mohamed bayad - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by mohamed bayad

Revue Internationale De Psychosociologie, 2008

L'objectif de cet article est de s'interroger sur la convergence entre les notions d'entrepreneur... more L'objectif de cet article est de s'interroger sur la convergence entre les notions d'entrepreneuriat et de projet. Pour cela, nous nous intéresserons plus particulièrement au développement de la notion de projet au niveau de l'approche du phénomène entrepreneurial. Dans cette perspective, la position que nous souhaitons défendre dans ce texte est que l'entrepreneuriat est une activité à projet comme bien d'autres activités. ABSTRACT. The purpose of this article is to investigate the commonalities between two concepts: entrepreneurship and project. We will thus closely examine the project concept by way of the phenomena of entrepreneurship. Such a choice reflects our belief that entrepreneurship is a project-centred activity among other activities. MOTS-CLÉS : entrepreneuriat -projet -processus

L'objectif de notre communication est de s'interroger sur la relation entre valeur et désordre en... more L'objectif de notre communication est de s'interroger sur la relation entre valeur et désordre en entreprise au travers le paradoxe de la valeur et du désordre. Nous présenterons ici les résultats issue d'une observation quantitative permettant de mettre en évidence ce paradoxe. Puis, nous donnerons les éléments d'explication de ce paradoxe afin de faire émerger le concept de dynamique de la valeur.

Les cabinets conseil, les associations de promotion des outils de gestion ou encore les instituti... more Les cabinets conseil, les associations de promotion des outils de gestion ou encore les institutions représentatives constatent des difficultés à sensibiliser les PME aux outils de gestion.

Quel lien existe-t-il entre un sens giratoire, un chameau et un entrepreneur ? A travers cette qu... more Quel lien existe-t-il entre un sens giratoire, un chameau et un entrepreneur ? A travers cette question, la communication se propose de mettre en évidence l'importance du projet entrepreneurial dans le processus de structuration des organisations. Nous terminerons cette proposition par des actions mises en place auprès des entrepreneurs afin de les aider à construire et à piloter leur projet entrepreneurial.

Conservation tillage practices that entail no or reduced soil disturbance are known to help prese... more Conservation tillage practices that entail no or reduced soil disturbance are known to help preserve or accumulate soil organic matter (OM). However, the underlying mechanisms especially at the molecular level are not well understood. In this study soil samples from 25-year-old experimental plots continuously cropped with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under no-tillage (NT) and chisel tillage (CT) were subjected to a new physical fractionation method to isolate dissolved OM, mineral-free particulate OM located outside aggregates (physically and chemically unprotected), OM occluded within both macroaggregates and microaggregates (weakly and strongly protected by physical mechanisms, respectively), and OM in intimate association with minerals (protected by chemical mechanisms). The whole soils and OM fractions were analyzed for organic C and N content and by modern nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. The soil under NT stored 16% more organic C and 5% more N than the soil under CT. Compared to CT, NT increased free organic C content by 7%, intra-macroaggregate organic C content by 20%, intra-microaggregate organic C content by 63%, and mineral-associated organic C content by 16% and decreased dissolved organic C content by 11%. The mineral-associated OM pool accounted for 65% of the difference in total organic C content between NT and CT, whereas the intra-microaggregate OM only explained 18%, intra-macroaggregate OM 14%, and free OM 11%. The NMR experiments revealed that the free and intra-aggregate OM fractions were dominated by crop-derived materials at different stages of decomposition, whereas the mineral-associated OM pool was predominately of microbial origin. Overall, our results indicate that microbes and microbial by-products associated with mineral surfaces and likely physically protected by entrapment within very small microaggregates constitute the most important pool of OM stabilization and C sequestration in soils under NT. Most probably the slower macroaggregate turnover in NT relative to CT boosts not only the formation of microaggregates and thereby the physical protection of crop-derived particulate OM, but more importantly the interaction between mineral particles and microbial material that results in the formation of very stable organo-mineral complexes.

