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Papers by mona hussain

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2021

Doxorubicin is a drug that belongs to the anthracycline antibiotics. Nephrotoxicity is one of the... more Doxorubicin is a drug that belongs to the anthracycline antibiotics. Nephrotoxicity is one of the serious side effects of doxorubicin treatment. Crocin, which is one of the most bioactive components of saffron, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects. The current study was aimed at investigating the possible protective effects of crocin against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity to elucidate the underlying mechanism of this effect. The study included four groups, six rats in each group: normal control, crocin control, doxorubicin, and crocin/doxorubicin. Doxorubicin and crocin/doxorubicin groups received intraperitoneal injections of doxorubicin (3.5 mg/kg twice weekly for 3 weeks). Rats in the crocin control group and the crocin/doxorubicin group were treated with intraperitoneal injections of crocin (100 mg/kg body weight per day) for 3 weeks. Biomarkers of kidney function and oxidative stress as well as the abundance of mRNA for nuclear factor-κβ and inducible n...

Impact of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells on Gentamicin-Induced Renal Injury and Genotoxicity in Rats

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI), also known as acute renal failure (ARF), has received cons... more Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI), also known as acute renal failure (ARF), has received considerable critical attention in recent years. Gentamicin (GM) is an antibiotic whose prolonged use results in AKI with a high mortality rate. Methods: Fifty adult female albino rats weighing 150–200 g were used. The animals were divided into five groups: the first group was the normal healthy control one, the second group received only 1 × 106 HUCB mononuclear cells (MNCs)/rat by intravenous (iv) injection, the third diseased group was given GM 100 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days by intraperitoneal injections, the fourth preventive group received 1 × 106 HUCB MNCs/rat by iv injection 24 h before gentamicin treatment, and the fifth treated group received 1 × 106 HUCB MNCs/rat by iv injection 24 h after gentamicin treatment. After 1 week of treatment, blood samples were collected, and kidneys were removed for histopathological examination. Results: Rats treated with HUCB MNCs in the treated g...

Gentamicin is an effective aminoglycoside antibiotic drug but unfortunately up to 30% of gentamic... more Gentamicin is an effective aminoglycoside antibiotic drug but unfortunately up to 30% of gentamicin-treated patients may develop nephrotoxicity. Suggested mechanisms of gentamicininduced nephrotoxicity included inflammation and oxidative stress injury. Evening primrose oil (EPO) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The aim of current study was to assess the possible renoprotective effect of EPO/vitamin E combination treatment on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Additionally, to address the responsible mechanism(s) of this effect. Eighteen adult male albino Sprague-Dawley rats were equally and randomly divided into three groups; normal control, gentamicin control and EPO/vitamin E treated groups. Gentamicin control group and EPO/vitamin E treated group received IP gentamicin injections for 5 days (100 mg/kg). EPO/vitamin E treated group received EPO/vitamin E (10 g and 200 IU /kg/day respectively orally). Renal function, oxidative stress and histopathological chan...

Suez Canal University Medical Journal

Background: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease mainly characterized by loss of do... more Background: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease mainly characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and their terminals in the striatum. The development of neuroprotective drugs that slow or delay neurodegeneration became of a considerable interest. In numerous animal models, exogenously administered EPO exhibits neuroprotective effects. Aim: The current research investigated the impact of administration of recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) in rotenone parkinsonian rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty two adult male albino Sprague-Dawly rats were equally and randomly divided into four groups; group 1 the vehicle-treated group, group 2 rotenone-treated group, group 3 treated with rotenone in addition to intranasal rhEPO and group 4 treated with rotenone in addition to intraperitoneal rhEPO. The motor performance of the rats was evaluated. Malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione were assayed. Blood indices were measured. Histopathology of the substantia nigra was also done. Results: Results showed that rotenone-treated rats exhibited significant impairment of motor coordination and marked degeneration of substantia nigra neurons was observed. Both intranasal and intraperitoneal rhEPO treatment improved the motor deficit and significantly increased the number of neurons in the SNpc. intraperitoneal rhEPO significantly increased lipid peroxide and significantly affected blood indices. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that, EPO may have neuroprotective effect in PD. Systemic rhEPO neuroprotective effects may be attenuated by its adverse effects such as increase of OS in the vascular system and stimulation of erythropoiesis. Small doses of intranasal EPO may be sufficient to produce neuroprotection without affecting erythropoiesis and further researches are required to address the mechanisms of neuroprotective effects of EPO.

