mohamed ghobashy - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by mohamed ghobashy

Research paper thumbnail of Microplastics contamination in commercial fish from Alexandria City, the Mediterranean Coast of Egypt

Research paper thumbnail of Locally Applied Repositioned Hormones for Oral Bone and Periodontal Tissue Engineering: A Narrative Review

Polymers

Bone and periodontium are tissues that have a unique capacity to repair from harm. However, repla... more Bone and periodontium are tissues that have a unique capacity to repair from harm. However, replacing or regrowing missing tissues is not always effective, and it becomes more difficult as the defect grows larger. Because of aging and the increased prevalence of debilitating disorders such as diabetes, there is a considerable increase in demand for orthopedic and periodontal surgical operations, and successful techniques for tissue regeneration are still required. Even with significant limitations, such as quantity and the need for a donor area, autogenous bone grafts remain the best solution. Topical administration methods integrate osteoconductive biomaterial and osteoinductive chemicals as hormones as alternative options. This is a promising method for removing the need for autogenous bone transplantation. Furthermore, despite enormous investigation, there is currently no single approach that can reproduce all the physiologic activities of autogenous bone transplants. The localiz...

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental investigation of E-beam effect on the electric field distribution in cross-linked polyethylene/ZnO nanocomposites for medium-voltage cables simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics

Journal of Analytical Science and Technology

This study investigated the electric field distribution of underground cable insulation in cross-... more This study investigated the electric field distribution of underground cable insulation in cross-linked polyethylene/zinc oxide (XLPE/ ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) for medium-voltage (MV) cables. The ZnO NPs that were obtained by three methods of preparation were classified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The obtained ZnO NPs were semi-spheres with sizes of 35–55 nm on TEM images. XLPE/ ZnO films with various ZnO NP weight contents (i.e., 0, 1, 3, and 5%) were exposed to varied dosages of 3-MeV electron beam (EB); 0 kGy, 15 kGy, 20 kGy, and 25 kGy. The optimum film XLPE/ 5-ZnO, which has ZnO NP content (5 wt%), irradiated at 25 kGy, according to alternating current (AC)/ DC conductivity (AC: 1 × 10−4 S/m; DC: 12.44 × 10−2 S/m) in minimum relative permittivity (2.24), was obtained. COMSOL Multiphysics was used to simulate the electric field distribution within an MV cable of 25-kGy XLPE/ 5-ZnO insulation. The maximum uniform electric field was found in the middle of the 25-...

Research paper thumbnail of Cross-Linking Method-Based Nanogels for Biomedical Applications

Handbook of Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Green materials (DL-methionine/abietic acid)-based epoxy acrylate as promising antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents, and corrosion inhibitors for electron beam curable steel coating in different corrosive media

Progress in Organic Coatings, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Coinciding Changes in B Lines Patterns, Haemoglobin and Hematocrit Values Can Predict Outcomes of Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019

BACKGROUND: Weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) is considered as a daily challengin... more BACKGROUND: Weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) is considered as a daily challenging practice in the management of critically ill patients. The use of lung ultrasound and change in haemoglobin and hematocrit during weaning may help to predict weaning outcomes. AIM: We aimed in our study to make a focused view over the changes occurred in lungs during weaning from MV which were detected by lung ultrasound through increase in B lines with the occurrence of weaning induced pulmonary oedema (WIPE), coinciding with this changes the occurrence of hemoconcentration was detected through increase in Hb and HCT values after SBT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty patients who fulfilled readiness criteria for weaning from MV. Spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) on T-piece for 120 minutes was performed under close hemodynamic monitoring. Lung ultrasound was performed using eight lung zones protocol to detect both the presence and the trend of change in B lines before and after SBT. For all...

Research paper thumbnail of Superabsorbent

Hydrogels, 2018

Superabsorbent hydrogel (SAH) is a cross-linked polyelectrolyte polymer that has the capability t... more Superabsorbent hydrogel (SAH) is a cross-linked polyelectrolyte polymer that has the capability to absorb a lot of water by keeping it in a three-dimensional (3D) structure. The network's structure of SAH has the high elasticity that gives the ability of pores to expand in an aqueous media into up to 150-1500 times their own size in a dry state. The size of pores is the major factor that controls the swelling degree of the hydrogel. In contrast, the swelling degree is related to cross-linked density and the number of polarizable functional groups that immobilize on the polymer backbone. The hydrogels could be made by radical-initiated polymerization of hydrophilic monomers, and/or linear polymers dissolve in an aqueous solution. Free radical polymerization of the hydrogel can be done physically or chemically. Advantages and disadvantages of each method will be elaborated in this chapter. The advances in radiation cross-linking methods for the hydrogel preparation are particularly addressed besides other different techniques, e.g., (freezing/ thawing and chemical initiation). This chapter will review the preparation methods of superabsorbent hydrogels from synthetic and natural hydrophilic polymers with other new phases such as wax, gum, and rubber. Methods to characterize these hydrogels and their proposed applications (internal curing agent for cement, agricultural proposal, biomedical proposal, and environmental proposal) are also reviewed.

Research paper thumbnail of Greener synthesis of carbon dots

Handbook of Greener Synthesis of Nanomaterials and Compounds, 2021

Abstract This chapter deals with carbon dots nanoparticles (C-Dot) developed from green approache... more Abstract This chapter deals with carbon dots nanoparticles (C-Dot) developed from green approaches and their biotechnology applications. Green synthesis not only uses natural sources but the utilization of desirable approach in which should be environmentally friendly that eliminates or reduces waste generated and implementing sustainable operations in the manufacture of chemical products. Recently, due to their low environmental threat and minimal toxicity to the human body, the greener synthesizing carbon dot (C-Dot) has become a major target of researchers. In addition, due to of their physicochemical characteristics carbon dots as a new type of fluorescent nanoparticles with a relative size of 2–10 nm is candidate to biomedical application. Carbon dots nanoparticles (C-DotN) have achieved great progress in biomedical fields. Carbon dots can be used in the field of biological fluorescence monitoring, and for clinical diagnosis and therapy due to their porous structures, large surface area, and good biocompatibility. Comparison of other synthesis approaches the yield of carbon dot NPs synthesized from plant is high and gives stable C-Dot in terms of shape and size. In addition, the presence of certain materials in plant extracts may be very useful and persuasive for the human body, because if have antioxidant effects. This chapter has been conduct the adequate producers are required in order to reduce the possibilities steps to produce C-Dot. The most used solvent is the water and the most used synthesis technique is hydrothermal, these due to the water polarity that appropriated to dissolve a large scale of ions salt and hydrothermal techniques are very easily techniques to give high yield of C-Dots. The charge of surface and the agglomeration/aggregation range of the obtained C-Dots could be controlled the emission intensity of fluorescence in term of the quantum yield (QY percent). The most as-prepared C-Dot has relatively low quantum yield (QY percent) value, the (QY) value can be enhancement by heteroatoms doping C-Dot, such as Nitrogen, Sulfur and Phosphorous. Nitrogen atom might deliver electrons into C-Dot and alter the electronic internal structure.

