrew Oddy, Ingrid and Wolfgang Schulze , 2013

This paper deals with what coins can tell us about the historical identity of the early Arab stat... more This paper deals with what coins can tell us about the historical identity of the early Arab state. It compares developments with the West and considers in what ways they changed from the classical model.
Note typo on last page. Should read I do not recommend...

Research paper thumbnail of THE IMPORT OF BYZANTINE COINS TO SYRIA REVISITED

Arab Byzantine Coins and history ed. Tony Goodwin, 2011

INTRODUCTION The 1997 article In 1997 Tony Goodwin and I published a hoard of Byzantine and Pseud... more INTRODUCTION The 1997 article In 1997 Tony Goodwin and I published a hoard of Byzantine and Pseudo-Byzantine coins which was said to have come from Hama. The article concluded with a discussion of the occurrence of Byzantine copper coins in Syria long after the Arabs had occupied it. 2 This had been already been noted by several authors but had not been studied systematically. We argued that the volume of copper coins involved was far too great to be attributed to casual losses through commercial or military activity. Furthermore the phenomenon needed to be put into context by comparing finds from Syria with those from areas that were still held by the Byzantines: Anatolia, Cyprus and Greece.

Research paper thumbnail of The Numismatic Chronicle 173 Offprint COIN HOARDS 2013 MEDIEVAL and MODERN HOARDS A PARCEL OF SILVER GROS AND STERLINGS APPARENTLY FROM THE FLOSTOY (1883) HOARD

‘A parcel of silver gros and sterlings apparently from the Flostoy (1883) hoard’ From the Coin Ho... more ‘A parcel of silver gros and sterlings apparently from the Flostoy (1883) hoard’
From the Coin Hoards section of The Numismatic Chronicle 2013.

The article describes a group of fine silver coins which appeared in trade and seem to be a ‘lost’ element from the Flostoy hoard of 1883. The gros tournois in the parcel are analysed in detail.

Research paper thumbnail of THE EARLY USE AND IMITATION OF THE GROS TOURNOIS IN THE LOW COUNTRIES

Revue Belge de Numismatique, 2014

The paper begins by illustrating the inconvenience of using large numbers of silver pennies for l... more The paper begins by illustrating the inconvenience of using large numbers of silver pennies for large transactions. It then charts the progress of the French gros
tournois in the Low Countries (which as far as possible are treated as a unit rather than separate states) on the basis of numismatic and literary evidence. The gros made
little initial impact but began to play an increasingly important role afer 1279. It is suggested that this was not due to it being too large for everyday use but to a combination of shortage of supply and hoarding.
The gros was sufficiently important to be imitated by local rulers in the 1280s. Hostility to these imitations probably led to the production of deceptive imitations as well.
The onset of debasement in France after 1295 and the Franco-Flemish war, which brought large amounts of silver into the region, led to more imitations being produced. After 1305 the gros was well established in the circulating currency but there was considerable, if unjustified, suspicion of imitations and recent French issues.

Research paper thumbnail of NC173 Offprint 222100 Phillips

Research paper thumbnail of А Coin of Bohemond I of Antioch Overstruck by Tancred

The Ukrainian Numismatic Annual

After the city of Antioch was captured by the crusaders in 1098 Bohemond ofTarentum declared hims... more After the city of Antioch was captured by the crusaders in 1098 Bohemond ofTarentum declared himself Prince of Antioch. In the summer of 1099 he was captured bythe Danishmendids and remained a prisoner for four years. During his absence Antiochwas ruled by his nephew Tancred. In 1104 Bohemond left the Holy Land and neverreturned. Until his death in 1111 he titled himself Prince of Antioch and was succeededby his infant son, also called Bohemond. Tancred (1104–12) and his successor Roger(1112–19) also used the title 'Prince‘ and obviously considered themselves more thanjust simply 'regents‘ for Bohemond I or II.The coinage attributed to Bohemond I, prince of Antioch (1098–1111) consists of asingle type in copper in Byzantine style. It depicts a bust of St Peter on the obverse and afloreate cross, with the letters B H M T in the angles, on the reverse. Ever since it wasfirst attributed to Bohemond I by de Saulcy in 1847 it has been generally accepted thatthis type is a coin of...