Suez Canal University Medical Journal

Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide and recurrent attempts for losing w... more Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide and recurrent attempts for losing weight are very common. Diet cycling predisposes to health hazards including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Aim: to evaluate the effect of diet cycling on the course of NAFLD. Materials and methods: Seventy-two male albino Sprague-Dawly rats were used in the study. Rats were equally divided into three groups: Normal rat chow diet (NCD) control group, high fat diet (HFD) group, and diet cycling group. NCD and HFD groups were kept on NCD and HFD respectively for the overall experimental period. Diet cycling group was fed with HFD for eight weeks to induce NAFLD, and then shifted to NCD for four weeks, followed by HFD for four weeks to allow rebound weight gain. By the end of eight, twelve and sixteen weeks, eight rats from each group were randomly selected and evaluated for body mass index (BMI), liver index, lipid profile, free fatty acids, liver enzymes, homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1).+ Hepatic oxidative stress enzymes were also measured. Liver histopathology and alphasmooth-muscle actin (α-SMA) immunoreactivity were evaluated. Results: Diet cycling group showed significant increase in BMI, Liver index, serum inflammatory markers, and concomitant significant decrease in hepatic glutathione peroxidase levels. In addition, marked fatty and inflammatory infiltrations were observed in diet cycling group. Conclusion: Diet cycling had a negative influence on NAFLD and interfered with normal liver function. These results suggest that rebound weight gain negatively affect the course of NAFLD.

Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences

Several studies investigating the beneficial effects of curcumin administration in aging on the o... more Several studies investigating the beneficial effects of curcumin administration in aging on the other hand, curcumin may have the potential to contribute to the development of anemia. So this study was designed to compare the hematological effects of curcumin administration in adult and aged rats. Materials and methods: Twelve adult rats 6 months old and twelve aged rats 20 months old were used in this study. Adult and aged rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups: control adult, curcumin-treated adult, control aged and curcumin-treated aged groups. Curcumin was administered in curcumin groups (50mg/Kg i.p. for 21 consecutive days). The rat tail bleeding time was assayed. Blood indices, platelets indices, in vitro platelets aggregation, total and differential white blood cells counts were measured. Results: Curcumin caused a significant decrease in red blood cells count and hemoglobin concentrations in aged group. Also curcumin significantly decreased hematocrit in adult and aged rats. In aged group curcumin significantly increased the platelets count and platelet indices. In adult group, it caused a significant increase in platelet indices only. Tail bleeding time and platelets aggregation significantly increased in curcumin-treated aged group versus control adult group. Conclusion: Curcumin administration in aged rats caused anemia, the cause of anemia may be the iron deficiency. Curcumin also caused an increase in platelets count and this may represents reactive thrombocytosis to the iron deficiency anemia and it prolonged the bleeding time. So these hematological sequelae of curcumin administration must be seriously taken in consideration with practical implications of curcumin in aging. Further researches are required to address the mechanisms of these effects.