Research paper thumbnail of Ionizing Radiation-Induced Polymerization

Ionizing Radiation Effects and Applications, 2018

Ionizing radiation can induce some kinds of reactions, other than polymerization, such as dimeriz... more Ionizing radiation can induce some kinds of reactions, other than polymerization, such as dimerization, oligomerization, curing, and grafting. These reactions occur through a regular radical chain causing growth of polymer by three steps, namely, initiation, propagation, and termination. To understand ionizing radiation-induced polymerization, the water radiolysis must be taken into consideration. This chapter explores the mechanism of water molecules radiolysis paying especial attention to the basic regularities of solvent radicals' interaction with the polymer molecules for forming the crosslinked polymer. Water radiolysis is the main engine of the polymerization processes, especially the "freeradical polymerization." The mechanisms of the free-radical polymerization and crosslinking will be discussed in detail later. Since different polymers respond differently to radiation, it is useful to quantify the response, namely in terms of crosslinking and chain scission. A parameter called the G-value is frequently used for this purpose. It represents the chemical yield of crosslinks, scissions and double bonds, etc. For the crosslinked polymer, the crosslinking density increases with increasing the radiation dose, this is reflected by the swelling degree of the polymer while being immersed in a compatible solvent. If crosslinking predominates, the crosslinking density increases and the extent of swelling decreases. If chain scission predominates, the opposite occurs. A further detailed discussion of these aspects is presented throughout this chapter.

Research paper thumbnail of Radiation synthesis of porous calcium silicate aerogel derived from polyacrylamide hydrogel as thermal insulator

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 2021

In this article, the first aerogels synthesis through cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel... more In this article, the first aerogels synthesis through cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel was reported through the use of gamma irradiation technique. Hydrogel obtained from gamma irradiation of acrylamide monomer dissolved in a solution of sodium silicate as a silicon precursor. Various irradiation doses (10 up to 60 kGy) and various acrylamide (AAm) contents (6.25, 9.37, 12.5, and 30%) were utilized in the polymerization process. The polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel loaded with sodium silicate inside is soaked in a solution of CaCl2 and then heated at a temperature of 250 °C for 2 h to provide Ca-silicate aerogels with density around 0.16–0.095 gm/cm3 and porosity of 84–94.8%. Almost all samples of the obtained (Ca-Si) aerogels have porosity >80% and low thermal conductivity (thermal conductivity value around 0.114 and 0.096 W/m.K) at ambient condition. This work discusses the effects of preparation conditions like the gamma-irradiation doses and the total solids content (wt%) of PAAm on the formation of Ca-silicate aerogels. It was found that PAAm plays a crucial role in the thermal conductivity and porosity (%) of the obtained Ca-Si aerogel samples. The increasing of PAAm content (wt%) from 6.25 to 30% increased the pores (v%) from 84 to 90.5% and reduced the thermal conductivity from 0.114 to 0.096 W/(m.K). This is because the presence of PAAm at higher concentrations increases the free volume and reduces interfacial interactions to give a high-porous structure of the Ca-Si aerogel. Preparation procedure of the calcium silicate aerogels using gamma irradiation technique. In particular, the cross-linked polyacrylamide has higher modulus as reinforced silica aerogels of low density. The reinforced Ca-silicate aerogels can be an outstanding thermal insulating material used for different industrial and space exploration, with their very porous texture. Preparation procedure of the calcium silicate aerogels using gamma irradiation technique. In particular, the cross-linked polyacrylamide has higher modulus as reinforced silica aerogels of low density. The reinforced Ca-silicate aerogels can be an outstanding thermal insulating material used for different industrial and space exploration, with their very porous texture. Performed the radiation synthesis of macro porous calcium silicate aerogels based different ratio of polyacrylamide hydrogel. Investigated the effects of preparation conditions on the properties of Ca-silicate aerogels. All obtained (Ca-Si) aerogels samples have porosity greater than 80%. All obtained (Ca-Si) aerogels samples have thermal conductivity around 0.114 and 0.096 W/m.K). Performed the radiation synthesis of macro porous calcium silicate aerogels based different ratio of polyacrylamide hydrogel. Investigated the effects of preparation conditions on the properties of Ca-silicate aerogels. All obtained (Ca-Si) aerogels samples have porosity greater than 80%. All obtained (Ca-Si) aerogels samples have thermal conductivity around 0.114 and 0.096 W/m.K).

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of Red algae and different Gamma irradiation doses on the physicochemical properties and Biodegradation rate of EPDM/EVA/TPS blend

Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science, 2020

Algae-based bioplastic were prepared during this work to show the impact of red algae incorporati... more Algae-based bioplastic were prepared during this work to show the impact of red algae incorporation and gamma irradiation dose on the biodegradation and physicochemical properties of EPDM/EVA/TPS-algae blend. It was found that red algae increasing resulted in increasing of water uptake ratio and decreasing of crosslinking density percentage, also mechanical properties was enhanced by incorporation of red algae from 5 to 20wt.% but further addition of algae i.e. 30wt.% made the sample fragile and decreasing the mechanical properties. While gamma irradiation dose increasing causes decline of mechanical properties and slightly decreasing of both water uptake and crosslinking density percentage which may be attributed to the degradation effect of gamma radiation. Moreover, weight loss percentage in general was found to increase by increasing of gamma radiation dose, and anaerobic biodegradation was higher than that of aerobic one. The irradiated and unirradiated bioplastic samples of EPDM/EVA/TPS-algae can be used as compostable materials and as soil conditioner which can supply the plant with nutrients through the biodegradation process by microorganisms and are effectively able to improve the Radish plant growth.