Research paper thumbnail of The Mints of Nicomedia and Cyzicus during the Persian War 610-620

The usual figure quoted is 95% tax on land and 5% tax on trade. Hendy, Studies, p. 157. 4 Hendy, ... more The usual figure quoted is 95% tax on land and 5% tax on trade. Hendy, Studies, p. 157. 4 Hendy, 'Administrative basis', p. 138. 5 Comprising 6,000 coins it was discovered in 2007 in a village situated on the road between Damascus and Dera. At present it is 'being cleaned' and only 38 pieces have been published consisting of very worn folles of Anastasius and Justin I and seven of the 'military mint' NIKO year 6, six of KVZ dated year 10 and one of Maurice CNO (?) year 1. To what extent this high proportion of 'military' folles is reflected in the entire hoard will only be clear when (and if) it is ever properly published. As the authors put it, 'Une enquête ultérieure pourrait établir leur relation possible avec le rôle du limes syrien dans les campagnes contre les Perses', Kiwan and Morrisson, 'Trésors monétaires'.

Research paper thumbnail of The Mints of Nicomedia and Cyzicus during the Persian War 610-620

The usual figure quoted is 95% tax on land and 5% tax on trade. Hendy, Studies, p. 157. 4 Hendy, ... more The usual figure quoted is 95% tax on land and 5% tax on trade. Hendy, Studies, p. 157. 4 Hendy, 'Administrative basis', p. 138. 5 Comprising 6,000 coins it was discovered in 2007 in a village situated on the road between Damascus and Dera. At present it is 'being cleaned' and only 38 pieces have been published consisting of very worn folles of Anastasius and Justin I and seven of the 'military mint' NIKO year 6, six of KVZ dated year 10 and one of Maurice CNO (?) year 1. To what extent this high proportion of 'military' folles is reflected in the entire hoard will only be clear when (and if) it is ever properly published. As the authors put it, 'Une enquête ultérieure pourrait établir leur relation possible avec le rôle du limes syrien dans les campagnes contre les Perses', Kiwan and Morrisson, 'Trésors monétaires'.

Research paper thumbnail of The Monetary Use of Uncoined Silver in Western Europe in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries

Money and its Use in Medieval Europe Three Decades On Essays in Honour of Professor Peter Spufford Eds M. Allen and N. Mayhew RNS SP 52 2017 , 2017

Abstract The practicalities of using ingots as currency.as reflected in numismatic and literary e... more Abstract
The practicalities of using ingots as currency.as reflected in numismatic and literary evidence from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries..

Errata
(I never saw a final proof)
Page 4 Peine was in the Federal Republic not the GDR.
Page 6, n. 31 should be ‘at page 22’ not p. 29.
Page 6, Table. The three Thuringian hoards listed by Steguweit were Gotha, Nordhausen and Teistingen. I added both Pirna-Copitz and Barbarossa.
Page 9, seiqere / seigaere should read seigere. It is spelt correctly in the documentation.

Research paper thumbnail of Eastern Copies of Tenth and Eleventh Century Byzantine Coins.  A Preliminary Survey

Melanges Henri Pottier, 2019

The Byzantine re-conquest of Syria, Eastern Anatolia and the Balkans in the tenth and eleventh ce... more The Byzantine re-conquest of Syria, Eastern Anatolia and the Balkans in the tenth and eleventh centuries brought a large number of Byzantine copper coins into the re-occupied and neighbouring areas. These coins were widely imitated. This phenomenon has long been recognised but no attempt has been made to put these imitations into a historical context or survey the types.
Errata: Coin no. 42 is a later tetarteron.
It has been suggested that coin no. 43 is from the Seventh Century.

Research paper thumbnail of Islamic legends on pre-reform coins of Tabariya

... Tabariya: 1. ¹¬«[ ª½~ yv°o¯ Mukammad rasvl alldh (fig.2). 'Muhammad is the messenger of ... more ... Tabariya: 1. ¹¬«[ ª½~ yv°o¯ Mukammad rasvl alldh (fig.2). 'Muhammad is the messenger of God'. ... Tabariya. See Blankinship, K. (translator): The History of al-Jabari XI: The Challenge to the Empires. Albany, NY, 1993, p. 172-173. 16. ...

Research paper thumbnail of A Seventh-Century Syrian hoadr of Byzantine and imitative Copper coins

... Ayuda; Cambiar idioma Idioma Catal??. Cambiar. A Seventh-Century Syrian hoadr of Byzantine an... more ... Ayuda; Cambiar idioma Idioma Catal??. Cambiar. A Seventh-Century Syrian hoadr of Byzantine and imitative Copper coins. ...

Research paper thumbnail of A hoard of Tripoli gros and half gros and French grous tournois

Numismatic Chronicle, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of References to the French "maille tierce" in Italian accounts from 1278

Numismatic Chronicle, 1995

Research paper thumbnail of Islamic legends on pre-reform coins of Tabariya

XIII Congreso Internacional de Numismática, Madrid, …, 2005

... Tabariya: 1. ¹¬«[ ª½~ yv°o¯ Mukammad rasvl alldh (fig.2). 'Muhammad is the messenger of ... more ... Tabariya: 1. ¹¬«[ ª½~ yv°o¯ Mukammad rasvl alldh (fig.2). 'Muhammad is the messenger of God'. ... Tabariya. See Blankinship, K. (translator): The History of al-Jabari XI: The Challenge to the Empires. Albany, NY, 1993, p. 172-173. 16. ...

