Abhineet mehrotra - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Abhineet mehrotra

Background:Covid 19 has taken the world by shock. India has crossed almost 80 Lakh positive tests... more Background:Covid 19 has taken the world by shock. India has crossed almost 80 Lakh positive tests and world has more than 43 million positive cases. The present study was aimed to describe the agewise demographic characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of a group of COVID-19 patients in north India.Material and Methods: This was a retrospective, single-centre collection of data regarding agewise epidemiological, demographic study of COVID-19 patients admitted in a medical college teaching hospital facility in north India using UP and ICMR portal.Results: Of the total 24000,748 (3.1%)were positive samples. 289(38.6%) females and 459(61.4%) males were infected. 0-20 years had 16.2%, 21-40 years had 48.6%, 41-60 years had 25.2% and >60 years had 10% of cases. Most affected group was in age of 21-40years which is almost half of the total positives that is 342(48.6%) were infected.Conclusion: Most affected group was in age of 21-40years. Males were affected more than f...

Chapman and Hall/CRC, Sep 20, 2012

Introduction: Current study was aimed at detecting Mycoplasma pneumonia in blood in those patient... more Introduction: Current study was aimed at detecting Mycoplasma pneumonia in blood in those patients who are already PCR positive through clinical specimen. All the patient who are Mycoplasma Pneumonia PCR positive have this disease as primary infection and not as secondary infection. This study was a part of a larger study of comparing techniques to detect Mycoplasma pneumonia by culture, serology and PCR. Material and Methods: The present study was undertaken at Career Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow. The total number of study subjects were 80 which were Mycoplasma Pneumonia PCR positive by clinical specimen (nasopharyngeal swab, throat swab and expectorated sputum) which is the part of larger study of total 286 samples processed for PCR. Conventional PCR with GEL.DOC were used for the processing of the samples. Results: Non of the 80 PCR positive samples ran were found to be positive in blood Conclusion: This concludes that detection of Mycoplasma Pneumonia as a primary infection of a person(as detected in clinical specimen by conventional PCR) is not detected in blood specimen by conventional PCR

The Journal of medical research, 2014

Objective: To determine the causative agents of bacteremia in children under 5 years and their su... more Objective: To determine the causative agents of bacteremia in children under 5 years and their susceptibility to the commonly used antibiotics. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on children (aged from 1 day to 5 years) admitted to the paediatric ward. The patients included all newborn babies and children admitted with fever and suspected of having sepsis. All the included children were clinically diagnosed for septicemia following strict aseptic precautions and the blood sample was taken. Blood culture were done by standard method. Results: The overall incidence of bacteremia was 23.1%. The incidence of bacteremia was higher among the chidren of age group 13-60 month (38.1%) than <1 month (23.4%) and 1-12 month (12.5%). The male (25.8%) children were affected than females (19.6%).

This study was undertaken to find the GBS colonization rate among women at > 28 weeks of gesta... more This study was undertaken to find the GBS colonization rate among women at > 28 weeks of gestation and to assess the type of specimens and techniques used for GBS detection and the demographic factors affecting the carriage in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. A total of 434 consecutive vaginal and rectal swabs were obtained from 217 pregnant women at > 28 weeks of gestation and their follow-up testing. Swab specimens were compared on Islam and Edwards blood agar plates, and into selective Lim broth. Enrichment Lim cultures (< 12 h) with and without positive modified coagglutination test were then cultured on Edwards sheep blood agar plates. GBS was isolated from at least one of the specimen from the patients in 66 cases with an overall colonization rate of 30.4%. Of the 56 new-borns, there were 18.2% (12/56) mothers GBS positive and of these 6 (50%) new-borns were found to be GBS positive. Direct specimen culture one (E)dwards blood agar and Islam agar medium revealed 8...