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

Targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) is an approved strategy in fa... more Targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) is an approved strategy in facing insulin resistance (IR) for diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2. The PPAR-γ modulators display improvements in the insulin-sensitizing and adverse effects of the traditional thiazolidinediones. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is proposed as a PPAR-γ receptor ligand with agonistic post-transcriptional effects. Currently, NTZ antidiabetic activities versus pioglitazone (PIO) in a high-fat diet/streptozotocin rat model of type 2 diabetes was explored. Diabetic adult male Wistar rats were treated orally with either PIO (2.7 mg·kg−1·day−1) or NTZ (200 mg·kg−1·day−1) for 14, 21, and 28 days. Body masses, fasting blood glucose, IR, lipid profiles, and liver and kidney functions of rats were assayed. Hepatic glucose metabolism and PPAR-γ protein expression levels as well as hepatic, pancreatic, muscular, and renal histopathology were evaluated. Significant time-dependent euglycemic and insulin-sensitizing eff...

Modulation of the IL-23/IL-17 axis by fenofibrate ameliorates the ovalbumin/lipopolysaccharide-induced airway inflammation and bronchial asthma in rats

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, Mar 1, 2018

The overlapping between asthmatic subtypes, including both CD4+ T helper (TH)2 and TH17 cells, is... more The overlapping between asthmatic subtypes, including both CD4+ T helper (TH)2 and TH17 cells, is found in the natural course of allergic asthma, especially in exacerbations and severe and insensitive forms to steroids, which are in need of new molecular therapies. In the TH2-subset mediated asthma, fenofibrate displays therapeutic promises, besides evidenced therapeutic effects on TH17-mediated colitis and myocarditis. Therefore, the effects of fenofibrate versus dexamethasone on IL-23/IL-17 axis in ovalbumin (OVA)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced airway inflammation and bronchial asthma in rats were explored. The OVA/LPS sensitization and challenge were performed for 28 days in male Wistar rats. After sensitization, fenofibrate (100 mg/kg/day) or dexamethasone (2.5 mg/kg/day) was orally administered from the day 15 to 28. Either fenofibrate or dexamethasone attenuated the severity of OVA/LPS-induced airway inflammation and bronchial asthma through significant ameliorations in the ...

Curcumin attenuates erythropoiesis in recombinant human erythropoietin-induced polycythemia in rats

National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Background: Several studies documented the non-hematologic clinical therapeutic uses of recombina... more Background: Several studies documented the non-hematologic clinical therapeutic uses of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO). On the other hand, hypertension, thromboembolism, and increased oxidative stress were toxic effects related to the increased hematocrit (Hct) with recombinant human EPO treatment. Accordingly, alternate strategies to reduce erythropoietic activity and other potential side effects of EPO will greatly improve its non-hematopoietic clinical applicability. Aims and Objectives: Our objective was to demonstrate whether curcumin treatment could attenuate the effect of recombinant human EPO on erythropoiesis in EPO-induced polycythemia, and if so, whether this effect is mediated by changing concentrations of iron and its key regulator hormone hepcidin in rats. Materials and Methods: Totally 24 male albino Sprague-Dawley rats were included in this study. Rats were equally divided into four groups: Control group, curcumin-treated group, EPO-induced polycythemia group, and curcumin + EPO-induced polycythemia group. Blood indices and serum concentrations of iron, ferritin, and hepcidin were measured. Results: EPO treatment caused significant increase in hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells, and Hct versus other study groups (P < 0.05). Curcumin treatment significantly decreased Hct in curcumin-treated group versus control and EPO-induced polycythemia groups (P = 0.021 and 0.008, respectively). Serum iron concentrations were significantly decreased in curcumin + EPO-induced polycythemia group versus control group. Serum ferritin concentrations were significantly decreased in all treated groups versus the control group. Serum hepcidin concentrations were significantly decreased in EPO-induced polycythemia group and curcumin + EPO-induced polycythemia group versus control group. Conclusion: The presented data suggest a potentially attenuating effect of curcumin administration on recombinant human EPO-induced polycythemia. This effect may be mediated by promoting iron deficiency. However, further studies are required to address the safety of this combination treatment and interspecies differences in iron metabolism between rats and human in addition to have better understanding of the role of the hepcidin.

