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Research paper thumbnail of Training Parents or Children? Which is More Successful in Controlling Passive Smoking?

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been shown to have adverse health ha... more Abstract INTRODUCTION: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been shown to have adverse health hazards for children. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of two intervention programs for controlling passive smoking in children based on their ...

Research paper thumbnail of Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Liver: A Case Report

Although they could spread to the liver from the primary involved sites in the form of liver meta... more Although they could spread to the liver from the primary involved sites in the form of liver metastasis, they might uncommonly occur in the liver as a primary phenomenon. Primary SCC of the liver is a very rare phenomenon and about 35 cases have been reported worldwide in the English literature to the date of publication of this report (2).The first case of primary SCC of the liver was reported by Lami and colleagues in 1934 (3). Herein, we reported a case of primary SCC in a 50-year-old lady presented with a hepatic mass. CASE REPORT A 50-year-old lady presented with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distention since about one month prior to her admission to the hospital. Her medical history was not significant. Main laboratory findings during her hospital stay are demonstrated in table 1. Abdominal sonography revealed an illdefined heterogeneous mass-like lesion about 6 cm

Research paper thumbnail of Predisposing factors, incidence and mortality of pneumothorax in a neonatal intensive care unit in Isfahan, Iran

Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics, Jun 1, 2010

To assess the predisposing factors, frequency and mortality of pneumothorax (PTX) among the newbo... more To assess the predisposing factors, frequency and mortality of pneumothorax (PTX) among the newborns hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Isfahan, Iran. The data of 43 cases of PTX among the 738 neonates hospitalized in the NICU were analyzed retrospectively according to gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, type of delivery, age of mother, parity, perinatal asphyxia, resuscitation at birth, side of PTX, mechanical ventilation, surfactant therapy, and underlying lung disorders. Mean gestational age was 31 weeks and birth weight was 1 596 g in the PTX cases. The gestational age of 12 (28%) neonates was less than 28 weeks. Twenty-eight (65%) neonates were below 1,500 g. In total, PTX occurred in 43 (5.8%) neonates. Sixty-three episodes of PTX (97%) were unilateral and 2 (3%) were bilateral. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (40/43, 93%) and mechanical ventilation (37/43, 86%) were common predisposing factors of PTX. Overall, 28 (65%) neonates with PTX died. Birth weight, gestational age and chest tube duration were significantly different between dead and surviving infants. The mortality rate was significantly higher in neonates who required surfactant therapy than that in those who did not require it. The incidence and mortality of PTX in this study were higher than some other reports and this might be attributed to lower birth weight and gestational age. RDS and mechanical ventilation were the most common predisposing factors for the development of neonatal PTX, and mortality increased with lower birth weight, lower gestational age and more severe underlying primary lung disease.

Research paper thumbnail of Pruritus‐reducing effects of omega‐3 fatty acids in hemodialysis patients: A cross‐over randomized clinical trial

Hemodialysis International, Feb 3, 2022

IntroductionChronic kidney disease‐associated pruritus is a common complication in patients with ... more IntroductionChronic kidney disease‐associated pruritus is a common complication in patients with end‐stage renal disease. In this study, we have explored the outcome of omega‐3 supplementary intake for the treatment of this symptom.MethodsThis double‐blinded, randomized, crossover study was conducted in two dialysis centers in which 40 hemodialysis patients suffering from pruritus were randomly assigned into two groups (Group A and Group B). Patients in Group A consumed omega‐3 capsules for 4 weeks and after a washout period (6 weeks), they took placebo for another 4 weeks. The same was performed in Group B but in the reverse order. Pruritus score was determined at the baseline, Week 4, 10, and 14. Serum levels of prostaglandin E2 were also recorded at the baseline and Week 4.ResultsThere was a statistically significant reduction of pruritus score in patients who took the omega‐3 fatty acid supplement. The mean pruritus score decreased significantly in both first (−3.41 ± 2.62, p < 0.001) and second (−1.00 ± 1.84, p = 0.04) treatment period after omega‐3 treatment; but no significant mean pruritus score difference in placebo group after both intervention periods was observed. The decrease in prostaglandin E2 amount was not statistically significant in the intervention (omega‐3) group compared to the placebo group (p = 0.204).DiscussionOur observations indicate that omega‐3 fatty acids (3 grams per day) have decreasing effects on pruritus. Also, reduction in prostaglandin E2 levels in the omega‐3 group did not differ from the changes in the placebo group.

