muhammad azrin - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by muhammad azrin
The application of automata theory on the DNA splicing system is rapidly growing from time to tim... more The application of automata theory on the DNA splicing system is rapidly growing from time to time. The idea of a splicing system is formalized by Tom Head in 1987. There are three essential parts in the splicing system models, which are the alphabets, initial strings, and the rules. The alphabets represent the nucleotides or the DNA, known as Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine, which are later abbreviated as a, t, g, c following Watson-Cricks complementary. On the other hand, the set of rules represents the restriction enzyme used for the splicing process. In this research, automata theory is used to transform the limit language into a transition graph. The n-th order limit language is then derived from grammar shown as an automated diagram and shown by transition graphs, which represent the language of transitional labels of DNA molecules derived from the respective splicing system
PSM ditubuhkan pada 6 Julai 2019 dengan misi untuk menyediakan pendidikan berkualiti tinggi, peny... more PSM ditubuhkan pada 6 Julai 2019 dengan misi untuk menyediakan pendidikan berkualiti tinggi, penyelidikan dan perkhidmatan pelbagai disiplin dalam pengetahuan asas dan lanjutan dalam sains matematik untuk memaksimumkan potensi manusia untuk kebaikan masyarakat
Umum sedia maklum dengan kepesatan teknologi pada masa kini. Arus teknologi yang pesat membangun ... more Umum sedia maklum dengan kepesatan teknologi pada masa kini. Arus teknologi yang pesat membangun mencipta 1001 peluang kepada semua pihak yang bijak mencari ruang. Jika dilihat secara sepintas lalu, siapa sangka pembelian barangan yang dahulunya dilakukan secara fizikal, kini, hanya boleh dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi mudah alih pada peranti pintar. Sektor pendidikan turut tidak terkecuali. Ayuh kita singkap ciri-ciri pembelajaran yang dipraktikkan sebelum tercetusnya ledakan internet dan teknologi. Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran (P&P) dahulu berteraskan kaedah fizikal yang melibatkan penglibatan dua hala dalam bilik darjah di antara guru dan pelajar. Ketika awal tahun 2000, penggunaan teknologi sering diamalkan dalam penyediaan laporan dan tugasan kumpulan. Laporan ditulis menggunakan Microsoft Word dan dicetak sebelum dihantar kepada guru untuk disemak. Masuk ke tahun 2020, penggunaan teknologi yang semakin meluas menggasak pendidik untuk lebih memperkasakan penggunaan teknol...
 Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengkaji kaitan antara media sosial dan perhubungan sesama ma... more  Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengkaji kaitan antara media sosial dan perhubungan sesama manusia menurut islam. Dalam era permodenan hari ini, secara langsung atau tidak langsung, setiap individu pasti terlibat dalam penggunaan media sosial. Secara tidak sedar, penggunaan media sosial pun memberikan banyak impak yang positif kepada masyarakat moden harini. Namun dalam kemeriahan meraikan teknologi di hujung jari ini, masyarakat sering lupa akan impak negatifnya. Perhubungan sesama manusia hari ini sangat berkait rapat dengan penggunaan media sosial. Media sosial menjadi perkara yang penting oleh setiap individu. Masyarakat kita pada hari ini menjadikan media sosial sebagai suatu status perhubungan sesama masyarakat. Oleh itu, pengkajian atau penyelidikan berkaitan perhubungan antara suami dan isteri, ibu bapa dan anak, dan juga perhubungan sesame manusia patut dilakukan bagi mengenal pasti punca masalah atau pengaruh media sosial dalam kalangan masyarat demi mencapai suatu kea...
The study of recombinant behavior of double-stranded DNA molecules with the presence of selected ... more The study of recombinant behavior of double-stranded DNA molecules with the presence of selected restriction enzyme and ligase leads to the development of mathematical modelling of splicing system. Therefore, molecular biologists start focusing more on splicing systems. The splicing language that is generated from the splicing system is categorized into inert/adult, transient and limit languages. Recently, the study of the limit language has been extended to the second order limit language. Previous researchers have focused their study on the three categories of splicing language. A normal splicing system with no restriction on the number of cutting site and the properties of the rule result to non-existence of the second order limit language. In this paper, the existence of a second order limit language in a type of splicing system, namely the Y-G splicing system is investigated in which there are two cutting sites in the set of rules.
Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018
The study on the recombinant behavior of double-stranded DNA molecules has led to the mathematica... more The study on the recombinant behavior of double-stranded DNA molecules has led to the mathematical modelling of DNA splicing system. The interdisciplinary study is founded from the knowledge of informational macromolecules and formal language theory. A splicing language is resulted from a splicing system. Recently, second order limit language, a type of the splicing language, has been extensively explored. Before this, several types of splicing languages have been experimentally proven. Therefore, in this paper, a laboratory experiment was conducted to validate the existence of a second order limit language. To accomplish it, an initial strand of double-stranded DNA, amplified from bacteriophage lambda, was generated through polymerase chain reaction to generate thousands of copies of double-stranded DNA molecules. A restriction enzyme and ligase were added to the solution to complete the reaction. The reaction mixture was then subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to sepa...
The emerging trend of modern industry automation requires intelligence to be embedded into mobile... more The emerging trend of modern industry automation requires intelligence to be embedded into mobile robot for ensuring optimal or near-optimal solutions to execute certain task. This yield to a lot of improvement and suggestions in many areas related to mobile robot such as path planning. The purpose of this paper is to review the mobile robots path planning problem, optimization criteria and various methodologies reported in the literature for global and local mobile robot path planning. The classical approaches such as cell decomposition, roadmap approach, artificial potential field (AFP), and heuristics approaches such as genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach and ant colony optimization (ACO) method are considered in this study. It is observed that heuristics approaches are more popular and widely used compared to classical approaches due to its robustness and perform well in various environmental condition. Finally, few suggestions for future research work ...
User satisfaction is generally being recognized as one of the most important steps to ensure the ... more User satisfaction is generally being recognized as one of the most important steps to ensure the success of an information system. Follow development of the IS component, there is a significant changes occur in information technology, especially with the high intensity growth of the Internet. One of the benefits is the ability to use information systems to share information. Information can be shared not only by all users in the university. but information can also be shared with parties outside the university. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of IS success factors towards the user satisfaction in Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM). Moreover, the study will discuss the relationship between the dependent variable (user satisfaction) and the independent variable (system quality, information quality, service quality and system use). For this study, survey strategy had been taken as that research strategy because it will be perfect match for this re...
Sebuah program yang menyediakan peluang pembelajaran sains, teknologi dan matematik melalui pende... more Sebuah program yang menyediakan peluang pembelajaran sains, teknologi dan matematik melalui pendedahan kepada teknologi, inovasi berasaskan projek dan penggunaan peralatan terkini kepada pelajar-pelajar sekolah menengah adalah dicadangkan di dalam kertas kerja ini. Program yang dicadangkan ini juga bakal mengikis stigma negatif terhadap kursus-kursus sains, teknologi dan matematik, malahan mampu membuktikan sains, teknologi dan matematik adalah menyeronokkan.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 27TH NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES (SKSM27), 2020
Mathematical modelling of splicing system has been introduced to initiate a linkage between the s... more Mathematical modelling of splicing system has been introduced to initiate a linkage between the study of informational macromolecules that includes DNA and formal language theory. The ability to present the nitrogenous base which is a component in a nucleotide of DNA, as a series of alphabet, ignites this interdisciplinary study. Over the years, researchers have developed models to match their need. In addition, product of splicing system is called splicing language. Through some development, second order limit language is derived from other type of languages known as limit language. Its existence and characteristics have been vastly discussed. Beside, some types of splicing system can produce second order limit language. In this research, the characteristics of varieties of splicing system are studied and their relations with second order limit language are established.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019
A supercomputer can have thousands of processor-memory pairs which often referred as processing p... more A supercomputer can have thousands of processor-memory pairs which often referred as processing pins. Each of these pins is connected to each other through networks and passes message using a standard message passing mechanism such as Message Passing Interface. In this research, we consider the routing problem in rectangular mesh network. Each terminal pin in the network needs to be connected with its destination pin for it to function properly. Thus, maximizing the number of connection for each pair of pins and keeping the total energy throughout the network minimum becomes our main objective. In order to achieve this objective, each net need to be routed as shortest as possible. Therefore, developing a shortest path based routing algorithm is in need. In this research, Dijkstra’s algorithm is used to establish the shortest connection for each net. While this method guarantees to provide the shortest connection for each single net (if exists), however each routed net will become th...