Research paper thumbnail of Functionalized of wax-magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4/PE) pellets by radiation grafting of PAAc for safe dye removal

Cogent Chemistry, 2017

Gamma radiation has been used for the fabrication of polyethylene (PE) wax from low density polye... more Gamma radiation has been used for the fabrication of polyethylene (PE) wax from low density polyethylene pellets composited with 30wt% magnetic oxide Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. The surface of (PE/Fe 3 O 4) pellets was grafted by acrylic acid AAc using gamma irradiation techniques. A polarity of COOH groups support (PE/ Fe 3 O 4) uses, where functionalization give it facilities to be ready in hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic environments and increasing the capability in adsorbing wide variety of dyes molecules. Wax increases the stability and this will help to improve the recyclability of (PE-g-PAAc)/Fe 3 O 4 ; recyclability is also helped by Fe 3 O 4 , compared to traditional dye adsorbents. The grafted polyethylene wax can serve as a good adsorbent support for a large variety of dyes. The chemical structure of the modified PE surface was achieved by a grafting process using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Samples of (PE-g-PAAc)/Fe 3 O 4 have been characterized for water uptake and surface morphology using a scanning electron microscope (SEM); the crystal structure has been determined using X-ray diffraction; and dye removal efficiency was assessed using toluidine blue (TB) as a model.

Research paper thumbnail of pH stimuli-responsive poly(acrylamide-co-sodium alginate) hydrogels prepared by γ-radiation for improved compressive strength of concrete

Advances in Polymer Technology, 2017

Cross-linking of superabsorbent hydrogels based on poly(acrylamide-co-sodium alginate) is carried... more Cross-linking of superabsorbent hydrogels based on poly(acrylamide-co-sodium alginate) is carried out using 60Co γ-radiation. Hydrogels of PAM/NaAlg with 1.5:0.5 and 1.0:1.0 w/v concentrations showed good gel contents of 87 and 66 (%) and swelling degrees in water of 3.7 and 5 (g/g) after 40 min, respectively. The chemical structure of the hydrogel is confirmed by FTIR, XRD, and ESR. The morphology of the hydrogel is observed using scanning electron microscopy. Intramolecular H-bonding in the hydrogel network is confirmed by TGA and DSC. The pH-responsive swelling behavior of (PAM-co-NaAlg) hydrogels is tested in different pH ranges showing higher swelling capacities in basic than in acidic media. This property proposes the use of (PAM-co-NaAlg) hydrogel as internal curing agent for concrete. The hydrogel is examined with cement weight ratios of (0.1–0.5) wt%. The study shows that cement with (PAM-co-NaAlg) hydrogel improves the compressive strength of cement at 0.1 and 0.2 wt%.

Research paper thumbnail of Silver rubber-hydrogel nanocomposite as pH-sensitive prepared by gamma radiation: Part I

Cogent Chemistry, 2017

Silver rubber-hydrogel nanocomposite based on silver/styrene butadiene rubber/polyvinylpyrrolidon... more Silver rubber-hydrogel nanocomposite based on silver/styrene butadiene rubber/polyvinylpyrrolidone/methacrylic acid (SBR/PVP/MAA)/Ag was prepared by gamma radiation-induced crosslinking. During the radiation crosslinking of SBR/ PVP/MAA solution containing silver nitrate AgNO 3 (0.01 mol), in situ reduction of Ag + ions was performed under the radiolysis of water. The properties of sliver rubber-hydrogel nanocomposite were investigated by FT-IR, XRD, TEM, SEM, DSC and TGA techniques. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) reveals that AgNPs have uniform distribution and spherical shape with mean diameter in the range of 8-10 nm. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results of the nanocomposite showed one phase suggesting the miscibility between rubber and hydrogel phases. The swelling measurement of the synthesized silver rubber-hydrogel nanocomposite in different pHs at room temperature was performed. The results showed that it has pH-sensitivity.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of sulfonated groups on the proton and methanol transport behavior of irradiated PS/PEVA membrane

International Journal of Plastics Technology, 2017

Poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) (PEVA) and polystyrene (PS) were completely miscible for forming a b... more Poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) (PEVA) and polystyrene (PS) were completely miscible for forming a blend polymer using gamma irradiation. After irradiation process the crosslinking takes place even at room temperature in a toluene solvent. As a result of which an insoluble blend polymer PS/PEVA is formed after casting. To produce the polymer blend membrane as proton exchange membranes for fuel cells, the sulfonation of PS/PEVA take place using acetyl sulphate as the sulfonating agent. Sulfonated blend polymer (PS-SO 3 H/PEVA) makes the production of the membrane exhibited extremely high methanol uptake and methanol permeability. The blend membranes also exhibited superior water uptake capacity and water swellability. Now, a blend polymer (PS-SO 3 H/PEVA) electrolyte membrane is ready for using as proton electrolyte membranes fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). From a conceptual point of view, DMFC and PEMFC systems are very similar, except for being supplied by different fuels such as methanol and hydrogen, respectively. Commonly, PEMFCs are performed at temperature lower than 100°C and, the ideal working temperature of the PEMFCs should be above 100°C. TGA confirmed that the irradiated PS/PEVA membrane is stable at a high temperature due to the crosslinked induced by gamma irradiation. Therefore, According to the interesting performances in terms of proton conductivity (3.2 9 10 3-) Scm-1 at 40 kHz and thermal stability and costs the PS-SO 3 H/ PEVA very suitable for full cell.