Introduction: Globally, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, predisposing fema... more Introduction: Globally, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, predisposing females to health hazards including compromised reproductive capacity. Our objective was to investigate the effect of ad libitum, isocalorically and hypocalorically restricted high-fat diet (HFD) feeding on reproductive function in diet-induced obese female rats. Material and methods: Twenty female albino Sprague Dawley rats were used; 5 rats were kept on a standard pellet animal diet to serve as a control group (A) and 15 rats were fed a HFD for 9 weeks to induce obesity. The HFD fed animals were equally divided into three groups: an ad libitum HFD group (B), an isocalorically restricted HFD group (C), and a hypocalorically restricted HFD group (D). Estrous cyclicity, hormonal levels, ovarian histopathology and caspase-3 immunoreactivity were evaluated. Results: The HFD-fed rats in groups B, C and D had significant irregularity in estrous cyclicity Vs group A (p = 0.001, 0.003 and 0.034 respectively). Groups C and D had significant reduction in serum progesterone level (p = 0.006 and 0.018 Vs A). Isocaloric restriction of HFD feeding significantly increased serum LH. Groups B and C had a significant increase in caspase-3 expression in the ovary (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Ad libitum HFD interfered with the normal estrous cycle and enhanced apoptosis of luteal cells in obese female rats. The HFD restriction interfered with the normal estrous cycle and caused functional insufficiency of the corpus luteum in obese female rats. These results suggest that HFD feeding determinately affects female reproductive function independently of caloric intake.

Prepubertal Induction of Obesity Impaired Reproductive Function in Male Rat at Maturity

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology Advances, 2015

The effect of obesity on reproductive function in obese men is much less investigated than in wom... more The effect of obesity on reproductive function in obese men is much less investigated than in women. In addition, the mechanism of male reproductive outcomes in obesity is unknown. So this study was designed to investigate the effect of prepubertal induction of obesity on the reproductive function in male rats at maturity and to address whether inflammation and testicular oxidative stress are involved at the mechanistical level. Fourteen male albino rats, 4 weeks old were included and divided into control group (n=6) and high fat diet group (n=8). The animal characteristics were assessed, serum biochemical parameters, FSH, LH, testosterone, estradiol, TNFα, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured, sperm count and motility were measured, testicular oxidative stress markers were assayed and histopathological evaluation of spermatogenesis was done. HFD feeding induced significant increase in body weight, BMI, Lee index, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, TNFα and testicular malondialdehyde. HFD feeding induced significant decrease in relative testicular weight, IL-10, sperm count and progressive movement and testicular glutathione peroxidase. HFD group revealed defective spermatogenesis. Prepubertal induction of obesity impaired the reproductive function in mature male rats. Testicular oxidative stress and inflammation may be playing an important role in this effect.

Suez Canal University Medical Journal

Background: Diabetic Nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease and the most frequ... more Background: Diabetic Nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease and the most frequent cause of mortality in patients with diabetes. Therefore, it is extremely important to identify novel interventions to halt the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Aim: This study investigated the effect of human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) derived (CD34 +) stem cells therapy on renal morphologic and functional changes and alterations of kidney enzyme levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Materials and Methods: Sixty adult male albino rats were included in this study and were randomly and equally divided into three groups. Group 'A' was the control, group 'B' was treated with STZ (65 mg/kg, IP) only and group 'C' was treated with STZ and HUCB CD34 + stem cells (1 x 10 6 cells/ rat, IV). Results: Intravenous injection of CD34 + cells caused significant improvement in blood glucose level (438.3±67 mg/dl of group B vs. 141.8±23.4 mg/dl of group C, p < 0.01). Serum urea and creatinine levels were significantly lower of group C than group B. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes in the kidney tissues were significantly lower of group C than group B. Histopathology of the kidney showed much better recovery of group C than group B. Conclusion: HUCB CD34 + cells transplantation in diabetic rats is able to improve blood glucose level, partially ameliorate the renal damage in diabetic rats and consequently improve renal function, renal histology and renal enzyme levels alteration.

