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Papers by mostafa chorom

Arabian Journal of Geosciences, Oct 30, 2023

Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy, 2018

The change in composition of clay minerals is possible in uncultivated lands that sugarcane is cu... more The change in composition of clay minerals is possible in uncultivated lands that sugarcane is cultivated for many years. For this study, mineralogical properties of soil samples from described profiles in four farms with more than 15 years cultivation were determined and compared with nearby uncultivated lands and farms under rotation cultivation. The results showed that expandable minerals were abundant in the Ap horizon of the cultivated soils, unlike in the uncultivated soils, while only small amounts were found in C horizons of cultivated soils. Also, the surface horizons of the uncultivated soils contain more palygorskite than the surface of cultivated soil, but this subject is not seen in depth of profils. These changes are more observable in soils under sugarcane cultivation in comparison with soils under rotation cultivation because of the differences in irrigation, biomass production and food requirments and therefore intensive cropping and strong irrigation over a long time could result to the changes in soil minerals and other factors such as soil nutrient requirements.

Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Oct 11, 2016

Desorption of Zinc from soil is one of the important factors that control Zn bioavailability. To ... more Desorption of Zinc from soil is one of the important factors that control Zn bioavailability. To investigate the effects of salinity and organic matter on the kinetic release of Zn in a calcareous soil under maize cultivation, an experiment was carried out in greenhouse condition as a 3×4 factorial arranged as completely random design with 3 replications. Factors included three salinity levels (0, 15 and 30 Meq kg-1 salt supplied as NaCl, CaCl 2 and MgCl 2 with 3:2:1 proportion, respectively) and four organic matter treatments [without organic matter, cow manure (2 % w/w), wheat straw (2 % w/w) and cow manure + wheat straw (1:1 ratio)]. Soil samples were extracted using DTPA extractant for periods of 0.5, 1, 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours. The organic matter treatments increased the magnitude of released Zn compared to control (without organic matter). The most and the least increase observed in CW (2.3 folds) and WS (19.7 %) treatments respectively. Zinc release rate increased compared to control and the highest increase observed in CM+WS (2.7 folds) treatment. Zinc release rate was decreased and the magnitude of released Zn was increased by increasing of salinity levels. Simple Elovich equation was determined as the best kinetic model for describing released Zn. The possible mechanism that controls the Zn release from calcareous soil could be through diffusion.

International Journal of Plant and Soil Science, Jan 10, 2015

Aims: The effects of chromium (0, 100 and 200 ppm) and cadmium (0, 50 and 100ppm) on shoot dry we... more Aims: The effects of chromium (0, 100 and 200 ppm) and cadmium (0, 50 and 100ppm) on shoot dry weight, content of chlorophyll, soluble protein content and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were investigated. Study design: The experimental design was completely randomized with 3 replications. Place and Duration of Study: the experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of the University of Shahid Chamran in Ahwaz (Iran), between November 2014 and April 2015. Methodology: The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse, using soil columns of 20 cm in diameter and 45 cm in depth. The experimental variables were the level of soil contamination with Chromium (0, 100, 200 mg/kg) use K 2 Cr 2 O 7 , Cadmium (0, 25, 50 mg/kg) use Cdcl 2 and the type of organic substance (compost and humic acid). Each treatment consisted of: [a] control (without heavy metals(T 0) and organic substance); [b] humic acid + T 1 (25 mg/kg Cd and 100 mg/kg Cr); [c] compost + T 1 (25 mg/kg Cd and 100 mg/kg Cr); [d] humic acid + T (50 mg/kg Cd and 200 mg/kg Cr); [e] compost + T 2 (50 mg/kg Cd and 200 mg/kg Cr). The upper 10 cm of soil was mixed with 40 gr/kg soil compost. The humic acid was a commercial sample from Fluka (product number 35069288) and is used after pretreatment as described by van den Hoop et al. (1999). In short to obtain the soluble fraction of the humic acid, 2.5 g of a Fluka sample were dissolved in 1/1 of water. Seeds of Zea maize (single grass 704) were prepared from Seed Research Centre of Karaj, Iran. The seeds were planted in plastic columns. Each column was filled with 14 kg of soil. Prior to filling, soil was mixed with macronutrients (NPK) and heavy metals.

Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology, 2012

In this study, the capacities of the bacterial biomass in binding simultaneously two metals, Cd a... more In this study, the capacities of the bacterial biomass in binding simultaneously two metals, Cd and Ni, isolated from soils subject to long-term sewage-sludge applications in Ahvaz, were investigated. Three strains of bacteria were isolated based on their resistance to these metals; namely, Actinomycete sp., Streptomyces sp. and Bacillus sp. The inactivated forms of these bacterial cells were investigated. Actinomycete sp. was the most tolerant isolate to Cd and Ni ions. Freundlich isotherms indicated that the sorption capacities on the biomass surfaces increased with increasing initial metals concentration of both metals. Generally, the biosorption of Ni was slightly higher than that of Cd. These results suggest that native bacteria in polluted area are competent candidates for bioremediation and improving soil quality for agricultural purposes.

Journal of Water and Wastewater; Ab va Fazilab ( in persian ), Jan 20, 2017

International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences (IJACS), 2012

ABSTRACT High levels of heavy metals in soil can be phytotoxic. Poor plant growth and soil cover ... more ABSTRACT High levels of heavy metals in soil can be phytotoxic. Poor plant growth and soil cover caused by metal toxicity can lead to metal mobilization in runoff water and subsequent deposition into nearby bodies of water. In such conditions goal of remediation is to reclaim the site by establishing a vegetative cover to minimize soil erosion and pollution spread. Some of plants extract large concentrations of heavy metals into their roots, translocation the heavy metals to surface biomass. The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal of heavy metals viz; Cd, Cu, Pb, and Mn by root and shoot of different plants in monoculture and diculture. Alfalfa, sunflower and maize were sowed with or without date palm for the natural heavy metals hyper accumulation. Total concentrations of heavy metals in the soils, root and shoot were determined. The results showed copper and manganese in root and shoot did not change statistically differences. Sunflower had more transport pb from root to shoot than alfalfa and maize. Alfalfa with or without date palm had potential to accumulate Cd. All the treatments showed very high BCF values for Cu and Mn which was indicating these treatments retains metals in their roots and limit metal mobility from roots to shoots.

Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding, Dec 1, 2018

Salinity stress has been known as an important constraint limiting agricultural production especi... more Salinity stress has been known as an important constraint limiting agricultural production especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Among several strategies to improve crop growth under salt stress, using of salinity tolerant Trichoderma isolates and silicon application could be an effective and easily adaptive strategy. In order to evaluate silicon and Trichoderma virens inoculation effects on some physiological and morphological properties of wheat grown under saline condition, a greenhouse experiment arranged as factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications was carried out. The factors included three levels of salinity (E1:3, E2:7 and E3: 10 dS m −1) from NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 sources (3:2:1 ratio, respectively), two levels of Si, 0 (S1) and 1.5 mM (S2), from the source of Na2SiO3 and two levels of Trichoderma virens (with and without inoculation). It was shown that salt stress caused very significant reduction in plant height, chlorophyll content, grain yield and other measured properties. Salinity stress increased proline and soluble sugar concentration, Na/K and Na/Ca ratios in leaves. Application of Si to the growth medium significantly increased chlorophyll content, grain yield of wheat grown under normal as well as under saline environments, but those influences were lower than the fungus effect. These results seem to show that silicon may alleviate salt stress in wheat due to decreased Na/K and Na/Ca ratios and proline concentration in leaves. Tirchoderma inoculation significantly increased chlorophyll content and grain yield of wheat under salt stress. Trichoderma virens deteriorate salt stress by significantly decreasing Na/K and Na/Ca ratios and proline concentration and increasing soluble sugar in the leaves.

Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Oct 13, 2020

The purpose of this study is to improve relative phosphorus (P) distribution in various proportio... more The purpose of this study is to improve relative phosphorus (P) distribution in various proportions by greater solubility in the rhizosphere of plants influenced by phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), P availability, and fertilizer management. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted with three phosphorus concentrations including 0 (P 0), 20.5 (P 50), and 41 (P 100) mg P kg −1 and two PSB strains as well as Enterobacter cloacae R13 (R 13) and E. cloacae R33 (R 33) as factors which were evaluated at three harvesting times: 60, 95, and 140 days after planting (DAP) sowing. In the non-fertilized condition, treatments inoculated by R 13 and R 33 had higher P uptake in comparison with the non-inoculated treatment. Compared with the bulk soil, the chemical composition of the soil solution sample was affected by the dynamic properties of rhizosphere. In the inoculation-treated rhizosphere, the soluble P concentration was higher than that in the non-inoculated treatment. However, P uptake was greater in the inoculated treatments. Also, higher P free ions (H 2 PO 4 − and HPO 4 2−) activity and lower calcium (Ca 2+) and magnesium (Mg 2+) activity were observed in soil solution inoculated rhizosphere as compared with the non-inoculated treatment. At all harvesting times, octacalcium and β-tricalcium phosphate minerals controlled P concentration in the rhizosphere. The pedogenic CaP or low soluble P (Ca 8-P) was higher by up to 72.97% compared with other fractions, which can be ascribed to octacalcium and β-tricalcium phosphate minerals. In the current study, we conclude that the reduction of pH is not a major mechanism in dissolving insoluble P by E. cloacae although phosphate solubility may be attributed to the chelation process. In comparison, rhizosphere characteristics were more effective than PSB in converting the type of P-containing minerals. The results suggest that Ca 8-P fraction is equivalent to octacalcium phosphate and β-tricalcium phosphate minerals in the rhizosphere of sugarcane.