Research paper thumbnail of Early outcome of preterm infants with birth weight of 1500 g or less and gestational age of 30 weeks or less in Isfahan city, Iran

World Journal of Pediatrics, 2010

Background: The outcome of preterm neonates has been varied in different hospitals and regions in... more Background: The outcome of preterm neonates has been varied in different hospitals and regions in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the mortality, morbidity and survival of neonates weighing 1500 g or less and with gestational age of 30 weeks or less who were admitted to referral neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of two hospitals in Isfahan city, Iran and to investigate the effect of birth weight, gestational age and Apgar score on infant mortality. Methods: We studied retrospectively the morbidity, mortality and survival of 194 newborns with a birth weight of ≤1500 g and a gestational age of ≤30 weeks who had been hospitalized during a 15-month period in NICUs of the two referral hospitals. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival of the neonates. The survival was defi ned as the discharge of live infant from the hospital within 75 days. Results: Overall, 125 (64.4%; 95%CI 58%-71%) of the 194 infants died during their hospital stay. The morbidity in this study was as follows: respiratory distress syndrome 76% (95%CI 70%-82%), septicemia 30.9% (95%CI 24%-37%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia 10.3% (95%CI 6%-15%), necrotizing enterocolitis 6.7% (95%CI 3%-10%), patent ductus arteriosus 12.4% (95%CI 8%-17%), intraventricular hemorrhage 7.2% (95%CI 4%-11%), and apnea 16.5% (95%CI 11%-22%). Packed cell transfusion was required in 43.3% (95%CI 36%-50%) of the neonates. The Kaplan Meier survival analysis revealed that 75% of the infants would live past 2 days, 50% after 14 days, and 25% after 69 days. Conclusions: Even with modern perinatal technology and care, early deaths of very low birth weight infants are still common in our referral hospitals. The outcome of infants born at 24-28 weeks is unfavorable. The hospital level is an important factor affecting the mortality and morbidity of these infants.

Research paper thumbnail of Pruritus‐reducing effects of omega‐3 fatty acids in hemodialysis patients: A cross‐over randomized clinical trial

Hemodialysis International

IntroductionChronic kidney disease‐associated pruritus is a common complication in patients with ... more IntroductionChronic kidney disease‐associated pruritus is a common complication in patients with end‐stage renal disease. In this study, we have explored the outcome of omega‐3 supplementary intake for the treatment of this symptom.MethodsThis double‐blinded, randomized, crossover study was conducted in two dialysis centers in which 40 hemodialysis patients suffering from pruritus were randomly assigned into two groups (Group A and Group B). Patients in Group A consumed omega‐3 capsules for 4 weeks and after a washout period (6 weeks), they took placebo for another 4 weeks. The same was performed in Group B but in the reverse order. Pruritus score was determined at the baseline, Week 4, 10, and 14. Serum levels of prostaglandin E2 were also recorded at the baseline and Week 4.ResultsThere was a statistically significant reduction of pruritus score in patients who took the omega‐3 fatty acid supplement. The mean pruritus score decreased significantly in both first (−3.41 ± 2.62, p &l...

Research paper thumbnail of Training Parents or Children? Which is More Successful in Controlling Passive Smoking?

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been shown to have adverse health ha... more Abstract INTRODUCTION: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been shown to have adverse health hazards for children. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of two intervention programs for controlling passive smoking in children based on their ...

Research paper thumbnail of Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Liver: A Case Report

Although they could spread to the liver from the primary involved sites in the form of liver meta... more Although they could spread to the liver from the primary involved sites in the form of liver metastasis, they might uncommonly occur in the liver as a primary phenomenon. Primary SCC of the liver is a very rare phenomenon and about 35 cases have been reported worldwide in the English literature to the date of publication of this report (2).The first case of primary SCC of the liver was reported by Lami and colleagues in 1934 (3). Herein, we reported a case of primary SCC in a 50-year-old lady presented with a hepatic mass. CASE REPORT A 50-year-old lady presented with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distention since about one month prior to her admission to the hospital. Her medical history was not significant. Main laboratory findings during her hospital stay are demonstrated in table 1. Abdominal sonography revealed an illdefined heterogeneous mass-like lesion about 6 cm

Research paper thumbnail of Predisposing factors, incidence and mortality of pneumothorax in a neonatal intensive care unit in Isfahan, Iran

Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics, Jun 1, 2010

To assess the predisposing factors, frequency and mortality of pneumothorax (PTX) among the newbo... more To assess the predisposing factors, frequency and mortality of pneumothorax (PTX) among the newborns hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Isfahan, Iran. The data of 43 cases of PTX among the 738 neonates hospitalized in the NICU were analyzed retrospectively according to gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, type of delivery, age of mother, parity, perinatal asphyxia, resuscitation at birth, side of PTX, mechanical ventilation, surfactant therapy, and underlying lung disorders. Mean gestational age was 31 weeks and birth weight was 1 596 g in the PTX cases. The gestational age of 12 (28%) neonates was less than 28 weeks. Twenty-eight (65%) neonates were below 1,500 g. In total, PTX occurred in 43 (5.8%) neonates. Sixty-three episodes of PTX (97%) were unilateral and 2 (3%) were bilateral. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (40/43, 93%) and mechanical ventilation (37/43, 86%) were common predisposing factors of PTX. Overall, 28 (65%) neonates with PTX died. Birth weight, gestational age and chest tube duration were significantly different between dead and surviving infants. The mortality rate was significantly higher in neonates who required surfactant therapy than that in those who did not require it. The incidence and mortality of PTX in this study were higher than some other reports and this might be attributed to lower birth weight and gestational age. RDS and mechanical ventilation were the most common predisposing factors for the development of neonatal PTX, and mortality increased with lower birth weight, lower gestational age and more severe underlying primary lung disease.