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2021

Doxorubicin is a drug that belongs to the anthracycline antibiotics. Nephrotoxicity is one of the... more Doxorubicin is a drug that belongs to the anthracycline antibiotics. Nephrotoxicity is one of the serious side effects of doxorubicin treatment. Crocin, which is one of the most bioactive components of saffron, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects. The current study was aimed at investigating the possible protective effects of crocin against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity to elucidate the underlying mechanism of this effect. The study included four groups, six rats in each group: normal control, crocin control, doxorubicin, and crocin/doxorubicin. Doxorubicin and crocin/doxorubicin groups received intraperitoneal injections of doxorubicin (3.5 mg/kg twice weekly for 3 weeks). Rats in the crocin control group and the crocin/doxorubicin group were treated with intraperitoneal injections of crocin (100 mg/kg body weight per day) for 3 weeks. Biomarkers of kidney function and oxidative stress as well as the abundance of mRNA for nuclear factor-κβ and inducible n...

Impact of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells on Gentamicin-Induced Renal Injury and Genotoxicity in Rats

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI), also known as acute renal failure (ARF), has received cons... more Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI), also known as acute renal failure (ARF), has received considerable critical attention in recent years. Gentamicin (GM) is an antibiotic whose prolonged use results in AKI with a high mortality rate. Methods: Fifty adult female albino rats weighing 150–200 g were used. The animals were divided into five groups: the first group was the normal healthy control one, the second group received only 1 × 106 HUCB mononuclear cells (MNCs)/rat by intravenous (iv) injection, the third diseased group was given GM 100 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days by intraperitoneal injections, the fourth preventive group received 1 × 106 HUCB MNCs/rat by iv injection 24 h before gentamicin treatment, and the fifth treated group received 1 × 106 HUCB MNCs/rat by iv injection 24 h after gentamicin treatment. After 1 week of treatment, blood samples were collected, and kidneys were removed for histopathological examination. Results: Rats treated with HUCB MNCs in the treated g...

Gentamicin is an effective aminoglycoside antibiotic drug but unfortunately up to 30% of gentamic... more Gentamicin is an effective aminoglycoside antibiotic drug but unfortunately up to 30% of gentamicin-treated patients may develop nephrotoxicity. Suggested mechanisms of gentamicininduced nephrotoxicity included inflammation and oxidative stress injury. Evening primrose oil (EPO) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The aim of current study was to assess the possible renoprotective effect of EPO/vitamin E combination treatment on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Additionally, to address the responsible mechanism(s) of this effect. Eighteen adult male albino Sprague-Dawley rats were equally and randomly divided into three groups; normal control, gentamicin control and EPO/vitamin E treated groups. Gentamicin control group and EPO/vitamin E treated group received IP gentamicin injections for 5 days (100 mg/kg). EPO/vitamin E treated group received EPO/vitamin E (10 g and 200 IU /kg/day respectively orally). Renal function, oxidative stress and histopathological chan...

Suez Canal University Medical Journal

Background: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease mainly characterized by loss of do... more Background: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease mainly characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and their terminals in the striatum. The development of neuroprotective drugs that slow or delay neurodegeneration became of a considerable interest. In numerous animal models, exogenously administered EPO exhibits neuroprotective effects. Aim: The current research investigated the impact of administration of recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) in rotenone parkinsonian rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty two adult male albino Sprague-Dawly rats were equally and randomly divided into four groups; group 1 the vehicle-treated group, group 2 rotenone-treated group, group 3 treated with rotenone in addition to intranasal rhEPO and group 4 treated with rotenone in addition to intraperitoneal rhEPO. The motor performance of the rats was evaluated. Malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione were assayed. Blood indices were measured. Histopathology of the substantia nigra was also done. Results: Results showed that rotenone-treated rats exhibited significant impairment of motor coordination and marked degeneration of substantia nigra neurons was observed. Both intranasal and intraperitoneal rhEPO treatment improved the motor deficit and significantly increased the number of neurons in the SNpc. intraperitoneal rhEPO significantly increased lipid peroxide and significantly affected blood indices. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that, EPO may have neuroprotective effect in PD. Systemic rhEPO neuroprotective effects may be attenuated by its adverse effects such as increase of OS in the vascular system and stimulation of erythropoiesis. Small doses of intranasal EPO may be sufficient to produce neuroprotection without affecting erythropoiesis and further researches are required to address the mechanisms of neuroprotective effects of EPO.