Pedologist, 2010

Page 1. M. Chorom and SS Hosseini / Pedologist (2011) 294-301 294 Introduction Iran is one of the... more Page 1. M. Chorom and SS Hosseini / Pedologist (2011) 294-301 294 Introduction Iran is one of the largest petroleum producers in the world and possesses about 9% of global petroleum reserves. Current petroleum production ...

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, May 30, 2016

ABSTRACT Leaching of nutrients in soil can change the surface and groundwater quality. The presen... more ABSTRACT Leaching of nutrients in soil can change the surface and groundwater quality. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of raw and ammonium (NH4+)-enriched zeolite on nitrogen leaching and wheat yields in sandy loam and clay loam soils. The treatments were one level of nitrogen; Z0: (100 kg (N) ha−1) as urea, two levels of raw zeolite; Z1:(0.5 g kg−1 + 100 kg ha−1) and Z2: (1 g kg−1 + 100 kg ha−1), and two levels of NH4+-enriched zeolite; Z3: (0.5 g kg−1 + 80 kg ha−1) and Z4: (1 g kg−1 + 60 kg ha−1). Wheat grains were sown in pots and, after each irrigation event, the leachates were collected and their nitrate (NO3−) and NH4+ contents were determined. The grain yield and the total N in plants were measured after four months of wheat growth. The results indicated that the amounts of NH4+ and NO3− leached from the sandy loam soil were more than those from the clay loam soil in all irrigation events. The maximum and minimum concentrations of nitrogen in the drainage water for both soils were observed at control and NH4+-zeolite treatments, respectively. Total N in the plants grown in the sandy loam was higher compared to plants grown in clay loam soil. Also, nitrogen uptake by plants in control and NH4+-zeolite was higher than that of raw-zeolite treatments. The decrease in the amount of N leaching in the presence of NH4+-zeolite caused more N availability for plants and increased the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers and the plants yield.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Aug 1, 2020

Crude oil contamination in soils may result in destructive effects on soil microorganisms and pla... more Crude oil contamination in soils may result in destructive effects on soil microorganisms and plants and act as a source of groundwater contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activities for a better understanding of ecological risks. A couple of biological assays, including soil microbial biomass of carbon (SMBC) and urease activity (UA), were used to evaluate the microbial activities in soils. The chemical analysis demonstrated different values of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) concentrations (from 0.12 to 2.99 mg/kg of dry soil) and relatively high quantities of Nickel (from 32 to 136.8 mg/kg of dry soil) and cadmium (from 0 to 4 mg/kg of dry soil) in samples. UA and SMBC values were comparatively lower in close distances to oil wells, pipelines, and especially drilling sediments pool. The spatial variability maps using the interpolation module by GIS specified the line from northwest to the southeast of the area as a more affected area by TPHs and Ni + Cd.

Soil Research, 2019

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient in sustainable production of sugarcane. Due to low labile... more Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient in sustainable production of sugarcane. Due to low labile P in soil under sugarcane cultivation, evaluation of the efficiency of P uptake and the application of phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) play important roles in management of P fertiliser. To investigate the effect of using PSB on P uptake in sugarcane (variety CP57-614), a pot experiment was conducted with three replications in greenhouse conditions. The treatments were a combination of three P rates (0 (P 0), 50 and 100% (~40 mg kg À1) as triple superphosphate, and two PSB strains (Enterobacter cloacae R13 (R 13) and R33 (R 33)) which were applied independently and simultaneously. Morphological characteristics of sugarcane and some biochemical parameters were evaluated in the rhizosphere at three harvesting times: 60, 95 and 140 days after planting (DAP). Whereas in low available P (P 0), bacterial strain R 33 improved P uptake along with sugarcane ageing, P uptake was diminished in non-inoculated treatment over time. Activity of PSBs in the rhizosphere (especially strain R 33) prevented the sharp fall of P influx after 95 DAP in low available P condition. Indeed, activity of R 33 in the rhizosphere decreased the dependence of P uptake on root development via improving P uptake. Therefore, influx was the main mechanism of P uptake in sugarcane. Sugarcane inoculated by PSBs acquired 76 and 81% of total P uptake from non-Olsen-P fraction in P 0 R 13 and P 0 R 33 respectively at 95 DAP. However, this amount was lower (70.4%) in P 0 R 0. Furthermore, strain R 33 improved P uptake efficiency in sugarcane by changing root morphology (e.g. specific root length and root length) and reducing soil limitations (e.g. enhancement of P compound solubility and P influx).

