mukhtiar hassan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by mukhtiar hassan
IUBMB Life
This study was designed to screen novel thiourea derivatives against different enzymes, such as α... more This study was designed to screen novel thiourea derivatives against different enzymes, such as α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 B, and advanced glycated end product (AGEs). A cytotoxicity analysis was performed using rat L6 myotubes and molecular docking analysis was performed to map the binding interactions between the active compounds and α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase. The data revealed the potency of five compounds, including E (1‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl)‐3‐(3,4‐dimethyl phenyl) thiourea), AG (1‐(2‐methoxy‐5‐(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)‐3‐(3‐methoxy phenyl) thiourea), AF (1‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐3‐(4‐ethylphenyl) thiourea), AD (1‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐3‐(4‐ethylphenyl) thiourea), and AH (1‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl)‐3‐(2‐iodophenyl) thiourea), showed activity against α‐amylase. The corresponding percentage inhibitions were found to be 85 ± 1.9, 82 ± 0.7, 75 ± 1.2, 72 ± 0.4, and 65 ± 1.1%, respectively. These compounds were then screened using in vitro assays. Among them, ...
ARC Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016
Objective:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are teratogenic and mutagenic, for their determination... more Objective:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are teratogenic and mutagenic, for their determination 50 water samples were taken from Hattar industrial area, TIP housing society, Hazara University DhodialMansehra and Kahuta industrial triangle Islamabad. Methods: Samples were analyzed with the help of High Pressure Liquid Chromatography for the determination of 5 Nitro PAHs including: Nitronaphthalene (NN), Nitrofluorine (NF), 9-Nitroanthracene (NA), 3-Nitrofluoroanthene (NFA), Nitropyrene (NP). Results:
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2015
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that can guide to serious cardiovascular, renal... more Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that can guide to serious cardiovascular, renal, neurological and retinal complications 1 .
The experiment was conducted during 2015-16 to find out the pollutants and heavy metals in off se... more The experiment was conducted during 2015-16 to find out the pollutants and heavy metals in off season vegetable crops i.e. Spinach, Coriander, Turnip, Radish, Potato, Chilies, Pea and Kale with the title captioned "Characterization and evaluation of pollutants in off season vegetables of district Mansehra". Metals pollutants are naturally occurring elements that have a high atomic weight and a density at least 5 times more than that of water. Levels of cobalt, copper, iron, nickel, lead and zinc were dead set in water, vegetable and soils in Mansehra. Most metals Zn, Ni, Co, Cu were within the safe limit according to standard values. Average amount of Zn in soil was 151.06 mg/kg. Likewise in vegetables Fe and Pb were high above the safe limit according to W.H.O/FAO standard and other metals Zn, Ni, Cu their average amount was 2.0 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 16.9 mg/kg but the level of Pb 59.9 mg/kg and Fe 229.9 mg/kg in some vegetables in excess amount and above the safe limit.
The present study was carried out to analyze Ipomoea indica for its phytochemical and physiochemi... more The present study was carried out to analyze Ipomoea indica for its phytochemical and physiochemical characteristics and to establish its antioxidant potential. The plants samples were collected from Islamabad, Pakistan. Total antioxidant activity was significantly higher in leaves samples of Ipomoea indicaas compared to stem sample extracted in chloroform. Similar pattern for antioxidant activity was observed in ethanolic extracted samples. Phenolic contents of leaves extracted in chloroform were significantly higher as compared to stems. Similarly phenolic content of leaves was significantly higher from stem extracted in ethanol. The least flavonoid contents were observed in leaves of Ipoemea indica. Moreover, minimum activity of reducing power assay was observed in stem and leaves.
Diseases are still the main cause of reduction of yield in tomato crops in Pakistan. Early blight... more Diseases are still the main cause of reduction of yield in tomato crops in Pakistan. Early blight and fruit rot of tomatoes are the most important diseases caused by Alternariasolani. These diseases are responsible to cause tremendous yield loss in tomato crops in District Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This research was initiated to isolate the causal agents of early blight and fruit rot of tomatoes and to determine the efficacy of commonly available fungicides against them. Five fungicides Helonil (Chlorothalonil), Copper Oxychloride, Antracol, Ridomil gold and Desomil platinum were evaluated in vitro against radial growth of Alternariasolani at six different concentrations. The results showed that Chlorothalonil has better effectiveness as compared to others followed by clipper and Antracol. The most effective dose of Helonil (Chlorothalonil) was recorded as 400 ppm with inhibition of (82.85%) followed by clipper (64.70%) at 500 ppm and Antracol (46.66%) at 1000 ppm. Lea...