Background: All clinical samples (e.g. Pus, urine, sputum, blood, tracheal aspirate, peritoneal f... more Background: All clinical samples (e.g. Pus, urine, sputum, blood, tracheal aspirate, peritoneal fluid, catheter tip, ET tip tracheostomy aspirate) etc are sent for culture and antibiotic sensitivity in a clinical microbiology laboratory to achieve etiological diagnosis. Aims: The study was done to detect the AmpC β-lactamase and ESBL producing gram negative bacteria from different clinical samples. This study included AmpC disc screening test and found out that the modified three dimensional tests using whole cell growth gives clearer result. Setting and Design: A 6-month prospective analytical study was done in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A total of 141 sample, non-enteric Gram-negative clinical isolates obtained from different clinical samples (e.g. Pus, urine, sputum, blood, tracheal aspirate, peritoneal fluid, catheter tip, ET tip tracheostomy aspirate, etc) The organism included E.coli , Pseudomonas spp , Klebsiella pneomoniae , Klebsiela spp , Acinetobacte...

Studies on Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Thailand have focused on urban centers and have not included ... more Studies on Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Thailand have focused on urban centers and have not included molecular characterization. In an attempt to provide a more comprehensive understanding of this organism, we conducted a systematic random sampling to identify 3,000 nasopharyngeal swab specimens collected from January 2009 through July 2012 during population-based surveillance for influenzalike illness in two rural provinces. M. pneumoniae was detected by real-time PCR in 175 (5.8%) specimens. Genotyping was performed using the major adhesion protein (P1) and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). Of the 157 specimens typed, 97 were P1 type 1 and 60 were P1 type 2. Six different MLVA profiles were identified in 149 specimens, with 4/5/7/2 (40%) and 3/5/6/2 (26%) predominating. There was no discrete seasonality to M. pneumoniae infections. Examination of the 23S rRNA sequence for known polymorphisms conferring macrolide resistance revealed that all 141 tested to possess the genotype associated with macrolide susceptibility.

The Journal of medical research, 2015

Background: In the present study an attempt was made to compare the different diagnosis of mycopl... more Background: In the present study an attempt was made to compare the different diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumonia among the patients of respiratory tract infections in northern Indian population. Commonly used techniques in the diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumonia are culture, serology and PCR and different studies assure the different sensitivity and specificity. In the present study author also aim to find the common risk factors of mycoplasma pneumonia. Material & Methods: The present study was undertaken at Career Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow. The total number of study subjects were 193. The total number of male subjects were 115 (59.6 %) while 78 (40.4 %) were females. Samples were Collected for culture, serology and PCR. All samples of culture & serology were undergone for PCR. Results: Out of 193 patients 58 (30 %) samples were found positive in culture and 73 (38 %) samples were found to be positive in serology test. 58 patients were found to be positive by both culture ...

Asian Journal of Medical Research, 2019

Background: Wound infection may initially be manifest as bacterial colonization, and it is only w... more Background: Wound infection may initially be manifest as bacterial colonization, and it is only when colonization is combined with other factors, such as decreased vascular supply, intrinsic virulence of specific bacteria (eg, Staphylococcus aureus), and host immune factors, that true infection occurs. Hence; we planned the present study to assess bacterial profile of pus samples obtained from patients undergoing surgical procedures. Subjects and Methods: The present study included assessment of 30 pus samples sent from the surgery department, to the microbiology department. Collection of pus samples was done from the infected wounds. Detailed demographic data of all the patients was obtained. In the microbiology department, for studying the morphological profile of the clinical isolates, gram staining was done. Streaking of the pus samples was done on the blood agar, and MacConkey agar followed on incubation aerobically at 37 degree centigrade for 24 hour. Identification of microorganisms was done based on colonial morphology and pigment production. All the results were compiled and analysed by SPSS software. Results: Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly isolated bacteria in the present study. Other bacteria's obtained in the present study included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella species, Escherichia coli, Enterococci species and Enterobacter species. Conclusion: Most common organism isolated from pus discharge from infected wounds is S. aureus.