Research paper thumbnail of Ion Etching Induced Surface Patterns of Blend Polymer (Poly Ethylene Glycol – Poly Methyl Methacrylate) Irradiated with Gamma Rays

International Polymer Processing, 2017

The pattern surface structure of a thin blend polymer film of Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) – P... more The pattern surface structure of a thin blend polymer film of Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) – Poly ethylene glycol (PEG) induced by Ar+ ion etching (5 keV) has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Blend polymer films have been obtained consisting of a hydrophilic PEG and a hydrophobic PMMA distributed in co-continuous phases. Four different compositions of the two polymers are dissolved in chloroform and irradiated with gamma rays (60Co) at 20 kGy to produce transparent films of blend polymer PMMA-PEG after casting. Self-assembled of PMMA-PEG film is obtained because of the high contrast between the two polymers. Ion-polymer interaction with a hydrophilic polymer (Ar+ +PEG) rather than the high etch resistance of hydrophobic polymer (Ar+ −PMMA) was observed. The results are discussed in terms of significant destruction of bonds in the blend polymer films as a result of which one polymer undergoes rapid dissociation rather than the other one. This means that etching w...

Research paper thumbnail of Combined ultrasonic and gamma-irradiation to prepare TiO2@PET-g-PAAc fabric composite for self-cleaning application

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2017

The grafting of polyacrylic acid (PAAc) onto the fabric of Poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) was ... more The grafting of polyacrylic acid (PAAc) onto the fabric of Poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) was loaded with TiO 2 by a mixture sonication of TiO 2 dispersed in AAc dissolved in acetone solvent. Ultrasonic irradiation was utilized as a tool for a good dispersion of TiO 2 onto the PET fabric. The grafted PET fabrics with acrylic acid AAc monomer were successfully obtained using gamma-ray induced graft polymerization, the degree of grafting PET-g-PAAc fiber was 105%. The chemical compositions and crystal structure of grafted TiO 2 @PET-g-PAAc fabrics were characterized by ATR-FTIR and XRD. It was found that loading of PET fiber with in TiO 2 particles showing the formation of anatase and rutile as performed by XRD. The thermal property of TiO 2 @PET-g-PAAc was investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The obtained result indicated the thermal property of the grafted TiO 2 @PET-g-PAAc was increased. Image of scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicated the good adherent and good distribution of PAAc and TiO 2 with PET fabric. The self-cleaning property of TiO 2 @PET-g-PAAc has been evaluated by using three kinds of dyes as models.

Research paper thumbnail of Sulfonated gamma-irradiated blend poly(styrene/ethylene-vinyl acetate) membrane and their electrical properties

Advances in Polymer Technology, 2016

A compatibilized blend membrane of polystyrene (PS)/polyethylene-vinyl acetate (PEVA) (50: 50) wt... more A compatibilized blend membrane of polystyrene (PS)/polyethylene-vinyl acetate (PEVA) (50: 50) wt % was produced by compression molded at 180°C after irradiated by gamma ray at 50-kGy dose. The influence of gamma radiation on the properties of the blend (PS/PEVA) membrane was investigated. The irradiated samples showed an increase in the degree of crystallinity due to the presence of additional chemical bonds as observed by X-ray diffraction. As a result of irradiation, the miscibility of the two polymer matrix is enhanced by interfacial adhesion between the components in the blend polymer without any voids as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, electrical conductivity in the blend (PS/PEVA) membrane was enhanced by introducing SO 3 H groups. Sulfonation process converts the blend from noncontact (5 × 10 −8 S cm −1) to semi-contact (3.8 × 10 −3 S cm −1) by AC current at wet condition, and this can find applications in the fuel cells.

Research paper thumbnail of Potential of carbon particle reinforced polypropylene formed in-situ through the pyrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose

Composites Communications, 2016

Abstract The potential of reinforcing polypropylene (PP) with carbon particles through an in-situ... more Abstract The potential of reinforcing polypropylene (PP) with carbon particles through an in-situ process is investigated. In this technique 44 µm reinforcement particles are created through pyrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) during compounding. CMC is a natural cellulose polymer that decomposes at 270 °C – the processing temperature of PP. CMC was mixed with polypropylene and pyrolysed through successive extrusion compounding cycles, before being injection moulded into samples. This technique results in good dispersion of the carbon particles without any agglomerations, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermogravimetric analyses reveal a carbon content of 4–28 vol% when initially mixing 2.5–25 wt% CMC into the PP matrix. Mechanical testing of the carbon reinforced PP results in an improvement in impact strength by 69%, however, at the cost of a 14% drop in tensile strength, both associated with a weak particle-matrix interface as evidenced by SEM and mathematical modelling of the interface. This, in addition to the prolonged processing time are outcomes calling for the optimisation of the compounding and pyrolysis process in future work. However, this study definitely shows the potential of reinforcing thermoplastic polymers through the pyrolysis of another carbon-rich polymer of low thermal stability.

Research paper thumbnail of Chemical Modification of Nano Polyacrylonitrile Prepared by Emulsion Polymerization Induced by Gamma Radiation and Their Use for Removal of Some Metal Ions

Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 2016

Emulsion polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) was carried out using gamma irradiation at a dose o... more Emulsion polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) was carried out using gamma irradiation at a dose of 20 kGy. Tween 80 (poly oxy ethylene sorbitan monooleate) and (sodium dodecylsulfate) SDS were used as emulsifiers. The chemical modification of nano PAN was carried out to convert the nitrile group into the carboxylic acid group by refluxed nano PAN with sodium hydroxide. The chemical modified nano PAN was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy The Transmission electron microscopy has been used to assess the average particle diameter of the chemically modified nano PAN, the results indicates that the diameter of chemically modified nano PAN particle is ranged from 5 to 15 nm. The ability of modified nano PAN attachment with carboxylic acid groups have been applied effectively for adsorption of various metal ions such as (Pb 2? , Cu 2? and Cd 2?). The capability and efficiency of the modified nano PAN for the removal of Pb 2? , Cu 2? and Cd 2? was detected by atomic absorption spectroscopy. A solution containing about 10 mg L-1 of three metal ions of (Pb 2? , Cu 2? and Cd 2?) was treated with 0.01 g of modified nano PAN at a temperature of 40°C. The metal ion removal capacity of modified nano PAN was found to follow the order: Cd 2? [ Cu 2? [ Pb 2?. The highest removal efficiency of the modified nano PAN was for Cd 2? , in which the highest amount of Cd 2? removal was 4.951 mg g-1 dry of modified nano PAN.