Apolipoproteins B/A1 are protein components of antherogenic and non antherogenicparticles. At the... more Apolipoproteins B/A1 are protein components of antherogenic and non antherogenicparticles. At the moment, measurement of LDL and HDL in various combinations is in practice for diagnosis of atherosclerotic CAD. But studies have proved that measurement of their protein components is much better, cost effective, error free and standardize. the current cross sectional analytical study has confirmed that Apo B/A1 ratio is much better biochemical indicator and people with obesity, high hip to waist ratio and other known risk factors for CAD can be better identified for future risk of CAD by measuring their Apo B/A1 ratio specially in men, however value 1.8 rather than 0.9 can be more useful. Therefore all old age men with known risk factor must immediately be monitored and given lipid lowering drugs for prevention of developing CAD.
In the current study different samples were collected from computer accessories used in the Hazar... more In the current study different samples were collected from computer accessories used in the Hazara University and different diagnostic laboratories of Mansehra city. 150 samples were examined for their total bacterial count and the maximum growths were observed from the samples collected. Similarly the samples were analyzed further for the identification of different micro-organisms such as E.coli, Klebsiella, S.aureus, S.epidermidis and these organisms were found to be present. The percentage of micro-organisms were 46.66% of E.coli, 20% of Klebsiella, 16.66 of S.aureus and, 16.66% of S.epidermidis were detected and identified on the selective media i.e. E.M.B. agar and Mannitol salt agar respectively. Furthermore, biochemical tests were performed to confirm their presence i.e. IMVIC Test, Catalase Test, Coagulase Tests were also performed for their identification. The identified micro-organisms were again checked for their susceptibility against different standard antibiotics and ...
The antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Balsamodendron myrrha and Viola ode... more The antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Balsamodendron myrrha and Viola oderata were evaluated for anti-microbial activity using the agar well diffusion method against six pathogenic bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Salmonella typhi, Stapylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus). These plants are commonly used in folk medicine to treat infections of microbial origin. The patterns of inhibition varied with the extracts, the solvent used for extraction and the organisms tested. The studies revealed that the activity was in decreasing order of ethanol extracts>cold-water extract>hot-water extract. The preliminary screening experiment revealed that the ethanol extracts of Balsamodendron myrrha and Viola oderata exhibited a higher antimicrobial activity than the cold and hot water extracts. The most susceptible bacterium was Escherichia coli.
Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2017
Background: Studies on humans have shown the beneficial effects of zinc supplementation in patien... more Background: Studies on humans have shown the beneficial effects of zinc supplementation in patients with diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of zinc supplementation on fasting blood glucose and HbA1c% in adult diabetic patients on oral hypoglycemic agents. Material & Methods: This single blinded, randomized control trial was conducted in JPMC, Karachi, Pakistan, from April, 2015 to July, 2015. Sample size was 101 adult diabetic type 2 patients selected through consecutive sampling technique. Subjects were randomly allocated to experimental and control groups. All adults with T2DM on oral hypoglycemic drugs were included. Those having any complications were excluded from the study. Zinc sulphate 20 mg/day plus oral hypoglycemic to intervention group, and placebo plus oral hypoglycemic to control group were given. Demographic variable was ethnicity. Research variables were FBG and HbA1c. Ethnicity had attributes of Pathan, Punjabi and Urdu speakers. Data...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Many types of hormonal contraceptives are in use nowadays for example oral pills, emergency contr... more Many types of hormonal contraceptives are in use nowadays for example oral pills, emergency contraceptive pills, vaginal rings, implantable rods and injectable contraceptives (combined and progestogens only). The purpose of this study was to determine and compare serum serotonin levels in married fertile females of reproductive age group using hormonal contraceptives with non-contraceptive users. A total of 300 women were selected in the study. This cross sectional study included three groups; Group-1 (control), group-2 (combined oral contraceptive users) and group-3 (injectable contraceptive users). History and examination of subjects were recorded on pro forma. Levels of serum serotonin were measured using standard ELISA kits. Results were analysed by one way ANOVA and a p-value 0.05% was taken as significant, using SPSS 16.0. The mean age of the patients in group-1 was 30.4 ± 6.1 years, group-2 was 28.9 ± 4.9 and in group-3 was 2.5 ± 6.8 years. For subjects in group-1, group-2 an...