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019
The study of formal language theory rapidly evolves after Tom Head introduce his research on form... more The study of formal language theory rapidly evolves after Tom Head introduce his research on formal language theory in 1987. Splicing system involves the process of cutting and pasting on DNA molecules with the presence of restriction enzymes and ligase, respectively. A mathematical model of the splicing system has been developed by using the concept of formal language theory, which is a branch of theoretical computer science and applied discrete mathematics, and also informational macromolecules. Over the year, theoretical results in splicing systems have contributed to new research in formal language theory focused on modelling of biochemical processes. In this paper, the relation between formal language theory and some related molecular biological terms are explored. In addition, new ideas in the framework of biomolecular science, for example, the design of automated enzymatic processes are then discussed. Then, a mutual relation that exist in these field is then explained. The r...
The cut and paste phenomenon on DNA molecules with the presence of restriction enzyme and appropr... more The cut and paste phenomenon on DNA molecules with the presence of restriction enzyme and appropriate ligase has led to the formalism of mathematical modelling of splicing system. A type of splicing system named Yusof-Goode splicing system is used to present the transparent behaviour of the DNA splicing process. The limit language that is defined as the leftover molecules after the system reaches its equilibrium point has been extended to a second order limit language. The non-existence of the second order limit language biologically has lead to this study by using mathematical approach. In this paper, the factors that restrict the formation of the second order limit language are discussed and are presented as lemmas and theorem using Y-G approach. In addition, the discussion focuses on Yusof-Goode splicing system with at most two initial strings and two rules with one cutting site and palindromic crossing site and recognition sites.
The concepts of splicing system involve the study of cut and paste phenomenon of deoxyribonucleic... more The concepts of splicing system involve the study of cut and paste phenomenon of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The splicing language, which is resulted from a splicing system, can be classified as inert persistent language, active persistent language and limit language. As one of the types of splicing language, limit language can biologically be referred as the remaining molecule after the process has attained its equilibrium state. In this paper, the existence of second order limit language is explored strictly using at most two initial strings and two rules. In addition, the actual biological examples are presented. By using the Y-G splicing system, the results obtained are then used to prove the existence of second order limit language in few classes of Y-G splicing system.
Jurnal Teknologi, 2014
Splicing system, which is an abstraction of operations on DNA molecules, can be modelled mathemat... more Splicing system, which is an abstraction of operations on DNA molecules, can be modelled mathematically under the framework of formal language theory and informational macromolecules. The recombinant behavior of the set of double-stranded DNA molecules under the influence of restriction enzyme and ligase further lead to the cut and paste phenomenon in splicing system. The theoretical study of splicing language has contributed to a new type of splicing language known as a second order limit language, which is an extension of limit language. Some types of splicing system can produce second order limit language. Y-G splicing system is chosen among other models to model the DNA splicing process as this model preserves the biological traits and presents the transparent behavior of the DNA splicing process. In this paper, the relation between second order limit language with simple splicing and semi-simple splicing system are presented.
Jurnal Teknologi, 2014
DNA splicing process is a study on the recombinant behavior of double-stranded DNA molecules with... more DNA splicing process is a study on the recombinant behavior of double-stranded DNA molecules with the existence of restriction enzyme and ligase. Head introduced the first mathematical model of splicing systems by using the relation of informational macromolecules and formal language theory. In addition, a few laboratory experiments have been conducted in order to verify certain types of splicing language called inert/adult, transient and limit language. Previously, researchers have focused on those types of splicing languages. Recently, an extension of limit languages namely second order limit language has been introduced. In this paper, the difference between second order limit languages and non-second order limit languages is depicted in some examples. Then, the formations of second order limit language in Yusof-Goode splicing system are investigated.
The cutting and pasting processes that occur in DNA molecules have led to the formulation of spli... more The cutting and pasting processes that occur in DNA molecules have led to the formulation of splicing system. Since then, there are few models used to model the splicing system. The splicing language, which is the product of splicing system, can be categorized into two, namely the adult and limit language. In this research, limit language is extended to the second order limit language. Few problems are approached which lead to the formation of second order limit language which is then analyzed using various types of splicing system.