Research paper thumbnail of Microplastics contamination in commercial fish from Alexandria City, the Mediterranean Coast of Egypt

Research paper thumbnail of Locally Applied Repositioned Hormones for Oral Bone and Periodontal Tissue Engineering: A Narrative Review

Polymers

Bone and periodontium are tissues that have a unique capacity to repair from harm. However, repla... more Bone and periodontium are tissues that have a unique capacity to repair from harm. However, replacing or regrowing missing tissues is not always effective, and it becomes more difficult as the defect grows larger. Because of aging and the increased prevalence of debilitating disorders such as diabetes, there is a considerable increase in demand for orthopedic and periodontal surgical operations, and successful techniques for tissue regeneration are still required. Even with significant limitations, such as quantity and the need for a donor area, autogenous bone grafts remain the best solution. Topical administration methods integrate osteoconductive biomaterial and osteoinductive chemicals as hormones as alternative options. This is a promising method for removing the need for autogenous bone transplantation. Furthermore, despite enormous investigation, there is currently no single approach that can reproduce all the physiologic activities of autogenous bone transplants. The localiz...

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental investigation of E-beam effect on the electric field distribution in cross-linked polyethylene/ZnO nanocomposites for medium-voltage cables simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics

Journal of Analytical Science and Technology

This study investigated the electric field distribution of underground cable insulation in cross-... more This study investigated the electric field distribution of underground cable insulation in cross-linked polyethylene/zinc oxide (XLPE/ ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) for medium-voltage (MV) cables. The ZnO NPs that were obtained by three methods of preparation were classified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The obtained ZnO NPs were semi-spheres with sizes of 35–55 nm on TEM images. XLPE/ ZnO films with various ZnO NP weight contents (i.e., 0, 1, 3, and 5%) were exposed to varied dosages of 3-MeV electron beam (EB); 0 kGy, 15 kGy, 20 kGy, and 25 kGy. The optimum film XLPE/ 5-ZnO, which has ZnO NP content (5 wt%), irradiated at 25 kGy, according to alternating current (AC)/ DC conductivity (AC: 1 × 10−4 S/m; DC: 12.44 × 10−2 S/m) in minimum relative permittivity (2.24), was obtained. COMSOL Multiphysics was used to simulate the electric field distribution within an MV cable of 25-kGy XLPE/ 5-ZnO insulation. The maximum uniform electric field was found in the middle of the 25-...

Research paper thumbnail of Cross-Linking Method-Based Nanogels for Biomedical Applications

Handbook of Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Green materials (DL-methionine/abietic acid)-based epoxy acrylate as promising antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents, and corrosion inhibitors for electron beam curable steel coating in different corrosive media

Progress in Organic Coatings, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Coinciding Changes in B Lines Patterns, Haemoglobin and Hematocrit Values Can Predict Outcomes of Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019

BACKGROUND: Weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) is considered as a daily challengin... more BACKGROUND: Weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) is considered as a daily challenging practice in the management of critically ill patients. The use of lung ultrasound and change in haemoglobin and hematocrit during weaning may help to predict weaning outcomes. AIM: We aimed in our study to make a focused view over the changes occurred in lungs during weaning from MV which were detected by lung ultrasound through increase in B lines with the occurrence of weaning induced pulmonary oedema (WIPE), coinciding with this changes the occurrence of hemoconcentration was detected through increase in Hb and HCT values after SBT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty patients who fulfilled readiness criteria for weaning from MV. Spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) on T-piece for 120 minutes was performed under close hemodynamic monitoring. Lung ultrasound was performed using eight lung zones protocol to detect both the presence and the trend of change in B lines before and after SBT. For all...

Research paper thumbnail of Superabsorbent

Hydrogels, 2018

Superabsorbent hydrogel (SAH) is a cross-linked polyelectrolyte polymer that has the capability t... more Superabsorbent hydrogel (SAH) is a cross-linked polyelectrolyte polymer that has the capability to absorb a lot of water by keeping it in a three-dimensional (3D) structure. The network's structure of SAH has the high elasticity that gives the ability of pores to expand in an aqueous media into up to 150-1500 times their own size in a dry state. The size of pores is the major factor that controls the swelling degree of the hydrogel. In contrast, the swelling degree is related to cross-linked density and the number of polarizable functional groups that immobilize on the polymer backbone. The hydrogels could be made by radical-initiated polymerization of hydrophilic monomers, and/or linear polymers dissolve in an aqueous solution. Free radical polymerization of the hydrogel can be done physically or chemically. Advantages and disadvantages of each method will be elaborated in this chapter. The advances in radiation cross-linking methods for the hydrogel preparation are particularly addressed besides other different techniques, e.g., (freezing/ thawing and chemical initiation). This chapter will review the preparation methods of superabsorbent hydrogels from synthetic and natural hydrophilic polymers with other new phases such as wax, gum, and rubber. Methods to characterize these hydrogels and their proposed applications (internal curing agent for cement, agricultural proposal, biomedical proposal, and environmental proposal) are also reviewed.

Research paper thumbnail of Greener synthesis of carbon dots

Handbook of Greener Synthesis of Nanomaterials and Compounds, 2021

Abstract This chapter deals with carbon dots nanoparticles (C-Dot) developed from green approache... more Abstract This chapter deals with carbon dots nanoparticles (C-Dot) developed from green approaches and their biotechnology applications. Green synthesis not only uses natural sources but the utilization of desirable approach in which should be environmentally friendly that eliminates or reduces waste generated and implementing sustainable operations in the manufacture of chemical products. Recently, due to their low environmental threat and minimal toxicity to the human body, the greener synthesizing carbon dot (C-Dot) has become a major target of researchers. In addition, due to of their physicochemical characteristics carbon dots as a new type of fluorescent nanoparticles with a relative size of 2–10 nm is candidate to biomedical application. Carbon dots nanoparticles (C-DotN) have achieved great progress in biomedical fields. Carbon dots can be used in the field of biological fluorescence monitoring, and for clinical diagnosis and therapy due to their porous structures, large surface area, and good biocompatibility. Comparison of other synthesis approaches the yield of carbon dot NPs synthesized from plant is high and gives stable C-Dot in terms of shape and size. In addition, the presence of certain materials in plant extracts may be very useful and persuasive for the human body, because if have antioxidant effects. This chapter has been conduct the adequate producers are required in order to reduce the possibilities steps to produce C-Dot. The most used solvent is the water and the most used synthesis technique is hydrothermal, these due to the water polarity that appropriated to dissolve a large scale of ions salt and hydrothermal techniques are very easily techniques to give high yield of C-Dots. The charge of surface and the agglomeration/aggregation range of the obtained C-Dots could be controlled the emission intensity of fluorescence in term of the quantum yield (QY percent). The most as-prepared C-Dot has relatively low quantum yield (QY percent) value, the (QY) value can be enhancement by heteroatoms doping C-Dot, such as Nitrogen, Sulfur and Phosphorous. Nitrogen atom might deliver electrons into C-Dot and alter the electronic internal structure.