Soil Research, 1997

A greenhouse experiment evaluated the chemical and physical changes of a Natrixeralf (with alkali... more A greenhouse experiment evaluated the chemical and physical changes of a Natrixeralf (with alkaline pH 9·4 and 5% CaCO3), as influenced by the changes in carbonate chemistry, pH, and particle charge following the application of gypsum, green manure, and glucose. Gypsum reduced the pH from 9·38 to 7·89, increased Ca2+ in soil solution, and decreased the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR1:5) from 11·6 to 1·2. Green manure, due to increased CO2 production, reduced the pH to 8·68 and SAR1:5 to 7·52. Green manure plus gypsum reduced pH to 7·67 and SAR1:5 to 0·91. The interactive effect of gypsum and green manure on all soil properties was highly significant as shown by ANOVA analysis. Reduction of soil pH was also reflected in the levels of carbonates in the soil solution. Addition of glucose increased the microbial activity and produced fatty acids. The drastic reduction in pH (<6·0) was related to the amount of glucose added. The concentrations of Ca 2+ and carbonates, and SAR1:5 values, were inversely related to the soil pH after glucose addition. The data on soluble Na2CO3 and NaHCO3, zeta potential, mechanical dispersion, aggregate stability, and saturated hydraulic conductivity confirm the effects of pH reduction and carbonate solubility as influenced by the amendments in alkaline sodic soil.

Clays and Clay Minerals, 1996

The effect of heat treatments on the swelling, dispersion, particle charge and particle aggregati... more The effect of heat treatments on the swelling, dispersion, particle charge and particle aggregation of Li-, Na-, K-, Mg-, Ca-and Al-Wyoming bentonite was investigated. Before thermal treatment, unheated (25 ~ Li-, Na-and K-clays showed increased d001 spacing on glycerol solvation and dispersed spontaneously in water. Mg-, Ca-and Al-clays did not disperse spontaneously in water, but the d0o~ spacing increased upon glycerol solvation. After heating at 300 ~ or above, none of these clays dispersed spontaneously. However, swelling varied with the type of cation and the temperature of heating. The results generally suggested that swelling and dispersion of homoionic Wyoming bentonite after heating at various temperatures depended upon the nature of bonding between clay particles and the cations. Enhanced swelling and dispersion of clays indicated the more ionic character of the cationic bonding than cases where heating resulted only in swelling, with polar covalent bonding of cations to clay surfaces allowing limited hydration. It is also suggested that, when both swelling and dispersion as a result of thermal treatment are absent, a covalent bond is formed between cation and clay surface. Thermal treatment apparently affects the bonding in different ways. It appears that the smaller cations (ionic radius <0.7 A) Li, Mg and A1 migrate to octahedral vacant sites and form covalent bonds after heating at 400 ~ this drastically reduces the negative charge. This process for Li-clays occurred even at 200 ~ The larger cations (ionic radius > 0.9 A) Na, K and Ca apparently did not migrate into the lattice sites after heating to 400 ~ a high proportion of them were exchangeable. The data for exchangeable cation, particle charge and clay particle size were consistent with the postulated effect of the nature of cationic bonding upon swelling and dispersion properties.

Sugar Tech, Mar 26, 2016

To use sugarcane bagasse to improve the organic matter content of soils in arid and semiarid regi... more To use sugarcane bagasse to improve the organic matter content of soils in arid and semiarid regions of Iran, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of alkaline pretreatment on chemical composition of sugarcane bagasse with different size of pieces and rate of its degradation in soil. Three different concentrations (0.5, 1 and 3 % w/v) of NaOH and KOH were used. The removal of lignin and hemicellulose in both alkaline pretreatments was affected by size of pieces of bagasse. The larger pieces of bagasse removed less lignin and hemicellulose. The pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse by different concentration of NaOH and KOH resulted in a depletion of lignin and hemicellulose and an increase in cellulose content. Also, increasing alkaline concentration increased the removal of hemicellulose and lignin in pretreated bagasse. Addition of pretreated bagasse in soil resulted in an increase of 1.37–2.23 times of soil respiration, as compared to non-pretreatment bagasse. Furthermore, removal of hemicellulose and lignin in pretreated bagasse, as barriers of decomposition, by NaOH and KOH provides favorable conditions for degradation of sugarcane bagasse in soil.