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Teaching Documents by Meharu K E M A L Yunus
TRAINING MATERIAL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN DAIRY INDUSTRIES
The dairy industry like other industries in Ethiopia has come under increasing pressure to improv... more The dairy industry like other industries in Ethiopia has come under increasing pressure to improve its environmental performance. The pressures for change in Ethiopia have come from changes in environmental legislation, trade negotiations and customers who are concerned about the conditions in which the product they are purchasing is manufactured.
This manual briefly describes the effects of dairy processing operations on the environment, Solid and wastewater sources and characteristics, wastewater treatment, solid waste management and disposal, use of energy and air emissions.
The dairy industry handles large volumes of milk, and the major waste material from processing is the wastewater. The water removed from the milk can contain considerable amounts of organic milk products and minerals. Addition to these, cleaning of plant results in caustic wastewater. This manual discusses the impacts of different wastes would have if released in the environment, methods to minimize the amount of both the organic and inorganic materials in the wastes, and methods of reducing the total volume of wastes released. These methods involve improved techniques of recovering dissolved material and greater recycling of water.
Papers by Meharu K E M A L Yunus
Environmental analysis & ecology studies, Nov 7, 2019
During abattoir operation numerous wastes obviously generated and pose a significant challenge to... more During abattoir operation numerous wastes obviously generated and pose a significant challenge to the effective environmental management practices. Rising of offensive odour and polluted water bodies and Residential areas are affected by abattoir activities where effective waste treatment and disposal systems are not practiced. This study aims to generate information on environmental implications of abattoir activities through scientific estimation of wastes generated, the corresponding slaughtered animals and waste management practices. For this, an analytical survey approach, questionnaire, personal communication and secondary data were used and found out a total of 18,599 cattle, 301,332 sheep and 8,948,761 goats were slaughtered and from these, a total of 23,864.73ton solid waste and 76,977.65m3 liquid waste has been generated in between September 2014 -March 2018. 1 percent of the total solid waste was incinerated, 0.5% was open burned and the left over 98.5% was transported to landfill. In some cases, solid wastes are burred (put in the ground) but that was occurred on the odd occasions. Whereas, liquid waste management practices were highly improved from using primary and secondary treatment systems to reusing for greenery and cleaning purposes increased from 27% to 50%. Furthermore, waste management practices were found to be environmentally unfriend and need some improvement and so far, it seems no sufficient facilities as well legal enforcements that oblige abattoirs to treat and dispose their wastes in a way environmentally friendly. Therefore, developing strategies, monitoring and evaluation systems and providing successive environmental trainings parallel with legal enforcements are highly recommended. Keywords: Abattoirs; Environment; Management practices; Waste generation
Meharu Kemal, 2019
During abattoir operation numerous wastes obviously generated and pose a significant challenge to... more During abattoir operation numerous wastes obviously generated and pose a significant challenge to the effective environmental management practices. Rising of offensive odour and polluted water bodies and
Residential areas are affected by abattoir activities where effective waste treatment and disposal systems are not practiced. This study aims to generate information on environmental implications of abattoir
activities through scientific estimation of wastes generated, the corresponding slaughtered animals and waste management practices. For this, an analytical survey approach, questionnaire, personal communication and secondary data were used and found out a total of 18,599 cattle, 301,332 sheep and 8,948,761 goats were slaughtered and from these, a total of 23,864.73ton solid waste and 76,977.65m3 liquid waste has been generated in between September 2014 -March 2018. 1 percent of the total solid waste was incinerated, 0.5% was open
burned and the left over 98.5% was transported to landfill. In some cases, solid wastes are burred (put in the ground) but that was occurred on the odd occasions. Whereas, liquid waste management practices were highly improved from using primary and secondary treatment systems to reusing for greenery and cleaning purposes increased from 27% to 50%. Furthermore, waste management practices were found to be environmentally unfriend and need some improvement and so far, it seems no sufficient facilities as well legal enforcements that oblige abattoirs to treat and dispose their wastes in a way environmentally friendly. Therefore, developing strategies, monitoring and evaluation systems and providing successive environmental trainings parallel with legal enforcements are highly recommended.
Keywords: Abattoirs; Environment; Management practices; Waste generation
Scholarena (Journal of Waste Management and Disposal), 2019
In Ethiopia, to about 3,300,000 tons of surplus coffee, cotton, wheat and barley residues are pro... more In Ethiopia, to about 3,300,000 tons of surplus coffee, cotton, wheat and barley residues are produced annually though not all are economically accessible; Even the much-reduced figure of those residues which arise from centralized state-farms, put at about 600,000 tons, is large enough to make a significant contribution to the Ethiopian energy economy. Briquetting is the process of conversion of agricultural waste into uniformly shaped briquettes that are easy to use, transport and store. At present, Coffee husks are an excellent material for briquetting available with 10 percent moisture content. This study aims comparing briquettes produced from coffee huskmolasses and coffee husk-clay, assessing the briquetting of biomass improves its handling characteristics, increases the volumetric calorific value, reduces transportation costs and makes it available for a variety of application and go through assessing the recent binder less briquetting technology.
