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Papers by metin polat

Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2019

Bu çalışma ile, aerobik ve anaerobik antrenmanlar yapan genç kadın sporcularda maksimal egzersiz ... more Bu çalışma ile, aerobik ve anaerobik antrenmanlar yapan genç kadın sporcularda maksimal egzersiz sırasında egzersizle oluşan arteriyel hipoksemi (EOAH) düzeylerini tespit amaçlandı. Araştırmaya, uluslararası düzeyde yarışmalara katılan sekiz genç kadın kros kayakçısı (17±1.4 yaş) ve yedi genç kadın alp kayakçısı (16.1±1.2 yaş) katıldı. Maksimal oksijen alımı (VO2max: ml/kg/dak) koşu bandında şiddeti giderek artan egzersiz protokolü uygulanarak tespit edilmiştir. Oksijen saturasyonu (% SaO2) istirahatte ve test süresince sürekli olarak Pulse oksimetre kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. EOAH, SaO2'nin istirahat düzeyinden en az % 4 (ΔSaO2≤-%4) azalması şeklinde tanımlanmıştır. Kros kayakçılarının VO2max, maksimal dakika ventilasyonu (L/dak), maksimal koşu hızı, test süresi ve maksimal kalp atım hızı değerleri alp kayakçılarına göre yüksek düzeyde anlamlı bulundu (p< 0.05). Her iki gruptaki tüm sporcularda EOAH görüldü. SaO2 değerlerinin Alp kayakçılarında % 97.7±1.3 dinlenim düzeyinden % 87±3.4'e düştüğü, kros kayakçıların ise % 98.1±0.3 dinlenim düzeyinden % 88±2.8'e düştüğü tespit edildi (p< 0.01). İki grubun dinlenim ve en düşük % SaO2 değerleri arasında anlamlı fark olmadığı tespit edildi (p> 0.05). Anaerobik ve aerobik antrenmanlar yapan sporcularda egzersiz sırasında arteriyel hipoksemi ortaya çıktığı tespit edildi. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları farklı aerobik uygunluk düzeylerine sahip iyi antrenmanlı genç kadın sporcuların, maksimal egzersiz sırasında benzer EOAH sergileyebileceğini göstermiştir.

Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2021

Biomedical Research-tokyo, 2017

This study aims at examining the effects of zinc and CoQ10 supplementation applied with 8 w train... more This study aims at examining the effects of zinc and CoQ10 supplementation applied with 8 w trainings on the thyroid hormone metabolism. The study was conducted on 60 voluntary male football players whose average of age is 20.60 ± 3.15 y and average of weight is 66.20 ± 4.74 kg. The participants were divided equally into 4 groups. The groups were constituted in the following way: 1st group: group which is supplied with zinc (Z), 2nd group: group which is supplied with coenzyme Q10 (Q), 3rd group: control group which does only physical exercises (C) and 4th Group: Group which is supplied with zinc and coenzyme Q10 (ZQ). At the first week of the study, TSH, T3 and T4 levels of the participants were measured from the samples which were drawn from the participants at Pre-exercise resting period (PreRP), post-exercise pre-test fatigue (PreTF), and pre-exercise post-test rested (PostTR) and postexercise posttest fatigue (PostTF) after 8 w supplementation period. As a consequence, it was d...

Yaslandikca ortaya cikan fizik-sel ve fizyolojik fonksiyon kayiplari, yasam kalitesinde azal-maya... more Yaslandikca ortaya cikan fizik-sel ve fizyolojik fonksiyon kayiplari, yasam kalitesinde azal-maya neden olmaktadir. Saglikli yaslanma surecinde duzenli ve orta siddette yapilan fiziksel aktivitenin ileri yaslarda yasa-nan fonksiyonel kayiplari azalttigi bilinmekle birlikte, bu surecte fiziksel aktivite seviyesinin yasam kalitesi uzerinde ne de-recede etkili oldugu merak edilmektedir. Bu nedenle bu calismada yasli bireylerin fiziksel aktivite duzeylerinin, yasam kaliteleri uzerine olan etkilerinin incelenmesi amaclanmistir. Arastirmaya Kayseri ve cevresinde yasayan yas ortalamasi 69,01±2,10 yil olan 88 kadin, ve yas ortalamasi 70,73±3,69 yil olan 118 erkek olmak uzere toplam 206 gonullu katildi. Calismaya katilan gonullulerin boy uzunlugu, vucut agirligi, vucut kitle indeksi degerleri olculduk-ten sonra, yasam kalitesi degerleri SF 36 yasam kalitesi olcegi ile, fiziksel aktivite duzeyleri ise uc eksenli olcum yapan aksele-rometre StayHealty RT6, USA cihazi ile belirlendi. Kadin gonul...