Urease is a nickel dependent amido hydrolase which help in the catalysis of urea breakdown into a... more Urease is a nickel dependent amido hydrolase which help in the catalysis of urea breakdown into ammonia and carbon dioxide. Ureases are acknowledged to be a causal agent of many diseases in humans and animals. High urease activity in agricul ture during urea fertilization causes significant environmental and economic problems by releasing large amount of ammonia into the atmosphere. Molecular docking of some reported compounds was performed via MOE-Dock to predict their binding modes. The docking result sho wed good correlation between experimental activities and docking scores. From the binding mod es of the compounds it was observed that most active compounds established coordination with nickel atoms whereas less active compounds were unable to make coordination bond with nickel ions. These finding may be exploited to design new and potent urease inhibitor s.
Journal of Microbiology & Experimentation, 2015
Materials and methods Study sites Dharmarajika Stupa is one of the eight shrines constructed in t... more Materials and methods Study sites Dharmarajika Stupa is one of the eight shrines constructed in the 3 rd century BC during the reign of Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty. It is earliest and largest Buddhist stupa in Taxila. The modern
The aim of present study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of the stem extract of Rum... more The aim of present study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of the stem extract of Rumex dentatus against some bacterial pathogenic strains. All the work was done in the laboratory of Microbiology,
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan: JCPSP
To determine the occurrence of subclinical rickets and its causing factors among adolescent stude... more To determine the occurrence of subclinical rickets and its causing factors among adolescent students of schools in Kaghan Valley, Pakistan.
Journal of Clinical Virology, 2015
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has been reported from more than 30 countries in Africa, A... more Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has been reported from more than 30 countries in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and Middle East. The disease is considered endemic in Pakistan and neighboring countries like Iran and Afghanistan. This study aimed to explore the genetic diversity of CCHF virus (CCHFV) detected in Pakistan and Afghanistan based on analysis of partial S-segment sequences. During 2011, one hundred samples satisfying the CCHF case definition were tested by (ELISA) and RT-PCR for detection of IgM antibodies and viral RNA, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out on partial S-segment nucleotide sequences using MEGA 5.0. Out of one hundred collected during 2011, 49 (49%) were positive for CCHF either by ELISA/RT-PCR or both. The mean age of the CCHFV positive cases was 30.32 years (range 18-56 years) and overall mortality rate was 20.4%. All CCHF virus isolates from this study clustered with strains previously reported from Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan within the Asia-1 genogroup. Four distinct sub-clades were found circulating within Asia-1 genogroup. Six CCHFV strains found in Pakistan and Afghanistan grouped into a new sub-clade-D. Data from this study shows that endemic foci of CCHFV span the international border between Pakistan and Afghanistan with genetically diverse variants circulating in this region. Our findings emphasize to establish a laboratory based surveillance program and devise health policy measures to control CCHF infection especially in Baluchistan.
RSC Adv., 2015
Compound NA3 bound inside the active site of the enzyme.
Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 2014
The study on sub clinical rickets is unique in the sense that it has not been preplanned conducte... more The study on sub clinical rickets is unique in the sense that it has not been preplanned conducted anywhere especially in Pakistan. The objective of present study was to explore the prevalence, gender and geographical distribution of sub clinical rickets and their related factors among school students. Out of total participants, 189(90%) students were finally included in the study from rural, urban and suburban high schools of Hazara Division, KPK. The age of boys and girls students was 11 years to 16 years. Anthropometrics data along with daily intakes of meal and availability of sun shine was noted on record form. Sub clinical cases were diagnosed with abnormal biochemical findings without physical indications of rickets. Sub clinical rickets was found in 51(27%) students, out of which 15(8%) were boys and 36(19%) girls. Geographically, 26 cases of sub clinical rickets were from rural schools, 16 of urban and 09 found in suburban school. All sub clinical cases had serum level of s...