The application of automata theory on the DNA splicing system is rapidly growing from time to tim... more The application of automata theory on the DNA splicing system is rapidly growing from time to time. The idea of a splicing system is formalized by Tom Head in 1987. There are three essential parts in the splicing system models, which are the alphabets, initial strings, and the rules. The alphabets represent the nucleotides or the DNA, known as Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine, which are later abbreviated as a, t, g, c following Watson-Cricks complementary. On the other hand, the set of rules represents the restriction enzyme used for the splicing process. In this research, automata theory is used to transform the limit language into a transition graph. The n-th order limit language is then derived from grammar shown as an automated diagram and shown by transition graphs, which represent the language of transitional labels of DNA molecules derived from the respective splicing system
PSM ditubuhkan pada 6 Julai 2019 dengan misi untuk menyediakan pendidikan berkualiti tinggi, peny... more PSM ditubuhkan pada 6 Julai 2019 dengan misi untuk menyediakan pendidikan berkualiti tinggi, penyelidikan dan perkhidmatan pelbagai disiplin dalam pengetahuan asas dan lanjutan dalam sains matematik untuk memaksimumkan potensi manusia untuk kebaikan masyarakat
Umum sedia maklum dengan kepesatan teknologi pada masa kini. Arus teknologi yang pesat membangun ... more Umum sedia maklum dengan kepesatan teknologi pada masa kini. Arus teknologi yang pesat membangun mencipta 1001 peluang kepada semua pihak yang bijak mencari ruang. Jika dilihat secara sepintas lalu, siapa sangka pembelian barangan yang dahulunya dilakukan secara fizikal, kini, hanya boleh dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi mudah alih pada peranti pintar. Sektor pendidikan turut tidak terkecuali. Ayuh kita singkap ciri-ciri pembelajaran yang dipraktikkan sebelum tercetusnya ledakan internet dan teknologi. Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran (P&P) dahulu berteraskan kaedah fizikal yang melibatkan penglibatan dua hala dalam bilik darjah di antara guru dan pelajar. Ketika awal tahun 2000, penggunaan teknologi sering diamalkan dalam penyediaan laporan dan tugasan kumpulan. Laporan ditulis menggunakan Microsoft Word dan dicetak sebelum dihantar kepada guru untuk disemak. Masuk ke tahun 2020, penggunaan teknologi yang semakin meluas menggasak pendidik untuk lebih memperkasakan penggunaan teknol...
 Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengkaji kaitan antara media sosial dan perhubungan sesama ma... more  Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengkaji kaitan antara media sosial dan perhubungan sesama manusia menurut islam. Dalam era permodenan hari ini, secara langsung atau tidak langsung, setiap individu pasti terlibat dalam penggunaan media sosial. Secara tidak sedar, penggunaan media sosial pun memberikan banyak impak yang positif kepada masyarakat moden harini. Namun dalam kemeriahan meraikan teknologi di hujung jari ini, masyarakat sering lupa akan impak negatifnya. Perhubungan sesama manusia hari ini sangat berkait rapat dengan penggunaan media sosial. Media sosial menjadi perkara yang penting oleh setiap individu. Masyarakat kita pada hari ini menjadikan media sosial sebagai suatu status perhubungan sesama masyarakat. Oleh itu, pengkajian atau penyelidikan berkaitan perhubungan antara suami dan isteri, ibu bapa dan anak, dan juga perhubungan sesame manusia patut dilakukan bagi mengenal pasti punca masalah atau pengaruh media sosial dalam kalangan masyarat demi mencapai suatu kea...
The study of recombinant behavior of double-stranded DNA molecules with the presence of selected ... more The study of recombinant behavior of double-stranded DNA molecules with the presence of selected restriction enzyme and ligase leads to the development of mathematical modelling of splicing system. Therefore, molecular biologists start focusing more on splicing systems. The splicing language that is generated from the splicing system is categorized into inert/adult, transient and limit languages. Recently, the study of the limit language has been extended to the second order limit language. Previous researchers have focused their study on the three categories of splicing language. A normal splicing system with no restriction on the number of cutting site and the properties of the rule result to non-existence of the second order limit language. In this paper, the existence of a second order limit language in a type of splicing system, namely the Y-G splicing system is investigated in which there are two cutting sites in the set of rules.
Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018
The study on the recombinant behavior of double-stranded DNA molecules has led to the mathematica... more The study on the recombinant behavior of double-stranded DNA molecules has led to the mathematical modelling of DNA splicing system. The interdisciplinary study is founded from the knowledge of informational macromolecules and formal language theory. A splicing language is resulted from a splicing system. Recently, second order limit language, a type of the splicing language, has been extensively explored. Before this, several types of splicing languages have been experimentally proven. Therefore, in this paper, a laboratory experiment was conducted to validate the existence of a second order limit language. To accomplish it, an initial strand of double-stranded DNA, amplified from bacteriophage lambda, was generated through polymerase chain reaction to generate thousands of copies of double-stranded DNA molecules. A restriction enzyme and ligase were added to the solution to complete the reaction. The reaction mixture was then subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to sepa...
The emerging trend of modern industry automation requires intelligence to be embedded into mobile... more The emerging trend of modern industry automation requires intelligence to be embedded into mobile robot for ensuring optimal or near-optimal solutions to execute certain task. This yield to a lot of improvement and suggestions in many areas related to mobile robot such as path planning. The purpose of this paper is to review the mobile robots path planning problem, optimization criteria and various methodologies reported in the literature for global and local mobile robot path planning. The classical approaches such as cell decomposition, roadmap approach, artificial potential field (AFP), and heuristics approaches such as genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach and ant colony optimization (ACO) method are considered in this study. It is observed that heuristics approaches are more popular and widely used compared to classical approaches due to its robustness and perform well in various environmental condition. Finally, few suggestions for future research work ...
User satisfaction is generally being recognized as one of the most important steps to ensure the ... more User satisfaction is generally being recognized as one of the most important steps to ensure the success of an information system. Follow development of the IS component, there is a significant changes occur in information technology, especially with the high intensity growth of the Internet. One of the benefits is the ability to use information systems to share information. Information can be shared not only by all users in the university. but information can also be shared with parties outside the university. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of IS success factors towards the user satisfaction in Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM). Moreover, the study will discuss the relationship between the dependent variable (user satisfaction) and the independent variable (system quality, information quality, service quality and system use). For this study, survey strategy had been taken as that research strategy because it will be perfect match for this re...
Sebuah program yang menyediakan peluang pembelajaran sains, teknologi dan matematik melalui pende... more Sebuah program yang menyediakan peluang pembelajaran sains, teknologi dan matematik melalui pendedahan kepada teknologi, inovasi berasaskan projek dan penggunaan peralatan terkini kepada pelajar-pelajar sekolah menengah adalah dicadangkan di dalam kertas kerja ini. Program yang dicadangkan ini juga bakal mengikis stigma negatif terhadap kursus-kursus sains, teknologi dan matematik, malahan mampu membuktikan sains, teknologi dan matematik adalah menyeronokkan.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 27TH NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES (SKSM27), 2020
Mathematical modelling of splicing system has been introduced to initiate a linkage between the s... more Mathematical modelling of splicing system has been introduced to initiate a linkage between the study of informational macromolecules that includes DNA and formal language theory. The ability to present the nitrogenous base which is a component in a nucleotide of DNA, as a series of alphabet, ignites this interdisciplinary study. Over the years, researchers have developed models to match their need. In addition, product of splicing system is called splicing language. Through some development, second order limit language is derived from other type of languages known as limit language. Its existence and characteristics have been vastly discussed. Beside, some types of splicing system can produce second order limit language. In this research, the characteristics of varieties of splicing system are studied and their relations with second order limit language are established.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019
A supercomputer can have thousands of processor-memory pairs which often referred as processing p... more A supercomputer can have thousands of processor-memory pairs which often referred as processing pins. Each of these pins is connected to each other through networks and passes message using a standard message passing mechanism such as Message Passing Interface. In this research, we consider the routing problem in rectangular mesh network. Each terminal pin in the network needs to be connected with its destination pin for it to function properly. Thus, maximizing the number of connection for each pair of pins and keeping the total energy throughout the network minimum becomes our main objective. In order to achieve this objective, each net need to be routed as shortest as possible. Therefore, developing a shortest path based routing algorithm is in need. In this research, Dijkstra’s algorithm is used to establish the shortest connection for each net. While this method guarantees to provide the shortest connection for each single net (if exists), however each routed net will become th...