Purpose The purpose of this study is searching whether the social anxiety is different between he... more Purpose The purpose of this study is searching whether the social anxiety is different between hearingimpaired and normal healthy athletes in sport or not. 50 hearing-impaired and 50 normal healthy athletes attended the study voluntarily. The inventory of social anxiety which consists of 22 questions was applied to the volunteers. The averages of ages, heights and body weights of the volunteers who attended the study were determined in turn as 12.82±1.19 year, 147±98 cm, 39.94±11.32 kg for hearing-impaired athletes and 12.84±1.03 year, 145.62±10.60 cm and 36.38±10.86 kg for normal healthy athletes. Methods The differences of the findings which were obtained as result of measurements were evaluated by applying t test in independent groups to compare these independent groups in the computer environment. The level of significance was determined as 0.05. Results According to the findings which were collected, the fear of negative evaluation of hearingimpaired and normal healthy athletes...

Studies on Ethno-Medicine, 2016

This study aims at accomplishing some applicable investigations into the issue of whether any vol... more This study aims at accomplishing some applicable investigations into the issue of whether any voluntary extra ventilation applies during active recovery process, and also, if an exhausting exercise has any effect on recovery. Seven males participated in the study as volunteers. The volunteers were made to carry out exhausting exercises with incremental running test on treadmill, twice on different days. The active recovery process was traced on the treadmill for a period of 13 minutes, following the application of both exercises. Extra voluntary ventilation for a minute long was applied during the second exercise in addition to the first exercise, at the beginning of the recovery process, and at 4th, 8th, and 12th minutes. The amounts of mean VO2, VCO2, respiratory frequencies, oxygen saturation, lactic acid of the volunteers were determined during recovery process. The increase in VCO2 levels was determined to be significant. The increase at 4-5th, 8-9th, and 12-13th minutes on rec...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of national programs which is planned p... more Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of national programs which is planned policies for swimming that important contribution on train for champion athletes in our nation and the effect of these programs on physical and motor characteristics of volunteers who participated in our study. Methods and Procedures: Seventy-two volunteers including 36 boys and 36 girls which is between the ages of 8 and 12 attended in the research. The volunteers were divided into 3 groups as the elite group, developing group and the control group. Control group volunteers were primary school students who nonparticipating physical education lessons and nonattendance in any sports activity during research. As pre and post test, physical characteristics which age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and motor characteristics which are flexibility, hand grips, sit-up test, four min. swimming, 25 m sprint swimming were measured of volunteers groups who participated i...

<jats:p>Objective The present study aimed to identify the level of muscle damage that devel... more <jats:p>Objective The present study aimed to identify the level of muscle damage that develops after a tennis match, and to investigate the potential effects of eight weeks of strength-endurance training on the level of this muscle damage. Methods The study included 30 male tennis players aged 18 years and above who had been actively playing tennis matches at least for five years, and who voluntarily agreed to take part in the study. The participants were classified into two groups, consisting of 15 experimental subjects and 15 controls. To begin with, all of the participants played tennis matches for three hours according to the international rules of the game, and partners were changed every one hour. In order to determine the level of muscle damage after the tennis match, the blood levels of Creatinine Kinase (CK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Aminotransferase (ALT) and Myoglobin were measured prior to the matches, and immediately, 24 hours, and 48 hours after the completion of the match. Afterwards, the participants in both groups engaged in eight weeks of tennis training three days a week for 90 minutes per day. The participants in the experimental group additionally carried out eight weeks of strength-endurance training three days a week for 90 minutes per day. The abovementioned measurements were repeated in both groups at the end of the eighth week. Results The CK values of the experimental and control groups, which were measured simultaneously before the training programs, were not significantly different, while after the eight-week training program, the CK values measured immediately after the match (<0.001) and 48 hours (p<0.05) after the match were significantly lower in the experimental group when compared to the control group. LDH values, which were simultaneously measured prior to the training programs, were also not significantly different between the experimental and control groups, while those measured immediately after the match (p<0.05) and 24 hours (p<0.05) after the match were significantly lower in the experimental group when compared to the control group after the training program. The ALT and myoglobin levels, which were measured simultaneously in both groups after the training program also slightly decreased, but the difference between two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusions The results of the present study demonstrate that strength-endurance training, carried out in addition to an eight-week regular tennis training program, resulted in a significant decrease in markers of muscle damage after a tennis match played for the same duration at the same intensity.</jats:p>

Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 2021

Background and Study Aim. The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) is the ratio of the amount of carb... more Background and Study Aim. The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) is the ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide produced (VCO2) to the amount of oxygen uptake (VO2) is important. It indirectly informs about the predominant metabolic pathway to provide the energy needed during exercise. The relationship of maximal RER with aerobic and anaerobic capacity in athletes remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between maximal RER and anaerobic power and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in anaerobic trained athletes. Material and Methods. Thirteen male alpine skiers (age 18.1 ± 3.1 years) competing in national and international competitions participated in the study. Athletes first performed an incremental treadmill run test to determine their VO2max (ml/kg/min), maximal RER (VCO2 / VO2) and maximal running speed (km/h). After 48 hours, the athletes performed the Wingate anaerobic test to determine peak power, mean power, minimum power, and fatigue index. Pe...

Ulusal Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2018

Original Article The purpose of this study was to compare the isocapnic buffering phase in young ... more Original Article The purpose of this study was to compare the isocapnic buffering phase in young female crosscountry skiers and alpine skiers. International level young female skiers including ten crosscountry skiers and eight alpine skiers took part in the study. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), ventilatory threshold (VT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP) were determined using an incremental treadmill exercise test. VT and RCP were determined using the V-slope method. The isocapnic buffering (ICB) phase was calculated as the difference in VO2 (ICBVO2) and running speed (ICBSPEED) between RCP and VT and expressed in either absolute or relative values. The values of VO2, heart rate, and running speed corresponding to the VT and RCP were identified. Relative VT and RCP values were recorded as a percentage of VO2max and maximal running speed. Time to exhaustion was determined as the total duration of the test. VO2max, maximal running speed, time to exhaustion, both absolute and relative VT values and absolute RCP values were higher in the crosscountry skiers than in the alpine skiers (P<0.05), whereas relative RCP showed similar values in both group (p>0.05). Absolute ICBSPEED showed similar values in both group (p>0.05), whereas absolute and relative ICBVO2 and relative ICBSPEED were found to be significantly higher in alpine skiers than in crosscountry skiers (P<0.05). The results of this study indicated that the aerobic capacity and ventilatory threshold lower in alpine skiers than in crosscountry skiers, while the isocapnic buffering phase and the highintensity exercise tolerance were higher in alpine skiers.

Annals of Applied Sport Science, 2018

Background. There is sparse literature examining the ICB phase of aerobic-and anaerobic-trained a... more Background. There is sparse literature examining the ICB phase of aerobic-and anaerobic-trained athletes. Measurements of ICB phase values of athletes can help to evaluate the sport's physiological demands and understand the physiological adaptations in response to physical training. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the isocapnic buffering (ICB) phase and the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) as well as the ventilatory threshold (VT) in trained athletes. Methods. Twenty-eight male endurance athletes and forty male team sports athletes underwent an incremental treadmill test to determine their VT, respiratory compensation point (RCP), and VO2max. The ICB phase was calculated as the difference in Oxygen uptake (VO2) between the RCP and VT and expressed in either absolute or relative values. Results. The VO2max, maximal running speed, time to exhaustion, VO2 at the VT and RCP, running speed at the VT, and VT expressed as % VO2max was higher in the endurance athletes than in the team sport athletes (p < 0.01), whereas the RCP expressed as % VO2max and running speed at the RCP showed similar values in both groups (p > 0.05). Both the absolute and relative ICB phase values were found to be significantly higher in team sports athletes than in endurance athletes (p < 0.001). The relative ICB phase was significantly negatively correlated with the VO2max (-r = 0.517, p < 0.001), the VO2 at the VT (-r = 0.755, p < 0.001), and the VO2 at the RCP (r =-0.517, p = 0.001). Conclusion. The current findings suggest that, for trained athletes, the magnitude of the ICB phase is more closely related to the VT rather than the VO2max and RCP. Presumably, the high-intensity intermittent-type exercises performed by team sports athletes may have improved their buffering capacity, leading to a shift in the RCP without a change in the VT, and consequently enhancing the ICB phase.

Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, 2018

Introduction: In order to ensure that athletes achieve their highest performance levels during co... more Introduction: In order to ensure that athletes achieve their highest performance levels during competitive seasons, monitoring their long-term performance data is crucial for understanding the impact of ongoing training programs and evaluating training strategies. The present study was thus designed to investigate the variations in body composition, maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max), and gas exchange threshold values of crosscountry skiers across training phases throughout a season. Materials and methods: In total, 15 athletes who participate in international crosscountry ski competitions voluntarily took part in this study. The athletes underwent incremental treadmill running tests at 3 different time points over a period of 1 year. The first measurements were obtained in July, during the first preparation period; the second measurements were obtained in October, during the second preparation period; and the third measurements were obtained in February, during the competition period. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat (%), as well as VO 2max values and gas exchange threshold, measured using V-slope method during the incremental running tests, were assessed at all 3 time points. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 20 package software. Significant differences between the measurements were assessed using Friedman's twoway variance analysis with a post hoc option. Results: The athletes' body weights and BMI measurements at the third point were significantly lower compared with the results of the second measurement (p<0.001). Moreover, the incremental running test time was significantly higher at the third measurement, compared with both the first (p<0.05) and the second (p<0.01) measurements. Similarly, the running speed during the test was significantly higher at the third measurement time point compared with the first measurement time point (p<0.05). Body fat (%), time to reach the gas exchange threshold, running speed at the gas exchange threshold, VO 2max , amount of oxygen consumed at gas exchange threshold level (VO 2GET), maximal heart rate (HR max), and heart rate at gas exchange threshold level (HR GET) values did not significantly differ between the measurement time points (p>0.05). Conclusion: VO 2max and gas exchange threshold values recorded during the third measurements, the timing of which coincided with the competitive season of the crosscountry skiers, did not significantly change, but their incremental running test time and running speed significantly increased while their body weight and BMI significantly decreased. These results indicate that the crosscountry skiers developed a tolerance for high-intensity exercise and reached their highest level of athletic performance during the competitive season.

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 2018

Introduction: The region between the ventilatory threshold (VT) and respiratory compensation poin... more Introduction: The region between the ventilatory threshold (VT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP) is defined as the isocapnic buffering (ICB) phase and represents a phase of compensation for exercise-induced metabolic acidosis. There is sparse literature examining the effects of physical training on ICB phase in athletes. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a repeated sprint training program on the ICB phase of college volleyball players. Methods: Eighteen male volleyball players were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=9) or a control group (n=9) and followed a traditional volleyball training program three times per week for six weeks. The experimental group additionally performed a repeated sprint training protocol immediately before each volleyball training session. Before and after the 6-week training period, all participants performed an incremental treadmill test to determine VT, RCP, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). T...

Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports, 2018

The purpose of this study was to compare the isocapnic buffering phase in crosscountry skiers and... more The purpose of this study was to compare the isocapnic buffering phase in crosscountry skiers and alpine skiers during an incremental treadmill exercise test. Material: International level male junior skiers including twelve crosscountry skiers and ten alpine skiers took part in the study. All participants performed an incremental treadmill exercise test to determine ventilatory threshold (VT), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max). The isocapnic buffering phase was calculated as the difference in VO 2 (ICB VO2) and running speed (ICB SPEED) between RCP and VT and expressed in either absolute or relative values. Results: VO 2max , maximal running speed, time to exhaustion, both absolute and relative VT values and absolute RCP values were higher in the crosscountry skiers than in the alpine skiers (P<0.05), whereas relative RCP showed similar values in both group (p > 0.05). Absolute ICB VO2 and ICB SPEED showed similar values in both group (p > 0.05), whereas relative ICB VO2 and ICB SPEED were found to be significantly higher in alpine skiers than in crosscountry skiers (P < 0.05). Maximal respiratory exchange ratio was higher in alpine skiers than in crosscountry skiers. Conclusions: The current findings suggest that anaerobic training may induces specific metabolic adaptations leading to increase in buffering capacity which may be a contributing factor to continue to exercise for relatively longer periods of time above the VT. Longer ICB phase in the anaerobic-trained athletes may an important factor in relation to the enhance high-intensity exercise tolerance.