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2013

To study the rate of specimens rejection received in the laboratory. Design: A cross-sectional su... more To study the rate of specimens rejection received in the laboratory. Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted over a period of six months across Community Health Centres (CHC), Primary Health Centres (PHC), District hospitals and Govt. multi-specialty tertiary care hospital and trust autonomously run charity hospital. In-depth interviews were also conducted with the laboratory staff. Rejection of samples with the aim of proper processing of the samples and for providing report of high standard comes under good lab practices. Results: A total of 2000 sample were studied and followed. A total of 5.3% samples were rejected. The rejection rate was higher among the hospitals run by trusts than govt. In all, the rejection rate was higher blood sample (9.1%) as compared to body fluid (8%), urine (6.8%), stool (5.3%) and sputum (3.3%) sample. The main reason of rejection was due to inadequacy of specimen collection by the paramedical staff. Conclusion: The rejection rate was higher in trust hospitals due to higher awareness at the analytical level of the sample processing in the lab as compared to govt. run hospitals where every sample is processed irrespective of its adequacy/inadequacy and the report is provided. Thus, the emphasis should be given to make such diagnostic kits in future which are less dependent collection and handling.

International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2013

Background: The objective was to determine the effect of parenteral iron sucrose therapy to impro... more Background: The objective was to determine the effect of parenteral iron sucrose therapy to improve the fetomaternal prognosis related to iron deficiency anemia. Methods: This was a longitudinal study conducted among 205 women admitted in a outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital and received iron sucrose. The iron sucrose dose was calculated from the following formula: weight before pregnancy (kg)-(110 g/Lactual hemoglobin [g/L]) X 0.24+ 500 mg. Treatment efficacy was assessed by measuring hemoglobin ferritin and other hematological parameters on the 30 th day, at delivery and at first day of postpartum. Results: Hemoglobin level was significantly (p<0.001) increased from baseline (8.33±1.13) to 30 th (9.45±1.02), at delivery (11.89±0.89) and at first postpartum day (12.15±1.11). However, TIBC significantly (p=0.01) decreased from baseline to first postpartum day. Significant (p<0.0001) increase was also noted in serum ferritin and serum folate levels from baseline to 30 th day, at delivery and at first postpartum day. MCV and MCH were significantly (p=0.01) increased from baseline to only at delivery and at first postpartum day. Percent change analysis showed that there was higher change in serum ferritin and serum folate levels than Hb, MCV and MCH levels. About one third (34%) of the patients did not complain any complications during supplementation. Conclusion: With regard to the use of intravenous iron in obstetrics, there is increasing evidence that iron sucrose is safe for the mother and the fetus using the recommended dosages and therapy regimens.

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 2019

BACKGROUND The most commonly used infection control methods are disinfection and sterilization. D... more BACKGROUND The most commonly used infection control methods are disinfection and sterilization. Disinfection technique helps to reduce the chances of contamination but is less effective to pathogenic organisms as compared to sterilization. Hence, we wanted to assess the safety of steam sterilization of the assembled laparoscopic instrument with test infection. METHODS Two different types of re-usable laparoscopic instruments were selected as test instruments; trocar and dissection forceps. Biological indicator used in the present study was Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC-7953 in sporulated form. For the present study, three study groups were defined: an experiment group, a negative control and a positive control. The assessed results gave a total of 1080 sampling units. Individual packing of the instruments in the surgical grade paper was done followed by autoclaving in the pressured saturated steam. Seeding of the biological indicator was done in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) culture medium, followed by incubation at 56 o C for 21 days. The results were compiled in Microsoft Excel sheet and were analysed by SPSS software. RESULTS 100 percent satisfactory growth was seen in the positive controls which confirmed the test in the present research. This also confirmed the viability of the culture media along with adequate efficacy of the incubation condition for spore germination. CONCLUSIONS It is safe to use pressurized saturated steam sterilization for assembled laparoscopic instruments. However; further studies in this regard are recommended for better exploration of results.