Suez Canal University Medical Journal

Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide and recurrent attempts for losing w... more Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide and recurrent attempts for losing weight are very common. Diet cycling predisposes to health hazards including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Aim: to evaluate the effect of diet cycling on the course of NAFLD. Materials and methods: Seventy-two male albino Sprague-Dawly rats were used in the study. Rats were equally divided into three groups: Normal rat chow diet (NCD) control group, high fat diet (HFD) group, and diet cycling group. NCD and HFD groups were kept on NCD and HFD respectively for the overall experimental period. Diet cycling group was fed with HFD for eight weeks to induce NAFLD, and then shifted to NCD for four weeks, followed by HFD for four weeks to allow rebound weight gain. By the end of eight, twelve and sixteen weeks, eight rats from each group were randomly selected and evaluated for body mass index (BMI), liver index, lipid profile, free fatty acids, liver enzymes, homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1).+ Hepatic oxidative stress enzymes were also measured. Liver histopathology and alphasmooth-muscle actin (α-SMA) immunoreactivity were evaluated. Results: Diet cycling group showed significant increase in BMI, Liver index, serum inflammatory markers, and concomitant significant decrease in hepatic glutathione peroxidase levels. In addition, marked fatty and inflammatory infiltrations were observed in diet cycling group. Conclusion: Diet cycling had a negative influence on NAFLD and interfered with normal liver function. These results suggest that rebound weight gain negatively affect the course of NAFLD.

Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences

Several studies investigating the beneficial effects of curcumin administration in aging on the o... more Several studies investigating the beneficial effects of curcumin administration in aging on the other hand, curcumin may have the potential to contribute to the development of anemia. So this study was designed to compare the hematological effects of curcumin administration in adult and aged rats. Materials and methods: Twelve adult rats 6 months old and twelve aged rats 20 months old were used in this study. Adult and aged rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups: control adult, curcumin-treated adult, control aged and curcumin-treated aged groups. Curcumin was administered in curcumin groups (50mg/Kg i.p. for 21 consecutive days). The rat tail bleeding time was assayed. Blood indices, platelets indices, in vitro platelets aggregation, total and differential white blood cells counts were measured. Results: Curcumin caused a significant decrease in red blood cells count and hemoglobin concentrations in aged group. Also curcumin significantly decreased hematocrit in adult and aged rats. In aged group curcumin significantly increased the platelets count and platelet indices. In adult group, it caused a significant increase in platelet indices only. Tail bleeding time and platelets aggregation significantly increased in curcumin-treated aged group versus control adult group. Conclusion: Curcumin administration in aged rats caused anemia, the cause of anemia may be the iron deficiency. Curcumin also caused an increase in platelets count and this may represents reactive thrombocytosis to the iron deficiency anemia and it prolonged the bleeding time. So these hematological sequelae of curcumin administration must be seriously taken in consideration with practical implications of curcumin in aging. Further researches are required to address the mechanisms of these effects.