Research paper thumbnail of Ionizing Radiation-Induced Polymerization

Ionizing Radiation Effects and Applications, 2018

Ionizing radiation can induce some kinds of reactions, other than polymerization, such as dimeriz... more Ionizing radiation can induce some kinds of reactions, other than polymerization, such as dimerization, oligomerization, curing, and grafting. These reactions occur through a regular radical chain causing growth of polymer by three steps, namely, initiation, propagation, and termination. To understand ionizing radiation-induced polymerization, the water radiolysis must be taken into consideration. This chapter explores the mechanism of water molecules radiolysis paying especial attention to the basic regularities of solvent radicals' interaction with the polymer molecules for forming the crosslinked polymer. Water radiolysis is the main engine of the polymerization processes, especially the "freeradical polymerization." The mechanisms of the free-radical polymerization and crosslinking will be discussed in detail later. Since different polymers respond differently to radiation, it is useful to quantify the response, namely in terms of crosslinking and chain scission. A parameter called the G-value is frequently used for this purpose. It represents the chemical yield of crosslinks, scissions and double bonds, etc. For the crosslinked polymer, the crosslinking density increases with increasing the radiation dose, this is reflected by the swelling degree of the polymer while being immersed in a compatible solvent. If crosslinking predominates, the crosslinking density increases and the extent of swelling decreases. If chain scission predominates, the opposite occurs. A further detailed discussion of these aspects is presented throughout this chapter.

Research paper thumbnail of Radiation synthesis of porous calcium silicate aerogel derived from polyacrylamide hydrogel as thermal insulator

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 2021

In this article, the first aerogels synthesis through cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel... more In this article, the first aerogels synthesis through cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel was reported through the use of gamma irradiation technique. Hydrogel obtained from gamma irradiation of acrylamide monomer dissolved in a solution of sodium silicate as a silicon precursor. Various irradiation doses (10 up to 60 kGy) and various acrylamide (AAm) contents (6.25, 9.37, 12.5, and 30%) were utilized in the polymerization process. The polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel loaded with sodium silicate inside is soaked in a solution of CaCl2 and then heated at a temperature of 250 °C for 2 h to provide Ca-silicate aerogels with density around 0.16–0.095 gm/cm3 and porosity of 84–94.8%. Almost all samples of the obtained (Ca-Si) aerogels have porosity >80% and low thermal conductivity (thermal conductivity value around 0.114 and 0.096 W/m.K) at ambient condition. This work discusses the effects of preparation conditions like the gamma-irradiation doses and the total solids content (wt%) of PAAm on the formation of Ca-silicate aerogels. It was found that PAAm plays a crucial role in the thermal conductivity and porosity (%) of the obtained Ca-Si aerogel samples. The increasing of PAAm content (wt%) from 6.25 to 30% increased the pores (v%) from 84 to 90.5% and reduced the thermal conductivity from 0.114 to 0.096 W/(m.K). This is because the presence of PAAm at higher concentrations increases the free volume and reduces interfacial interactions to give a high-porous structure of the Ca-Si aerogel. Preparation procedure of the calcium silicate aerogels using gamma irradiation technique. In particular, the cross-linked polyacrylamide has higher modulus as reinforced silica aerogels of low density. The reinforced Ca-silicate aerogels can be an outstanding thermal insulating material used for different industrial and space exploration, with their very porous texture. Preparation procedure of the calcium silicate aerogels using gamma irradiation technique. In particular, the cross-linked polyacrylamide has higher modulus as reinforced silica aerogels of low density. The reinforced Ca-silicate aerogels can be an outstanding thermal insulating material used for different industrial and space exploration, with their very porous texture. Performed the radiation synthesis of macro porous calcium silicate aerogels based different ratio of polyacrylamide hydrogel. Investigated the effects of preparation conditions on the properties of Ca-silicate aerogels. All obtained (Ca-Si) aerogels samples have porosity greater than 80%. All obtained (Ca-Si) aerogels samples have thermal conductivity around 0.114 and 0.096 W/m.K). Performed the radiation synthesis of macro porous calcium silicate aerogels based different ratio of polyacrylamide hydrogel. Investigated the effects of preparation conditions on the properties of Ca-silicate aerogels. All obtained (Ca-Si) aerogels samples have porosity greater than 80%. All obtained (Ca-Si) aerogels samples have thermal conductivity around 0.114 and 0.096 W/m.K).

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of Red algae and different Gamma irradiation doses on the physicochemical properties and Biodegradation rate of EPDM/EVA/TPS blend

Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science, 2020

Algae-based bioplastic were prepared during this work to show the impact of red algae incorporati... more Algae-based bioplastic were prepared during this work to show the impact of red algae incorporation and gamma irradiation dose on the biodegradation and physicochemical properties of EPDM/EVA/TPS-algae blend. It was found that red algae increasing resulted in increasing of water uptake ratio and decreasing of crosslinking density percentage, also mechanical properties was enhanced by incorporation of red algae from 5 to 20wt.% but further addition of algae i.e. 30wt.% made the sample fragile and decreasing the mechanical properties. While gamma irradiation dose increasing causes decline of mechanical properties and slightly decreasing of both water uptake and crosslinking density percentage which may be attributed to the degradation effect of gamma radiation. Moreover, weight loss percentage in general was found to increase by increasing of gamma radiation dose, and anaerobic biodegradation was higher than that of aerobic one. The irradiated and unirradiated bioplastic samples of EPDM/EVA/TPS-algae can be used as compostable materials and as soil conditioner which can supply the plant with nutrients through the biodegradation process by microorganisms and are effectively able to improve the Radish plant growth.