Physical education of students, 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the occurrence of exercise-induced arterial ... more The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the occurrence of exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) in aerobic and anaerobic trained athletes during an incremental treadmill exercise test. Material: International level male junior skiers including ten crosscountry skiers and ten alpine skiers took part in the study. All participants performed an incremental treadmill exercise test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2) was continuously measured using a pulse oximetry. Maximal minute ventilation (VEmax), maximal heart rate (HRmax), ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VE/ VO2) and carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) were determined during the last stage of the incremental exercise test. EIAH was assumed to have developed when SaO2 decreased by at least 4% (ΔSaO2 ≤ −4%) from the baseline values. Results: VO2max, VE, maximal running speed and test time were higher in the crosscountry skiers than in the alpine skiers (p < 0.01), whereas HRmax, VE/VO2 and VE/VCO2 showed similar values in both group (p > 0.05). All the athletes in both groups exhibited EIAH. SaO2 was significantly decreased from 97.5 ± 0.9% at rest to 89 ± 2% at exhaustion in alpine skiers and from 97.8 ± 0.7% at rest to 88.1 ± 2.4% at exhaustion in crosscountry skiers (p < 0.001). There were no differences in resting and lowest %SaO2 values between two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: EIAH may occur in endurance athletes as well as anaerobic trained athletes. Well-trained athletes who have different aerobic fitness levels may exhibit similar EIAH during the incremental maximal exercise.

Biomedical Research, 2018

The perception of the visual environment plays the most prominent role for athletes of some sport... more The perception of the visual environment plays the most prominent role for athletes of some sports types. Saccades are the fastest movements of eye balls to launch the image of any peripheral visual object to fovea. Some researchers previously reported that athletes have better saccadic performance than non-athletes. We aimed to investigate prosaccadic and antisaccadic performances of athletes from various sports, which have different visual field changing velocities. Totally 40 male athletes were divided into four groups (tennis players, volleyball players, basketball players, swimmers), and each of them included 10 athletes. 10 non-athletes were formed as the control group. Our results indicated that tennis players and volleyball players had faster prosaccadic velocity than basketball players, swimmers and non-athletes groups. We found shorter antisaccadic latency in tennis, volleyball and basketball players than non-athletes. Swimmers' antisaccadic latency values were significantly different from neither basketball players nor non-athletes. We considered from these findings that gaining experience in some branches may improve planning of voluntary saccades and prosaccadic velocity. These improvements are evident in fast ball game players such as tennis and volleyball.

Physical education of students, 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold values bet... more The purpose of this study was to compare maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold values between soccer and handball players. Material: 10 male professional soccer players and 10 male professional handball players took part in the study. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max) and anaerobic threshold (AT) were assessed using an incremental treadmill test. AT was estimated noninvasively using the V-slope method. The values of VO 2 (AT VO2), heart rate (AT HR), time (AT TIME) and running speed (AT SPEED) corresponding to the AT were identified. AT was recorded as a percentage of VO 2max (AT %VO 2max) and HR max (AT %HR max). Time to exhaustion was determined as the total duration of the test.

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 2016

Background/Objective: To measure the cardiorespiratory and metabolic variables during the giant s... more Background/Objective: To measure the cardiorespiratory and metabolic variables during the giant slalom (GS) skiing activity under actual race conditions using a mobile gas analyzer. Methods: This study included 20 voluntary male alpine ski racers (mean age, 22.00 ± 1.45 years) who participated in international races. First, incremental running test was conducted to obtain volunteers' maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max) values. Second, respiratory data were measured during their performance on the GS course. Before both GS performance and incremental running test and at 1 minute, 3 minutes, and 5 minutes after the tests, blood lactate concentration was measured. Results: VO 2max values of the volunteers were 51.36 ± 2.68 mL/kg/min and they used 74.96% of this during their performance on the GS course. Their blood lactate concentrations reached the maximum level of 13.69 ± 2.06 mmol/L at the 5 th minute following the maximal exercise testing. After the GS performance, blood lactate values reached the maximum level of 10.13 ± 0.43 mmol/L at the 3 rd minute. While the maximum heart rate was 196.5 ± 4.3 bpm during the maximal exercise testing, it reached 201.7 ± 20 bpm during the GS performance. Conclusion: It is observed that the GS race is a high-intensity activity and that high amount of anaerobic contribution is used by alpine ski racers during the GS race. By contrast, it is understood that the aerobic contribution is also at a considerable level during such an anaerobic activity as GS.

sagens.erciyes.edu.tr

Özet: Bu çalışma Kayseri ili sınırlarındaki beş farklı ilköğretim okulu öğrencilerinde kayak spor... more Özet: Bu çalışma Kayseri ili sınırlarındaki beş farklı ilköğretim okulu öğrencilerinde kayak sporuna yönelik fiziksel uygunluk taraması yapılıp Türk Kayak Milli Takımı Sporcularının fiziksel uygunluk değerleriyle karşılaştırılarak kayak sporuna uygun fiziksel uygunluk ...