Revue Internationale De Psychosociologie, 2008

L'objectif de cet article est de s'interroger sur la convergence entre les notions d'entrepreneur... more L'objectif de cet article est de s'interroger sur la convergence entre les notions d'entrepreneuriat et de projet. Pour cela, nous nous intéresserons plus particulièrement au développement de la notion de projet au niveau de l'approche du phénomène entrepreneurial. Dans cette perspective, la position que nous souhaitons défendre dans ce texte est que l'entrepreneuriat est une activité à projet comme bien d'autres activités. ABSTRACT. The purpose of this article is to investigate the commonalities between two concepts: entrepreneurship and project. We will thus closely examine the project concept by way of the phenomena of entrepreneurship. Such a choice reflects our belief that entrepreneurship is a project-centred activity among other activities. MOTS-CLÉS : entrepreneuriat -projet -processus

L'objectif de notre communication est de s'interroger sur la relation entre valeur et désordre en... more L'objectif de notre communication est de s'interroger sur la relation entre valeur et désordre en entreprise au travers le paradoxe de la valeur et du désordre. Nous présenterons ici les résultats issue d'une observation quantitative permettant de mettre en évidence ce paradoxe. Puis, nous donnerons les éléments d'explication de ce paradoxe afin de faire émerger le concept de dynamique de la valeur.

Les cabinets conseil, les associations de promotion des outils de gestion ou encore les instituti... more Les cabinets conseil, les associations de promotion des outils de gestion ou encore les institutions représentatives constatent des difficultés à sensibiliser les PME aux outils de gestion.

Quel lien existe-t-il entre un sens giratoire, un chameau et un entrepreneur ? A travers cette qu... more Quel lien existe-t-il entre un sens giratoire, un chameau et un entrepreneur ? A travers cette question, la communication se propose de mettre en évidence l'importance du projet entrepreneurial dans le processus de structuration des organisations. Nous terminerons cette proposition par des actions mises en place auprès des entrepreneurs afin de les aider à construire et à piloter leur projet entrepreneurial.

Conservation tillage practices that entail no or reduced soil disturbance are known to help prese... more Conservation tillage practices that entail no or reduced soil disturbance are known to help preserve or accumulate soil organic matter (OM). However, the underlying mechanisms especially at the molecular level are not well understood. In this study soil samples from 25-year-old experimental plots continuously cropped with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under no-tillage (NT) and chisel tillage (CT) were subjected to a new physical fractionation method to isolate dissolved OM, mineral-free particulate OM located outside aggregates (physically and chemically unprotected), OM occluded within both macroaggregates and microaggregates (weakly and strongly protected by physical mechanisms, respectively), and OM in intimate association with minerals (protected by chemical mechanisms). The whole soils and OM fractions were analyzed for organic C and N content and by modern nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. The soil under NT stored 16% more organic C and 5% more N than the soil under CT. Compared to CT, NT increased free organic C content by 7%, intra-macroaggregate organic C content by 20%, intra-microaggregate organic C content by 63%, and mineral-associated organic C content by 16% and decreased dissolved organic C content by 11%. The mineral-associated OM pool accounted for 65% of the difference in total organic C content between NT and CT, whereas the intra-microaggregate OM only explained 18%, intra-macroaggregate OM 14%, and free OM 11%. The NMR experiments revealed that the free and intra-aggregate OM fractions were dominated by crop-derived materials at different stages of decomposition, whereas the mineral-associated OM pool was predominately of microbial origin. Overall, our results indicate that microbes and microbial by-products associated with mineral surfaces and likely physically protected by entrapment within very small microaggregates constitute the most important pool of OM stabilization and C sequestration in soils under NT. Most probably the slower macroaggregate turnover in NT relative to CT boosts not only the formation of microaggregates and thereby the physical protection of crop-derived particulate OM, but more importantly the interaction between mineral particles and microbial material that results in the formation of very stable organo-mineral complexes.