Background:Covid 19 has taken the world by shock. India has crossed almost 80 Lakh positive tests... more Background:Covid 19 has taken the world by shock. India has crossed almost 80 Lakh positive tests and world has more than 43 million positive cases. The present study was aimed to describe the agewise demographic characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of a group of COVID-19 patients in north India.Material and Methods: This was a retrospective, single-centre collection of data regarding agewise epidemiological, demographic study of COVID-19 patients admitted in a medical college teaching hospital facility in north India using UP and ICMR portal.Results: Of the total 24000,748 (3.1%)were positive samples. 289(38.6%) females and 459(61.4%) males were infected. 0-20 years had 16.2%, 21-40 years had 48.6%, 41-60 years had 25.2% and >60 years had 10% of cases. Most affected group was in age of 21-40years which is almost half of the total positives that is 342(48.6%) were infected.Conclusion: Most affected group was in age of 21-40years. Males were affected more than f...

Chapman and Hall/CRC, Sep 20, 2012

Introduction: Current study was aimed at detecting Mycoplasma pneumonia in blood in those patient... more Introduction: Current study was aimed at detecting Mycoplasma pneumonia in blood in those patients who are already PCR positive through clinical specimen. All the patient who are Mycoplasma Pneumonia PCR positive have this disease as primary infection and not as secondary infection. This study was a part of a larger study of comparing techniques to detect Mycoplasma pneumonia by culture, serology and PCR. Material and Methods: The present study was undertaken at Career Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow. The total number of study subjects were 80 which were Mycoplasma Pneumonia PCR positive by clinical specimen (nasopharyngeal swab, throat swab and expectorated sputum) which is the part of larger study of total 286 samples processed for PCR. Conventional PCR with GEL.DOC were used for the processing of the samples. Results: Non of the 80 PCR positive samples ran were found to be positive in blood Conclusion: This concludes that detection of Mycoplasma Pneumonia as a primary infection of a person(as detected in clinical specimen by conventional PCR) is not detected in blood specimen by conventional PCR

The Journal of medical research, 2014

Objective: To determine the causative agents of bacteremia in children under 5 years and their su... more Objective: To determine the causative agents of bacteremia in children under 5 years and their susceptibility to the commonly used antibiotics. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on children (aged from 1 day to 5 years) admitted to the paediatric ward. The patients included all newborn babies and children admitted with fever and suspected of having sepsis. All the included children were clinically diagnosed for septicemia following strict aseptic precautions and the blood sample was taken. Blood culture were done by standard method. Results: The overall incidence of bacteremia was 23.1%. The incidence of bacteremia was higher among the chidren of age group 13-60 month (38.1%) than <1 month (23.4%) and 1-12 month (12.5%). The male (25.8%) children were affected than females (19.6%).

This study was undertaken to find the GBS colonization rate among women at > 28 weeks of gesta... more This study was undertaken to find the GBS colonization rate among women at > 28 weeks of gestation and to assess the type of specimens and techniques used for GBS detection and the demographic factors affecting the carriage in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. A total of 434 consecutive vaginal and rectal swabs were obtained from 217 pregnant women at > 28 weeks of gestation and their follow-up testing. Swab specimens were compared on Islam and Edwards blood agar plates, and into selective Lim broth. Enrichment Lim cultures (< 12 h) with and without positive modified coagglutination test were then cultured on Edwards sheep blood agar plates. GBS was isolated from at least one of the specimen from the patients in 66 cases with an overall colonization rate of 30.4%. Of the 56 new-borns, there were 18.2% (12/56) mothers GBS positive and of these 6 (50%) new-borns were found to be GBS positive. Direct specimen culture one (E)dwards blood agar and Islam agar medium revealed 8...

