mehmet berkun - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by mehmet berkun
Water Research, 2005
Copper mine tailings are discharged to the anoxic zone of the Black Sea at 350 m depth, and there... more Copper mine tailings are discharged to the anoxic zone of the Black Sea at 350 m depth, and there is currently consideration of reducing this discharge depth. Oceanographic sampling has provided data allowing calculating whether dilute buoyant plumes will separate from the tailings density current as predicted. Calculations for various discharge rates and slurry dilutions indicate that such plumes will rise 89mabovethedischargedepth,hencewillremaininthedeepanoxiczonebelowthepermanentpycnoclineat89 m above the discharge depth, hence will remain in the deep anoxic zone below the permanent pycnocline at 89mabovethedischargedepth,hencewillremaininthedeepanoxiczonebelowthepermanentpycnoclineat150 m depth at both the present and currently proposed sites. There is some indication from relative seawater density measures that these plumes will drift rather than spreading diffusely. Plume separation from controlled discharges of the tailings slurry was confirmed by visual observations in an experimental tank. The oceanographic sampling also showed that trace element levels in the seawater by the discharge point remained below Turkish marine receiving water quality criteria.
Energy for Sustainable Development, 2010
Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2008
Each day some 400-450 ton solid waste is dumped on land and in the sea and rivers in the coastal ... more Each day some 400-450 ton solid waste is dumped on land and in the sea and rivers in the coastal cities of the eastern Black Sea, creating serious environmental problems. The paper reports the engineering geological studies of a proposed landfill site for Trabzon, a major city in the region. Fieldwork included scan-line and seismic surveys as well as boreholes and in-situ testing. Water absorption tests indicated permeabilities in the order of 10-8 m/s. Keywords Eastern Black Sea Á Engineering geology Á Landfill site selection Résumé Chaque jour environ trois cents à trois cent cinquante tonnes de déchets solides sont déversées sur terre, dans les rivières et en bord de mer, près des villes côtières de la Mer Noire orientale, créant de sérieux problèmes environnementaux. L'article présente les études de géologie de l'ingénieur réalisées pour un site de stockage de déchets pour Trabzon, une ville importante de la région. Les travaux de terrain ont comporté des investigations à partir de lignes de mesure et de prospections sismiques, ainsi que des forages et des essais en place. Des tests d'absorption d'eau ont permis de déterminer des perméabilités des terrains de l'ordre de 10-8 m/s. Mots clés Mer Noire orientale Á Géologie de l'ingénieur Á Choix de site de stockage
Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2014
One of the most common tests for the determination of strength and organic content of wastewater ... more One of the most common tests for the determination of strength and organic content of wastewater is the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). This test is widely applied to define organic water pollution and to control the performance of wastewater treatment plants. Generally, BOD is standardized by the measurement of oxygen consumption in 5 days (BOD 5). But, determination of the ultimate biochemical oxygen demand (BOD u), which is taken 28 days and the reaction rate constant (k) are necessary to understand the organic strength of the wastewater. In this study, the different mathematical methods in order to determine the BOD parameters (BOD u , k) and two different BOD test method (respirometer and dilution method) are investigated comparatively. Also, a new method based on cubic spline method to estimate ultimate BOD values is developed. Moreover, the impacts of BOD parameters on the design of an activated sludge and aerated lagoon systems are analyzed by using a written user-friend program, which is developed for designing WWTPs by the mean of C++ programming language. Analytical results show that there is a satisfactory linear relationship between respirometric and dilution BOD values. Also, the mathematical methods, including new developed method generally provide consistent results with high correlation coefficients. On the other hand, it is found that LOG differences method for respirometric test and the new developed method for dilution test do not give good correlation coefficients. Moreover, activated sludge and aerated lagoons systems' sizes show significant changing depending on the variations of the BOD parameters. Consequently, BOD parameters show significant changes depending on the different test and mathematical methods. Therefore, the changing of these parameters impact a lot of situation such as ultimate BOD estimation, the wastewater treatment plants design, the dimensions of the plants and cost of the plants.
Waste Management, 2005
The increasing amount of solid waste arising from municipalities and other sources and its conseq... more The increasing amount of solid waste arising from municipalities and other sources and its consequent disposal has been one of the major environmental problems in Turkey. Istanbul is a metropolitan city with a current population of around 14 million, and produces about 9000 ton of solid waste every day. The waste composition for Istanbul has changed markedly from 1981 to 1996 with large decreases in waste density, much of which is related to decreased amounts of ash collected in winter. In recent years, the Istanbul region has implemented a new solid waste management system with transfer stations, sanitary landWlls, and methane recovery, which has led to major improvements. In the Black Sea region of Turkey, most of the municipal and industrial solid wastes, mixed with hospital and hazardous wastes, are dumped on the nearest lowlands and river valleys or into the sea. The impact of riverside and seashore dumping of solid wastes adds signiWcantly to problems arising from sewage and industry on the Black Sea coast. Appropriate integrated solid waste management systems are needed here as well; however, they have been more diYcult to implement than in Istanbul because of more diYcult topography, weaker administrative structures, and the lower incomes of the inhabitants.
Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics
In the Southeastern Black Sea Region, rivers are dammed for hydroelectric power and irrigation. T... more In the Southeastern Black Sea Region, rivers are dammed for hydroelectric power and irrigation. The natural course of fluvial alluvium transport is almost completely altered because of planned and constructed dams and coastal protection measures. Decreasing volume of sediment carried to the sea cause intensification of the shore erosion. The Black Sea Rivers and coastal areas of Turkey and Georgia are under heavy anthropogenic pressure because of the bed material extraction and coastal erosion rate. In this study, environmental effects of dams and related effects of sediment transport on coastal erosion in the Eastern Black Sea region are discussed.
Environmental Engineering and Management Journal
The Southeastern Black Sea coastal region in Turkey and Georgia is under threat of severe coastal... more The Southeastern Black Sea coastal region in Turkey and Georgia is under threat of severe coastal erosion and shoreline recession. The main reason for this problem is the response of the coast to human activities. While water discharge rates were reduced by dams by approximately 7% only, about 98% of the suspended sediment is being captured by the dams, leading to reservoir siltation over time in the southern Black Sea Region Rivers in Turkey. About 83% of the total suspended sediments are carried by the Coruh River to its mouth, which determines the characteristics of the river and the shape of the coastal region. In this study, the effect of water runoff and sediment transport to the Black Sea Coast was investigated.
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Apr 30, 2010
The Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP), encompassing 27 dams and 19 hydroelectric power plants, ... more The Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP), encompassing 27 dams and 19 hydroelectric power plants, is a large-scale water management program aiming at an increase in domestic electricity production and the development of vast irrigation schemes for agriculture. In spite of numerous benefits experienced in the area, there is also a multitude of impacts observed on the environment. The Coruh River is the longest river of the East Black Sea region and is of high economic importance to Turkey because of its largely exploitable hydropower potential. The Coruh project consists of 27 planned dams and hydroelectric power plants. The planned dams have the potential to cause serious environmental effects in upstream Turkey and downstream Georgia. Equitable, rational, and optimal utilization of transboundary water resources can be achieved through a scientific study, which will determine the true water needs of each riparian country. A precise assessment is needed of the economic, ecological, and social problems on the basis of the environmental impact and cumulative effect assessment reports.
Water Research, 2005
Copper mine tailings are discharged to the anoxic zone of the Black Sea at 350 m depth, and there... more Copper mine tailings are discharged to the anoxic zone of the Black Sea at 350 m depth, and there is currently consideration of reducing this discharge depth. Oceanographic sampling has provided data allowing calculating whether dilute buoyant plumes will separate from the tailings density current as predicted. Calculations for various discharge rates and slurry dilutions indicate that such plumes will rise 89mabovethedischargedepth,hencewillremaininthedeepanoxiczonebelowthepermanentpycnoclineat89 m above the discharge depth, hence will remain in the deep anoxic zone below the permanent pycnocline at 89mabovethedischargedepth,hencewillremaininthedeepanoxiczonebelowthepermanentpycnoclineat150 m depth at both the present and currently proposed sites. There is some indication from relative seawater density measures that these plumes will drift rather than spreading diffusely. Plume separation from controlled discharges of the tailings slurry was confirmed by visual observations in an experimental tank. The oceanographic sampling also showed that trace element levels in the seawater by the discharge point remained below Turkish marine receiving water quality criteria.