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

Targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) is an approved strategy in fa... more Targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) is an approved strategy in facing insulin resistance (IR) for diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2. The PPAR-γ modulators display improvements in the insulin-sensitizing and adverse effects of the traditional thiazolidinediones. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is proposed as a PPAR-γ receptor ligand with agonistic post-transcriptional effects. Currently, NTZ antidiabetic activities versus pioglitazone (PIO) in a high-fat diet/streptozotocin rat model of type 2 diabetes was explored. Diabetic adult male Wistar rats were treated orally with either PIO (2.7 mg·kg−1·day−1) or NTZ (200 mg·kg−1·day−1) for 14, 21, and 28 days. Body masses, fasting blood glucose, IR, lipid profiles, and liver and kidney functions of rats were assayed. Hepatic glucose metabolism and PPAR-γ protein expression levels as well as hepatic, pancreatic, muscular, and renal histopathology were evaluated. Significant time-dependent euglycemic and insulin-sensitizing eff...

Modulation of the IL-23/IL-17 axis by fenofibrate ameliorates the ovalbumin/lipopolysaccharide-induced airway inflammation and bronchial asthma in rats

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, Mar 1, 2018

The overlapping between asthmatic subtypes, including both CD4+ T helper (TH)2 and TH17 cells, is... more The overlapping between asthmatic subtypes, including both CD4+ T helper (TH)2 and TH17 cells, is found in the natural course of allergic asthma, especially in exacerbations and severe and insensitive forms to steroids, which are in need of new molecular therapies. In the TH2-subset mediated asthma, fenofibrate displays therapeutic promises, besides evidenced therapeutic effects on TH17-mediated colitis and myocarditis. Therefore, the effects of fenofibrate versus dexamethasone on IL-23/IL-17 axis in ovalbumin (OVA)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced airway inflammation and bronchial asthma in rats were explored. The OVA/LPS sensitization and challenge were performed for 28 days in male Wistar rats. After sensitization, fenofibrate (100 mg/kg/day) or dexamethasone (2.5 mg/kg/day) was orally administered from the day 15 to 28. Either fenofibrate or dexamethasone attenuated the severity of OVA/LPS-induced airway inflammation and bronchial asthma through significant ameliorations in the ...

Curcumin attenuates erythropoiesis in recombinant human erythropoietin-induced polycythemia in rats

National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Background: Several studies documented the non-hematologic clinical therapeutic uses of recombina... more Background: Several studies documented the non-hematologic clinical therapeutic uses of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO). On the other hand, hypertension, thromboembolism, and increased oxidative stress were toxic effects related to the increased hematocrit (Hct) with recombinant human EPO treatment. Accordingly, alternate strategies to reduce erythropoietic activity and other potential side effects of EPO will greatly improve its non-hematopoietic clinical applicability. Aims and Objectives: Our objective was to demonstrate whether curcumin treatment could attenuate the effect of recombinant human EPO on erythropoiesis in EPO-induced polycythemia, and if so, whether this effect is mediated by changing concentrations of iron and its key regulator hormone hepcidin in rats. Materials and Methods: Totally 24 male albino Sprague-Dawley rats were included in this study. Rats were equally divided into four groups: Control group, curcumin-treated group, EPO-induced polycythemia group, and curcumin + EPO-induced polycythemia group. Blood indices and serum concentrations of iron, ferritin, and hepcidin were measured. Results: EPO treatment caused significant increase in hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells, and Hct versus other study groups (P < 0.05). Curcumin treatment significantly decreased Hct in curcumin-treated group versus control and EPO-induced polycythemia groups (P = 0.021 and 0.008, respectively). Serum iron concentrations were significantly decreased in curcumin + EPO-induced polycythemia group versus control group. Serum ferritin concentrations were significantly decreased in all treated groups versus the control group. Serum hepcidin concentrations were significantly decreased in EPO-induced polycythemia group and curcumin + EPO-induced polycythemia group versus control group. Conclusion: The presented data suggest a potentially attenuating effect of curcumin administration on recombinant human EPO-induced polycythemia. This effect may be mediated by promoting iron deficiency. However, further studies are required to address the safety of this combination treatment and interspecies differences in iron metabolism between rats and human in addition to have better understanding of the role of the hepcidin.