Research paper thumbnail of Functionalized of wax-magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4/PE) pellets by radiation grafting of PAAc for safe dye removal

Cogent Chemistry, 2017

Gamma radiation has been used for the fabrication of polyethylene (PE) wax from low density polye... more Gamma radiation has been used for the fabrication of polyethylene (PE) wax from low density polyethylene pellets composited with 30wt% magnetic oxide Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. The surface of (PE/Fe 3 O 4) pellets was grafted by acrylic acid AAc using gamma irradiation techniques. A polarity of COOH groups support (PE/ Fe 3 O 4) uses, where functionalization give it facilities to be ready in hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic environments and increasing the capability in adsorbing wide variety of dyes molecules. Wax increases the stability and this will help to improve the recyclability of (PE-g-PAAc)/Fe 3 O 4 ; recyclability is also helped by Fe 3 O 4 , compared to traditional dye adsorbents. The grafted polyethylene wax can serve as a good adsorbent support for a large variety of dyes. The chemical structure of the modified PE surface was achieved by a grafting process using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Samples of (PE-g-PAAc)/Fe 3 O 4 have been characterized for water uptake and surface morphology using a scanning electron microscope (SEM); the crystal structure has been determined using X-ray diffraction; and dye removal efficiency was assessed using toluidine blue (TB) as a model.

Research paper thumbnail of pH stimuli-responsive poly(acrylamide-co-sodium alginate) hydrogels prepared by γ-radiation for improved compressive strength of concrete

Advances in Polymer Technology, 2017

Cross-linking of superabsorbent hydrogels based on poly(acrylamide-co-sodium alginate) is carried... more Cross-linking of superabsorbent hydrogels based on poly(acrylamide-co-sodium alginate) is carried out using 60Co γ-radiation. Hydrogels of PAM/NaAlg with 1.5:0.5 and 1.0:1.0 w/v concentrations showed good gel contents of 87 and 66 (%) and swelling degrees in water of 3.7 and 5 (g/g) after 40 min, respectively. The chemical structure of the hydrogel is confirmed by FTIR, XRD, and ESR. The morphology of the hydrogel is observed using scanning electron microscopy. Intramolecular H-bonding in the hydrogel network is confirmed by TGA and DSC. The pH-responsive swelling behavior of (PAM-co-NaAlg) hydrogels is tested in different pH ranges showing higher swelling capacities in basic than in acidic media. This property proposes the use of (PAM-co-NaAlg) hydrogel as internal curing agent for concrete. The hydrogel is examined with cement weight ratios of (0.1–0.5) wt%. The study shows that cement with (PAM-co-NaAlg) hydrogel improves the compressive strength of cement at 0.1 and 0.2 wt%.

Research paper thumbnail of Silver rubber-hydrogel nanocomposite as pH-sensitive prepared by gamma radiation: Part I

Cogent Chemistry, 2017

Silver rubber-hydrogel nanocomposite based on silver/styrene butadiene rubber/polyvinylpyrrolidon... more Silver rubber-hydrogel nanocomposite based on silver/styrene butadiene rubber/polyvinylpyrrolidone/methacrylic acid (SBR/PVP/MAA)/Ag was prepared by gamma radiation-induced crosslinking. During the radiation crosslinking of SBR/ PVP/MAA solution containing silver nitrate AgNO 3 (0.01 mol), in situ reduction of Ag + ions was performed under the radiolysis of water. The properties of sliver rubber-hydrogel nanocomposite were investigated by FT-IR, XRD, TEM, SEM, DSC and TGA techniques. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) reveals that AgNPs have uniform distribution and spherical shape with mean diameter in the range of 8-10 nm. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results of the nanocomposite showed one phase suggesting the miscibility between rubber and hydrogel phases. The swelling measurement of the synthesized silver rubber-hydrogel nanocomposite in different pHs at room temperature was performed. The results showed that it has pH-sensitivity.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of sulfonated groups on the proton and methanol transport behavior of irradiated PS/PEVA membrane

International Journal of Plastics Technology, 2017

Poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) (PEVA) and polystyrene (PS) were completely miscible for forming a b... more Poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) (PEVA) and polystyrene (PS) were completely miscible for forming a blend polymer using gamma irradiation. After irradiation process the crosslinking takes place even at room temperature in a toluene solvent. As a result of which an insoluble blend polymer PS/PEVA is formed after casting. To produce the polymer blend membrane as proton exchange membranes for fuel cells, the sulfonation of PS/PEVA take place using acetyl sulphate as the sulfonating agent. Sulfonated blend polymer (PS-SO 3 H/PEVA) makes the production of the membrane exhibited extremely high methanol uptake and methanol permeability. The blend membranes also exhibited superior water uptake capacity and water swellability. Now, a blend polymer (PS-SO 3 H/PEVA) electrolyte membrane is ready for using as proton electrolyte membranes fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). From a conceptual point of view, DMFC and PEMFC systems are very similar, except for being supplied by different fuels such as methanol and hydrogen, respectively. Commonly, PEMFCs are performed at temperature lower than 100°C and, the ideal working temperature of the PEMFCs should be above 100°C. TGA confirmed that the irradiated PS/PEVA membrane is stable at a high temperature due to the crosslinked induced by gamma irradiation. Therefore, According to the interesting performances in terms of proton conductivity (3.2 9 10 3-) Scm-1 at 40 kHz and thermal stability and costs the PS-SO 3 H/ PEVA very suitable for full cell.