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019
The study of formal language theory rapidly evolves after Tom Head introduce his research on form... more The study of formal language theory rapidly evolves after Tom Head introduce his research on formal language theory in 1987. Splicing system involves the process of cutting and pasting on DNA molecules with the presence of restriction enzymes and ligase, respectively. A mathematical model of the splicing system has been developed by using the concept of formal language theory, which is a branch of theoretical computer science and applied discrete mathematics, and also informational macromolecules. Over the year, theoretical results in splicing systems have contributed to new research in formal language theory focused on modelling of biochemical processes. In this paper, the relation between formal language theory and some related molecular biological terms are explored. In addition, new ideas in the framework of biomolecular science, for example, the design of automated enzymatic processes are then discussed. Then, a mutual relation that exist in these field is then explained. The r...
The cut and paste phenomenon on DNA molecules with the presence of restriction enzyme and appropr... more The cut and paste phenomenon on DNA molecules with the presence of restriction enzyme and appropriate ligase has led to the formalism of mathematical modelling of splicing system. A type of splicing system named Yusof-Goode splicing system is used to present the transparent behaviour of the DNA splicing process. The limit language that is defined as the leftover molecules after the system reaches its equilibrium point has been extended to a second order limit language. The non-existence of the second order limit language biologically has lead to this study by using mathematical approach. In this paper, the factors that restrict the formation of the second order limit language are discussed and are presented as lemmas and theorem using Y-G approach. In addition, the discussion focuses on Yusof-Goode splicing system with at most two initial strings and two rules with one cutting site and palindromic crossing site and recognition sites.
The concepts of splicing system involve the study of cut and paste phenomenon of deoxyribonucleic... more The concepts of splicing system involve the study of cut and paste phenomenon of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The splicing language, which is resulted from a splicing system, can be classified as inert persistent language, active persistent language and limit language. As one of the types of splicing language, limit language can biologically be referred as the remaining molecule after the process has attained its equilibrium state. In this paper, the existence of second order limit language is explored strictly using at most two initial strings and two rules. In addition, the actual biological examples are presented. By using the Y-G splicing system, the results obtained are then used to prove the existence of second order limit language in few classes of Y-G splicing system.
Jurnal Teknologi, 2014
Splicing system, which is an abstraction of operations on DNA molecules, can be modelled mathemat... more Splicing system, which is an abstraction of operations on DNA molecules, can be modelled mathematically under the framework of formal language theory and informational macromolecules. The recombinant behavior of the set of double-stranded DNA molecules under the influence of restriction enzyme and ligase further lead to the cut and paste phenomenon in splicing system. The theoretical study of splicing language has contributed to a new type of splicing language known as a second order limit language, which is an extension of limit language. Some types of splicing system can produce second order limit language. Y-G splicing system is chosen among other models to model the DNA splicing process as this model preserves the biological traits and presents the transparent behavior of the DNA splicing process. In this paper, the relation between second order limit language with simple splicing and semi-simple splicing system are presented.
Jurnal Teknologi, 2014
DNA splicing process is a study on the recombinant behavior of double-stranded DNA molecules with... more DNA splicing process is a study on the recombinant behavior of double-stranded DNA molecules with the existence of restriction enzyme and ligase. Head introduced the first mathematical model of splicing systems by using the relation of informational macromolecules and formal language theory. In addition, a few laboratory experiments have been conducted in order to verify certain types of splicing language called inert/adult, transient and limit language. Previously, researchers have focused on those types of splicing languages. Recently, an extension of limit languages namely second order limit language has been introduced. In this paper, the difference between second order limit languages and non-second order limit languages is depicted in some examples. Then, the formations of second order limit language in Yusof-Goode splicing system are investigated.
The cutting and pasting processes that occur in DNA molecules have led to the formulation of spli... more The cutting and pasting processes that occur in DNA molecules have led to the formulation of splicing system. Since then, there are few models used to model the splicing system. The splicing language, which is the product of splicing system, can be categorized into two, namely the adult and limit language. In this research, limit language is extended to the second order limit language. Few problems are approached which lead to the formation of second order limit language which is then analyzed using various types of splicing system.