TRAINING MATERIAL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN DAIRY INDUSTRIES
The dairy industry like other industries in Ethiopia has come under increasing pressure to improv... more The dairy industry like other industries in Ethiopia has come under increasing pressure to improve its environmental performance. The pressures for change in Ethiopia have come from changes in environmental legislation, trade negotiations and customers who are concerned about the conditions in which the product they are purchasing is manufactured.
This manual briefly describes the effects of dairy processing operations on the environment, Solid and wastewater sources and characteristics, wastewater treatment, solid waste management and disposal, use of energy and air emissions.
The dairy industry handles large volumes of milk, and the major waste material from processing is the wastewater. The water removed from the milk can contain considerable amounts of organic milk products and minerals. Addition to these, cleaning of plant results in caustic wastewater. This manual discusses the impacts of different wastes would have if released in the environment, methods to minimize the amount of both the organic and inorganic materials in the wastes, and methods of reducing the total volume of wastes released. These methods involve improved techniques of recovering dissolved material and greater recycling of water.
Environmental analysis & ecology studies, Nov 7, 2019
During abattoir operation numerous wastes obviously generated and pose a significant challenge to... more During abattoir operation numerous wastes obviously generated and pose a significant challenge to the effective environmental management practices. Rising of offensive odour and polluted water bodies and Residential areas are affected by abattoir activities where effective waste treatment and disposal systems are not practiced. This study aims to generate information on environmental implications of abattoir activities through scientific estimation of wastes generated, the corresponding slaughtered animals and waste management practices. For this, an analytical survey approach, questionnaire, personal communication and secondary data were used and found out a total of 18,599 cattle, 301,332 sheep and 8,948,761 goats were slaughtered and from these, a total of 23,864.73ton solid waste and 76,977.65m3 liquid waste has been generated in between September 2014 -March 2018. 1 percent of the total solid waste was incinerated, 0.5% was open burned and the left over 98.5% was transported to landfill. In some cases, solid wastes are burred (put in the ground) but that was occurred on the odd occasions. Whereas, liquid waste management practices were highly improved from using primary and secondary treatment systems to reusing for greenery and cleaning purposes increased from 27% to 50%. Furthermore, waste management practices were found to be environmentally unfriend and need some improvement and so far, it seems no sufficient facilities as well legal enforcements that oblige abattoirs to treat and dispose their wastes in a way environmentally friendly. Therefore, developing strategies, monitoring and evaluation systems and providing successive environmental trainings parallel with legal enforcements are highly recommended. Keywords: Abattoirs; Environment; Management practices; Waste generation
Meharu Kemal, 2019
During abattoir operation numerous wastes obviously generated and pose a significant challenge to... more During abattoir operation numerous wastes obviously generated and pose a significant challenge to the effective environmental management practices. Rising of offensive odour and polluted water bodies and
Residential areas are affected by abattoir activities where effective waste treatment and disposal systems are not practiced. This study aims to generate information on environmental implications of abattoir
activities through scientific estimation of wastes generated, the corresponding slaughtered animals and waste management practices. For this, an analytical survey approach, questionnaire, personal communication and secondary data were used and found out a total of 18,599 cattle, 301,332 sheep and 8,948,761 goats were slaughtered and from these, a total of 23,864.73ton solid waste and 76,977.65m3 liquid waste has been generated in between September 2014 -March 2018. 1 percent of the total solid waste was incinerated, 0.5% was open
burned and the left over 98.5% was transported to landfill. In some cases, solid wastes are burred (put in the ground) but that was occurred on the odd occasions. Whereas, liquid waste management practices were highly improved from using primary and secondary treatment systems to reusing for greenery and cleaning purposes increased from 27% to 50%. Furthermore, waste management practices were found to be environmentally unfriend and need some improvement and so far, it seems no sufficient facilities as well legal enforcements that oblige abattoirs to treat and dispose their wastes in a way environmentally friendly. Therefore, developing strategies, monitoring and evaluation systems and providing successive environmental trainings parallel with legal enforcements are highly recommended.
Keywords: Abattoirs; Environment; Management practices; Waste generation
Scholarena (Journal of Waste Management and Disposal), 2019
In Ethiopia, to about 3,300,000 tons of surplus coffee, cotton, wheat and barley residues are pro... more In Ethiopia, to about 3,300,000 tons of surplus coffee, cotton, wheat and barley residues are produced annually though not all are economically accessible; Even the much-reduced figure of those residues which arise from centralized state-farms, put at about 600,000 tons, is large enough to make a significant contribution to the Ethiopian energy economy. Briquetting is the process of conversion of agricultural waste into uniformly shaped briquettes that are easy to use, transport and store. At present, Coffee husks are an excellent material for briquetting available with 10 percent moisture content. This study aims comparing briquettes produced from coffee huskmolasses and coffee husk-clay, assessing the briquetting of biomass improves its handling characteristics, increases the volumetric calorific value, reduces transportation costs and makes it available for a variety of application and go through assessing the recent binder less briquetting technology.