Research paper thumbnail of Ion Etching Induced Surface Patterns of Blend Polymer (Poly Ethylene Glycol – Poly Methyl Methacrylate) Irradiated with Gamma Rays

International Polymer Processing, 2017

The pattern surface structure of a thin blend polymer film of Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) – P... more The pattern surface structure of a thin blend polymer film of Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) – Poly ethylene glycol (PEG) induced by Ar+ ion etching (5 keV) has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Blend polymer films have been obtained consisting of a hydrophilic PEG and a hydrophobic PMMA distributed in co-continuous phases. Four different compositions of the two polymers are dissolved in chloroform and irradiated with gamma rays (60Co) at 20 kGy to produce transparent films of blend polymer PMMA-PEG after casting. Self-assembled of PMMA-PEG film is obtained because of the high contrast between the two polymers. Ion-polymer interaction with a hydrophilic polymer (Ar+ +PEG) rather than the high etch resistance of hydrophobic polymer (Ar+ −PMMA) was observed. The results are discussed in terms of significant destruction of bonds in the blend polymer films as a result of which one polymer undergoes rapid dissociation rather than the other one. This means that etching w...

Research paper thumbnail of Combined ultrasonic and gamma-irradiation to prepare TiO2@PET-g-PAAc fabric composite for self-cleaning application

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2017

The grafting of polyacrylic acid (PAAc) onto the fabric of Poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) was ... more The grafting of polyacrylic acid (PAAc) onto the fabric of Poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) was loaded with TiO 2 by a mixture sonication of TiO 2 dispersed in AAc dissolved in acetone solvent. Ultrasonic irradiation was utilized as a tool for a good dispersion of TiO 2 onto the PET fabric. The grafted PET fabrics with acrylic acid AAc monomer were successfully obtained using gamma-ray induced graft polymerization, the degree of grafting PET-g-PAAc fiber was 105%. The chemical compositions and crystal structure of grafted TiO 2 @PET-g-PAAc fabrics were characterized by ATR-FTIR and XRD. It was found that loading of PET fiber with in TiO 2 particles showing the formation of anatase and rutile as performed by XRD. The thermal property of TiO 2 @PET-g-PAAc was investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The obtained result indicated the thermal property of the grafted TiO 2 @PET-g-PAAc was increased. Image of scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicated the good adherent and good distribution of PAAc and TiO 2 with PET fabric. The self-cleaning property of TiO 2 @PET-g-PAAc has been evaluated by using three kinds of dyes as models.

Research paper thumbnail of Sulfonated gamma-irradiated blend poly(styrene/ethylene-vinyl acetate) membrane and their electrical properties

Advances in Polymer Technology, 2016

A compatibilized blend membrane of polystyrene (PS)/polyethylene-vinyl acetate (PEVA) (50: 50) wt... more A compatibilized blend membrane of polystyrene (PS)/polyethylene-vinyl acetate (PEVA) (50: 50) wt % was produced by compression molded at 180°C after irradiated by gamma ray at 50-kGy dose. The influence of gamma radiation on the properties of the blend (PS/PEVA) membrane was investigated. The irradiated samples showed an increase in the degree of crystallinity due to the presence of additional chemical bonds as observed by X-ray diffraction. As a result of irradiation, the miscibility of the two polymer matrix is enhanced by interfacial adhesion between the components in the blend polymer without any voids as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, electrical conductivity in the blend (PS/PEVA) membrane was enhanced by introducing SO 3 H groups. Sulfonation process converts the blend from noncontact (5 × 10 −8 S cm −1) to semi-contact (3.8 × 10 −3 S cm −1) by AC current at wet condition, and this can find applications in the fuel cells.

Research paper thumbnail of Potential of carbon particle reinforced polypropylene formed in-situ through the pyrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose

Composites Communications, 2016

Abstract The potential of reinforcing polypropylene (PP) with carbon particles through an in-situ... more Abstract The potential of reinforcing polypropylene (PP) with carbon particles through an in-situ process is investigated. In this technique 44 µm reinforcement particles are created through pyrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) during compounding. CMC is a natural cellulose polymer that decomposes at 270 °C – the processing temperature of PP. CMC was mixed with polypropylene and pyrolysed through successive extrusion compounding cycles, before being injection moulded into samples. This technique results in good dispersion of the carbon particles without any agglomerations, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermogravimetric analyses reveal a carbon content of 4–28 vol% when initially mixing 2.5–25 wt% CMC into the PP matrix. Mechanical testing of the carbon reinforced PP results in an improvement in impact strength by 69%, however, at the cost of a 14% drop in tensile strength, both associated with a weak particle-matrix interface as evidenced by SEM and mathematical modelling of the interface. This, in addition to the prolonged processing time are outcomes calling for the optimisation of the compounding and pyrolysis process in future work. However, this study definitely shows the potential of reinforcing thermoplastic polymers through the pyrolysis of another carbon-rich polymer of low thermal stability.

Research paper thumbnail of Chemical Modification of Nano Polyacrylonitrile Prepared by Emulsion Polymerization Induced by Gamma Radiation and Their Use for Removal of Some Metal Ions

Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 2016

Emulsion polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) was carried out using gamma irradiation at a dose o... more Emulsion polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) was carried out using gamma irradiation at a dose of 20 kGy. Tween 80 (poly oxy ethylene sorbitan monooleate) and (sodium dodecylsulfate) SDS were used as emulsifiers. The chemical modification of nano PAN was carried out to convert the nitrile group into the carboxylic acid group by refluxed nano PAN with sodium hydroxide. The chemical modified nano PAN was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy The Transmission electron microscopy has been used to assess the average particle diameter of the chemically modified nano PAN, the results indicates that the diameter of chemically modified nano PAN particle is ranged from 5 to 15 nm. The ability of modified nano PAN attachment with carboxylic acid groups have been applied effectively for adsorption of various metal ions such as (Pb 2? , Cu 2? and Cd 2?). The capability and efficiency of the modified nano PAN for the removal of Pb 2? , Cu 2? and Cd 2? was detected by atomic absorption spectroscopy. A solution containing about 10 mg L-1 of three metal ions of (Pb 2? , Cu 2? and Cd 2?) was treated with 0.01 g of modified nano PAN at a temperature of 40°C. The metal ion removal capacity of modified nano PAN was found to follow the order: Cd 2? [ Cu 2? [ Pb 2?. The highest removal efficiency of the modified nano PAN was for Cd 2? , in which the highest amount of Cd 2? removal was 4.951 mg g-1 dry of modified nano PAN.