Research paper thumbnail of Pruritus‐reducing effects of omega‐3 fatty acids in hemodialysis patients: A cross‐over randomized clinical trial

Hemodialysis International, Feb 3, 2022

IntroductionChronic kidney disease‐associated pruritus is a common complication in patients with ... more IntroductionChronic kidney disease‐associated pruritus is a common complication in patients with end‐stage renal disease. In this study, we have explored the outcome of omega‐3 supplementary intake for the treatment of this symptom.MethodsThis double‐blinded, randomized, crossover study was conducted in two dialysis centers in which 40 hemodialysis patients suffering from pruritus were randomly assigned into two groups (Group A and Group B). Patients in Group A consumed omega‐3 capsules for 4 weeks and after a washout period (6 weeks), they took placebo for another 4 weeks. The same was performed in Group B but in the reverse order. Pruritus score was determined at the baseline, Week 4, 10, and 14. Serum levels of prostaglandin E2 were also recorded at the baseline and Week 4.ResultsThere was a statistically significant reduction of pruritus score in patients who took the omega‐3 fatty acid supplement. The mean pruritus score decreased significantly in both first (−3.41 ± 2.62, p < 0.001) and second (−1.00 ± 1.84, p = 0.04) treatment period after omega‐3 treatment; but no significant mean pruritus score difference in placebo group after both intervention periods was observed. The decrease in prostaglandin E2 amount was not statistically significant in the intervention (omega‐3) group compared to the placebo group (p = 0.204).DiscussionOur observations indicate that omega‐3 fatty acids (3 grams per day) have decreasing effects on pruritus. Also, reduction in prostaglandin E2 levels in the omega‐3 group did not differ from the changes in the placebo group.

Research paper thumbnail of Early outcome of preterm infants with birth weight of 1500 g or less and gestational age of 30 weeks or less in Isfahan city, Iran

World Journal of Pediatrics, 2010

Background: The outcome of preterm neonates has been varied in different hospitals and regions in... more Background: The outcome of preterm neonates has been varied in different hospitals and regions in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the mortality, morbidity and survival of neonates weighing 1500 g or less and with gestational age of 30 weeks or less who were admitted to referral neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of two hospitals in Isfahan city, Iran and to investigate the effect of birth weight, gestational age and Apgar score on infant mortality. Methods: We studied retrospectively the morbidity, mortality and survival of 194 newborns with a birth weight of ≤1500 g and a gestational age of ≤30 weeks who had been hospitalized during a 15-month period in NICUs of the two referral hospitals. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival of the neonates. The survival was defi ned as the discharge of live infant from the hospital within 75 days. Results: Overall, 125 (64.4%; 95%CI 58%-71%) of the 194 infants died during their hospital stay. The morbidity in this study was as follows: respiratory distress syndrome 76% (95%CI 70%-82%), septicemia 30.9% (95%CI 24%-37%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia 10.3% (95%CI 6%-15%), necrotizing enterocolitis 6.7% (95%CI 3%-10%), patent ductus arteriosus 12.4% (95%CI 8%-17%), intraventricular hemorrhage 7.2% (95%CI 4%-11%), and apnea 16.5% (95%CI 11%-22%). Packed cell transfusion was required in 43.3% (95%CI 36%-50%) of the neonates. The Kaplan Meier survival analysis revealed that 75% of the infants would live past 2 days, 50% after 14 days, and 25% after 69 days. Conclusions: Even with modern perinatal technology and care, early deaths of very low birth weight infants are still common in our referral hospitals. The outcome of infants born at 24-28 weeks is unfavorable. The hospital level is an important factor affecting the mortality and morbidity of these infants.

Research paper thumbnail of Pruritus‐reducing effects of omega‐3 fatty acids in hemodialysis patients: A cross‐over randomized clinical trial

Hemodialysis International

IntroductionChronic kidney disease‐associated pruritus is a common complication in patients with ... more IntroductionChronic kidney disease‐associated pruritus is a common complication in patients with end‐stage renal disease. In this study, we have explored the outcome of omega‐3 supplementary intake for the treatment of this symptom.MethodsThis double‐blinded, randomized, crossover study was conducted in two dialysis centers in which 40 hemodialysis patients suffering from pruritus were randomly assigned into two groups (Group A and Group B). Patients in Group A consumed omega‐3 capsules for 4 weeks and after a washout period (6 weeks), they took placebo for another 4 weeks. The same was performed in Group B but in the reverse order. Pruritus score was determined at the baseline, Week 4, 10, and 14. Serum levels of prostaglandin E2 were also recorded at the baseline and Week 4.ResultsThere was a statistically significant reduction of pruritus score in patients who took the omega‐3 fatty acid supplement. The mean pruritus score decreased significantly in both first (−3.41 ± 2.62, p &l...