Introduction: Globally, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, predisposing fema... more Introduction: Globally, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, predisposing females to health hazards including compromised reproductive capacity. Our objective was to investigate the effect of ad libitum, isocalorically and hypocalorically restricted high-fat diet (HFD) feeding on reproductive function in diet-induced obese female rats. Material and methods: Twenty female albino Sprague Dawley rats were used; 5 rats were kept on a standard pellet animal diet to serve as a control group (A) and 15 rats were fed a HFD for 9 weeks to induce obesity. The HFD fed animals were equally divided into three groups: an ad libitum HFD group (B), an isocalorically restricted HFD group (C), and a hypocalorically restricted HFD group (D). Estrous cyclicity, hormonal levels, ovarian histopathology and caspase-3 immunoreactivity were evaluated. Results: The HFD-fed rats in groups B, C and D had significant irregularity in estrous cyclicity Vs group A (p = 0.001, 0.003 and 0.034 respectively). Groups C and D had significant reduction in serum progesterone level (p = 0.006 and 0.018 Vs A). Isocaloric restriction of HFD feeding significantly increased serum LH. Groups B and C had a significant increase in caspase-3 expression in the ovary (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Ad libitum HFD interfered with the normal estrous cycle and enhanced apoptosis of luteal cells in obese female rats. The HFD restriction interfered with the normal estrous cycle and caused functional insufficiency of the corpus luteum in obese female rats. These results suggest that HFD feeding determinately affects female reproductive function independently of caloric intake.

Prepubertal Induction of Obesity Impaired Reproductive Function in Male Rat at Maturity

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology Advances, 2015

The effect of obesity on reproductive function in obese men is much less investigated than in wom... more The effect of obesity on reproductive function in obese men is much less investigated than in women. In addition, the mechanism of male reproductive outcomes in obesity is unknown. So this study was designed to investigate the effect of prepubertal induction of obesity on the reproductive function in male rats at maturity and to address whether inflammation and testicular oxidative stress are involved at the mechanistical level. Fourteen male albino rats, 4 weeks old were included and divided into control group (n=6) and high fat diet group (n=8). The animal characteristics were assessed, serum biochemical parameters, FSH, LH, testosterone, estradiol, TNFα, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured, sperm count and motility were measured, testicular oxidative stress markers were assayed and histopathological evaluation of spermatogenesis was done. HFD feeding induced significant increase in body weight, BMI, Lee index, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, TNFα and testicular malondialdehyde. HFD feeding induced significant decrease in relative testicular weight, IL-10, sperm count and progressive movement and testicular glutathione peroxidase. HFD group revealed defective spermatogenesis. Prepubertal induction of obesity impaired the reproductive function in mature male rats. Testicular oxidative stress and inflammation may be playing an important role in this effect.

Suez Canal University Medical Journal

Background: Diabetic Nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease and the most frequ... more Background: Diabetic Nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease and the most frequent cause of mortality in patients with diabetes. Therefore, it is extremely important to identify novel interventions to halt the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Aim: This study investigated the effect of human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) derived (CD34 +) stem cells therapy on renal morphologic and functional changes and alterations of kidney enzyme levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Materials and Methods: Sixty adult male albino rats were included in this study and were randomly and equally divided into three groups. Group 'A' was the control, group 'B' was treated with STZ (65 mg/kg, IP) only and group 'C' was treated with STZ and HUCB CD34 + stem cells (1 x 10 6 cells/ rat, IV). Results: Intravenous injection of CD34 + cells caused significant improvement in blood glucose level (438.3±67 mg/dl of group B vs. 141.8±23.4 mg/dl of group C, p < 0.01). Serum urea and creatinine levels were significantly lower of group C than group B. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes in the kidney tissues were significantly lower of group C than group B. Histopathology of the kidney showed much better recovery of group C than group B. Conclusion: HUCB CD34 + cells transplantation in diabetic rats is able to improve blood glucose level, partially ameliorate the renal damage in diabetic rats and consequently improve renal function, renal histology and renal enzyme levels alteration.