Research paper thumbnail of A Seventh-Century Syrian hoadr of Byzantine and imitative Copper coins

Numismatic Chronicle, 1997

... Ayuda; Cambiar idioma Idioma Catal??. Cambiar. A Seventh-Century Syrian hoadr of Byzantine an... more ... Ayuda; Cambiar idioma Idioma Catal??. Cambiar. A Seventh-Century Syrian hoadr of Byzantine and imitative Copper coins. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Currency in seventh-century Syria as a historical source

Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, 2004

... IS This in turn would help secure the date for the main Persian attack on Syria. ... Another ... more ... IS This in turn would help secure the date for the main Persian attack on Syria. ... Another peculiarity of the mint is that it apparently produces coins with Koranic legends not found ... These are the only Umayyad Imperial Image coins which, in my opinion, can be called 'Islamic'. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Currency in seventh-century Syria as a historical source

Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, 2004

... IS This in turn would help secure the date for the main Persian attack on Syria. ... Another ... more ... IS This in turn would help secure the date for the main Persian attack on Syria. ... Another peculiarity of the mint is that it apparently produces coins with Koranic legends not found ... These are the only Umayyad Imperial Image coins which, in my opinion, can be called 'Islamic'. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Riefenstahl's" Harassment

Research paper thumbnail of Coinage and the Early Arab State

Coinage and Coinage and History in the Seventh Century Near East ed. Andrew Oddy, Ingrid and Wolfgang Schulze , 2013

This paper deals with what coins can tell us about the historical identity of the early Arab stat... more This paper deals with what coins can tell us about the historical identity of the early Arab state. It compares developments with the West and considers in what ways they changed from the classical model.
Note typo on last page. Should read I do not recommend...

Research paper thumbnail of THE IMPORT OF BYZANTINE COINS TO SYRIA REVISITED

Arab Byzantine Coins and history ed. Tony Goodwin, 2011

INTRODUCTION The 1997 article In 1997 Tony Goodwin and I published a hoard of Byzantine and Pseud... more INTRODUCTION The 1997 article In 1997 Tony Goodwin and I published a hoard of Byzantine and Pseudo-Byzantine coins which was said to have come from Hama. The article concluded with a discussion of the occurrence of Byzantine copper coins in Syria long after the Arabs had occupied it. 2 This had been already been noted by several authors but had not been studied systematically. We argued that the volume of copper coins involved was far too great to be attributed to casual losses through commercial or military activity. Furthermore the phenomenon needed to be put into context by comparing finds from Syria with those from areas that were still held by the Byzantines: Anatolia, Cyprus and Greece.

Research paper thumbnail of The Numismatic Chronicle 173 Offprint COIN HOARDS 2013 MEDIEVAL and MODERN HOARDS A PARCEL OF SILVER GROS AND STERLINGS APPARENTLY FROM THE FLOSTOY (1883) HOARD

‘A parcel of silver gros and sterlings apparently from the Flostoy (1883) hoard’ From the Coin Ho... more ‘A parcel of silver gros and sterlings apparently from the Flostoy (1883) hoard’
From the Coin Hoards section of The Numismatic Chronicle 2013.

The article describes a group of fine silver coins which appeared in trade and seem to be a ‘lost’ element from the Flostoy hoard of 1883. The gros tournois in the parcel are analysed in detail.

Research paper thumbnail of THE EARLY USE AND IMITATION OF THE GROS TOURNOIS IN THE LOW COUNTRIES

Revue Belge de Numismatique, 2014

The paper begins by illustrating the inconvenience of using large numbers of silver pennies for l... more The paper begins by illustrating the inconvenience of using large numbers of silver pennies for large transactions. It then charts the progress of the French gros
tournois in the Low Countries (which as far as possible are treated as a unit rather than separate states) on the basis of numismatic and literary evidence. The gros made
little initial impact but began to play an increasingly important role afer 1279. It is suggested that this was not due to it being too large for everyday use but to a combination of shortage of supply and hoarding.
The gros was sufficiently important to be imitated by local rulers in the 1280s. Hostility to these imitations probably led to the production of deceptive imitations as well.
The onset of debasement in France after 1295 and the Franco-Flemish war, which brought large amounts of silver into the region, led to more imitations being produced. After 1305 the gros was well established in the circulating currency but there was considerable, if unjustified, suspicion of imitations and recent French issues.

Research paper thumbnail of NC173 Offprint 222100 Phillips