Energy for Sustainable Development, 2010
Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2008
Each day some 400-450 ton solid waste is dumped on land and in the sea and rivers in the coastal ... more Each day some 400-450 ton solid waste is dumped on land and in the sea and rivers in the coastal cities of the eastern Black Sea, creating serious environmental problems. The paper reports the engineering geological studies of a proposed landfill site for Trabzon, a major city in the region. Fieldwork included scan-line and seismic surveys as well as boreholes and in-situ testing. Water absorption tests indicated permeabilities in the order of 10-8 m/s. Keywords Eastern Black Sea Á Engineering geology Á Landfill site selection Résumé Chaque jour environ trois cents à trois cent cinquante tonnes de déchets solides sont déversées sur terre, dans les rivières et en bord de mer, près des villes côtières de la Mer Noire orientale, créant de sérieux problèmes environnementaux. L'article présente les études de géologie de l'ingénieur réalisées pour un site de stockage de déchets pour Trabzon, une ville importante de la région. Les travaux de terrain ont comporté des investigations à partir de lignes de mesure et de prospections sismiques, ainsi que des forages et des essais en place. Des tests d'absorption d'eau ont permis de déterminer des perméabilités des terrains de l'ordre de 10-8 m/s. Mots clés Mer Noire orientale Á Géologie de l'ingénieur Á Choix de site de stockage
Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2014
One of the most common tests for the determination of strength and organic content of wastewater ... more One of the most common tests for the determination of strength and organic content of wastewater is the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). This test is widely applied to define organic water pollution and to control the performance of wastewater treatment plants. Generally, BOD is standardized by the measurement of oxygen consumption in 5 days (BOD 5). But, determination of the ultimate biochemical oxygen demand (BOD u), which is taken 28 days and the reaction rate constant (k) are necessary to understand the organic strength of the wastewater. In this study, the different mathematical methods in order to determine the BOD parameters (BOD u , k) and two different BOD test method (respirometer and dilution method) are investigated comparatively. Also, a new method based on cubic spline method to estimate ultimate BOD values is developed. Moreover, the impacts of BOD parameters on the design of an activated sludge and aerated lagoon systems are analyzed by using a written user-friend program, which is developed for designing WWTPs by the mean of C++ programming language. Analytical results show that there is a satisfactory linear relationship between respirometric and dilution BOD values. Also, the mathematical methods, including new developed method generally provide consistent results with high correlation coefficients. On the other hand, it is found that LOG differences method for respirometric test and the new developed method for dilution test do not give good correlation coefficients. Moreover, activated sludge and aerated lagoons systems' sizes show significant changing depending on the variations of the BOD parameters. Consequently, BOD parameters show significant changes depending on the different test and mathematical methods. Therefore, the changing of these parameters impact a lot of situation such as ultimate BOD estimation, the wastewater treatment plants design, the dimensions of the plants and cost of the plants.
Waste Management, 2005
The increasing amount of solid waste arising from municipalities and other sources and its conseq... more The increasing amount of solid waste arising from municipalities and other sources and its consequent disposal has been one of the major environmental problems in Turkey. Istanbul is a metropolitan city with a current population of around 14 million, and produces about 9000 ton of solid waste every day. The waste composition for Istanbul has changed markedly from 1981 to 1996 with large decreases in waste density, much of which is related to decreased amounts of ash collected in winter. In recent years, the Istanbul region has implemented a new solid waste management system with transfer stations, sanitary landWlls, and methane recovery, which has led to major improvements. In the Black Sea region of Turkey, most of the municipal and industrial solid wastes, mixed with hospital and hazardous wastes, are dumped on the nearest lowlands and river valleys or into the sea. The impact of riverside and seashore dumping of solid wastes adds signiWcantly to problems arising from sewage and industry on the Black Sea coast. Appropriate integrated solid waste management systems are needed here as well; however, they have been more diYcult to implement than in Istanbul because of more diYcult topography, weaker administrative structures, and the lower incomes of the inhabitants.
Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics
In the Southeastern Black Sea Region, rivers are dammed for hydroelectric power and irrigation. T... more In the Southeastern Black Sea Region, rivers are dammed for hydroelectric power and irrigation. The natural course of fluvial alluvium transport is almost completely altered because of planned and constructed dams and coastal protection measures. Decreasing volume of sediment carried to the sea cause intensification of the shore erosion. The Black Sea Rivers and coastal areas of Turkey and Georgia are under heavy anthropogenic pressure because of the bed material extraction and coastal erosion rate. In this study, environmental effects of dams and related effects of sediment transport on coastal erosion in the Eastern Black Sea region are discussed.
Environmental Engineering and Management Journal
The Southeastern Black Sea coastal region in Turkey and Georgia is under threat of severe coastal... more The Southeastern Black Sea coastal region in Turkey and Georgia is under threat of severe coastal erosion and shoreline recession. The main reason for this problem is the response of the coast to human activities. While water discharge rates were reduced by dams by approximately 7% only, about 98% of the suspended sediment is being captured by the dams, leading to reservoir siltation over time in the southern Black Sea Region Rivers in Turkey. About 83% of the total suspended sediments are carried by the Coruh River to its mouth, which determines the characteristics of the river and the shape of the coastal region. In this study, the effect of water runoff and sediment transport to the Black Sea Coast was investigated.
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Apr 30, 2010
The Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP), encompassing 27 dams and 19 hydroelectric power plants, ... more The Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP), encompassing 27 dams and 19 hydroelectric power plants, is a large-scale water management program aiming at an increase in domestic electricity production and the development of vast irrigation schemes for agriculture. In spite of numerous benefits experienced in the area, there is also a multitude of impacts observed on the environment. The Coruh River is the longest river of the East Black Sea region and is of high economic importance to Turkey because of its largely exploitable hydropower potential. The Coruh project consists of 27 planned dams and hydroelectric power plants. The planned dams have the potential to cause serious environmental effects in upstream Turkey and downstream Georgia. Equitable, rational, and optimal utilization of transboundary water resources can be achieved through a scientific study, which will determine the true water needs of each riparian country. A precise assessment is needed of the economic, ecological, and social problems on the basis of the environmental impact and cumulative effect assessment reports.