Background: All clinical samples (e.g. Pus, urine, sputum, blood, tracheal aspirate, peritoneal f... more Background: All clinical samples (e.g. Pus, urine, sputum, blood, tracheal aspirate, peritoneal fluid, catheter tip, ET tip tracheostomy aspirate) etc are sent for culture and antibiotic sensitivity in a clinical microbiology laboratory to achieve etiological diagnosis. Aims: The study was done to detect the AmpC β-lactamase and ESBL producing gram negative bacteria from different clinical samples. This study included AmpC disc screening test and found out that the modified three dimensional tests using whole cell growth gives clearer result. Setting and Design: A 6-month prospective analytical study was done in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A total of 141 sample, non-enteric Gram-negative clinical isolates obtained from different clinical samples (e.g. Pus, urine, sputum, blood, tracheal aspirate, peritoneal fluid, catheter tip, ET tip tracheostomy aspirate, etc) The organism included E.coli , Pseudomonas spp , Klebsiella pneomoniae , Klebsiela spp , Acinetobacte...

Studies on Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Thailand have focused on urban centers and have not included ... more Studies on Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Thailand have focused on urban centers and have not included molecular characterization. In an attempt to provide a more comprehensive understanding of this organism, we conducted a systematic random sampling to identify 3,000 nasopharyngeal swab specimens collected from January 2009 through July 2012 during population-based surveillance for influenzalike illness in two rural provinces. M. pneumoniae was detected by real-time PCR in 175 (5.8%) specimens. Genotyping was performed using the major adhesion protein (P1) and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). Of the 157 specimens typed, 97 were P1 type 1 and 60 were P1 type 2. Six different MLVA profiles were identified in 149 specimens, with 4/5/7/2 (40%) and 3/5/6/2 (26%) predominating. There was no discrete seasonality to M. pneumoniae infections. Examination of the 23S rRNA sequence for known polymorphisms conferring macrolide resistance revealed that all 141 tested to possess the genotype associated with macrolide susceptibility.

The Journal of medical research, 2015

Background: In the present study an attempt was made to compare the different diagnosis of mycopl... more Background: In the present study an attempt was made to compare the different diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumonia among the patients of respiratory tract infections in northern Indian population. Commonly used techniques in the diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumonia are culture, serology and PCR and different studies assure the different sensitivity and specificity. In the present study author also aim to find the common risk factors of mycoplasma pneumonia. Material & Methods: The present study was undertaken at Career Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow. The total number of study subjects were 193. The total number of male subjects were 115 (59.6 %) while 78 (40.4 %) were females. Samples were Collected for culture, serology and PCR. All samples of culture & serology were undergone for PCR. Results: Out of 193 patients 58 (30 %) samples were found positive in culture and 73 (38 %) samples were found to be positive in serology test. 58 patients were found to be positive by both culture ...

Asian Journal of Medical Research, 2019

Background: Wound infection may initially be manifest as bacterial colonization, and it is only w... more Background: Wound infection may initially be manifest as bacterial colonization, and it is only when colonization is combined with other factors, such as decreased vascular supply, intrinsic virulence of specific bacteria (eg, Staphylococcus aureus), and host immune factors, that true infection occurs. Hence; we planned the present study to assess bacterial profile of pus samples obtained from patients undergoing surgical procedures. Subjects and Methods: The present study included assessment of 30 pus samples sent from the surgery department, to the microbiology department. Collection of pus samples was done from the infected wounds. Detailed demographic data of all the patients was obtained. In the microbiology department, for studying the morphological profile of the clinical isolates, gram staining was done. Streaking of the pus samples was done on the blood agar, and MacConkey agar followed on incubation aerobically at 37 degree centigrade for 24 hour. Identification of microorganisms was done based on colonial morphology and pigment production. All the results were compiled and analysed by SPSS software. Results: Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly isolated bacteria in the present study. Other bacteria's obtained in the present study included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella species, Escherichia coli, Enterococci species and Enterobacter species. Conclusion: Most common organism isolated from pus discharge from infected wounds is S. aureus.

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2013

To study the rate of specimens rejection received in the laboratory. Design: A cross-sectional su... more To study the rate of specimens rejection received in the laboratory. Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted over a period of six months across Community Health Centres (CHC), Primary Health Centres (PHC), District hospitals and Govt. multi-specialty tertiary care hospital and trust autonomously run charity hospital. In-depth interviews were also conducted with the laboratory staff. Rejection of samples with the aim of proper processing of the samples and for providing report of high standard comes under good lab practices. Results: A total of 2000 sample were studied and followed. A total of 5.3% samples were rejected. The rejection rate was higher among the hospitals run by trusts than govt. In all, the rejection rate was higher blood sample (9.1%) as compared to body fluid (8%), urine (6.8%), stool (5.3%) and sputum (3.3%) sample. The main reason of rejection was due to inadequacy of specimen collection by the paramedical staff. Conclusion: The rejection rate was higher in trust hospitals due to higher awareness at the analytical level of the sample processing in the lab as compared to govt. run hospitals where every sample is processed irrespective of its adequacy/inadequacy and the report is provided. Thus, the emphasis should be given to make such diagnostic kits in future which are less dependent collection and handling.

International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2013

Background: The objective was to determine the effect of parenteral iron sucrose therapy to impro... more Background: The objective was to determine the effect of parenteral iron sucrose therapy to improve the fetomaternal prognosis related to iron deficiency anemia. Methods: This was a longitudinal study conducted among 205 women admitted in a outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital and received iron sucrose. The iron sucrose dose was calculated from the following formula: weight before pregnancy (kg)-(110 g/Lactual hemoglobin [g/L]) X 0.24+ 500 mg. Treatment efficacy was assessed by measuring hemoglobin ferritin and other hematological parameters on the 30 th day, at delivery and at first day of postpartum. Results: Hemoglobin level was significantly (p<0.001) increased from baseline (8.33±1.13) to 30 th (9.45±1.02), at delivery (11.89±0.89) and at first postpartum day (12.15±1.11). However, TIBC significantly (p=0.01) decreased from baseline to first postpartum day. Significant (p<0.0001) increase was also noted in serum ferritin and serum folate levels from baseline to 30 th day, at delivery and at first postpartum day. MCV and MCH were significantly (p=0.01) increased from baseline to only at delivery and at first postpartum day. Percent change analysis showed that there was higher change in serum ferritin and serum folate levels than Hb, MCV and MCH levels. About one third (34%) of the patients did not complain any complications during supplementation. Conclusion: With regard to the use of intravenous iron in obstetrics, there is increasing evidence that iron sucrose is safe for the mother and the fetus using the recommended dosages and therapy regimens.

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 2019

BACKGROUND The most commonly used infection control methods are disinfection and sterilization. D... more BACKGROUND The most commonly used infection control methods are disinfection and sterilization. Disinfection technique helps to reduce the chances of contamination but is less effective to pathogenic organisms as compared to sterilization. Hence, we wanted to assess the safety of steam sterilization of the assembled laparoscopic instrument with test infection. METHODS Two different types of re-usable laparoscopic instruments were selected as test instruments; trocar and dissection forceps. Biological indicator used in the present study was Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC-7953 in sporulated form. For the present study, three study groups were defined: an experiment group, a negative control and a positive control. The assessed results gave a total of 1080 sampling units. Individual packing of the instruments in the surgical grade paper was done followed by autoclaving in the pressured saturated steam. Seeding of the biological indicator was done in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) culture medium, followed by incubation at 56 o C for 21 days. The results were compiled in Microsoft Excel sheet and were analysed by SPSS software. RESULTS 100 percent satisfactory growth was seen in the positive controls which confirmed the test in the present research. This also confirmed the viability of the culture media along with adequate efficacy of the incubation condition for spore germination. CONCLUSIONS It is safe to use pressurized saturated steam sterilization for assembled laparoscopic instruments. However; further studies in this regard are recommended for better exploration of results.