IUBMB Life
This study was designed to screen novel thiourea derivatives against different enzymes, such as α... more This study was designed to screen novel thiourea derivatives against different enzymes, such as α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 B, and advanced glycated end product (AGEs). A cytotoxicity analysis was performed using rat L6 myotubes and molecular docking analysis was performed to map the binding interactions between the active compounds and α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase. The data revealed the potency of five compounds, including E (1‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl)‐3‐(3,4‐dimethyl phenyl) thiourea), AG (1‐(2‐methoxy‐5‐(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)‐3‐(3‐methoxy phenyl) thiourea), AF (1‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐3‐(4‐ethylphenyl) thiourea), AD (1‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐3‐(4‐ethylphenyl) thiourea), and AH (1‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl)‐3‐(2‐iodophenyl) thiourea), showed activity against α‐amylase. The corresponding percentage inhibitions were found to be 85 ± 1.9, 82 ± 0.7, 75 ± 1.2, 72 ± 0.4, and 65 ± 1.1%, respectively. These compounds were then screened using in vitro assays. Among them, ...
ARC Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016
Objective:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are teratogenic and mutagenic, for their determination... more Objective:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are teratogenic and mutagenic, for their determination 50 water samples were taken from Hattar industrial area, TIP housing society, Hazara University DhodialMansehra and Kahuta industrial triangle Islamabad. Methods: Samples were analyzed with the help of High Pressure Liquid Chromatography for the determination of 5 Nitro PAHs including: Nitronaphthalene (NN), Nitrofluorine (NF), 9-Nitroanthracene (NA), 3-Nitrofluoroanthene (NFA), Nitropyrene (NP). Results:
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2015
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that can guide to serious cardiovascular, renal... more Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that can guide to serious cardiovascular, renal, neurological and retinal complications 1 .
The experiment was conducted during 2015-16 to find out the pollutants and heavy metals in off se... more The experiment was conducted during 2015-16 to find out the pollutants and heavy metals in off season vegetable crops i.e. Spinach, Coriander, Turnip, Radish, Potato, Chilies, Pea and Kale with the title captioned "Characterization and evaluation of pollutants in off season vegetables of district Mansehra". Metals pollutants are naturally occurring elements that have a high atomic weight and a density at least 5 times more than that of water. Levels of cobalt, copper, iron, nickel, lead and zinc were dead set in water, vegetable and soils in Mansehra. Most metals Zn, Ni, Co, Cu were within the safe limit according to standard values. Average amount of Zn in soil was 151.06 mg/kg. Likewise in vegetables Fe and Pb were high above the safe limit according to W.H.O/FAO standard and other metals Zn, Ni, Cu their average amount was 2.0 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 16.9 mg/kg but the level of Pb 59.9 mg/kg and Fe 229.9 mg/kg in some vegetables in excess amount and above the safe limit.
The present study was carried out to analyze Ipomoea indica for its phytochemical and physiochemi... more The present study was carried out to analyze Ipomoea indica for its phytochemical and physiochemical characteristics and to establish its antioxidant potential. The plants samples were collected from Islamabad, Pakistan. Total antioxidant activity was significantly higher in leaves samples of Ipomoea indicaas compared to stem sample extracted in chloroform. Similar pattern for antioxidant activity was observed in ethanolic extracted samples. Phenolic contents of leaves extracted in chloroform were significantly higher as compared to stems. Similarly phenolic content of leaves was significantly higher from stem extracted in ethanol. The least flavonoid contents were observed in leaves of Ipoemea indica. Moreover, minimum activity of reducing power assay was observed in stem and leaves.
Diseases are still the main cause of reduction of yield in tomato crops in Pakistan. Early blight... more Diseases are still the main cause of reduction of yield in tomato crops in Pakistan. Early blight and fruit rot of tomatoes are the most important diseases caused by Alternariasolani. These diseases are responsible to cause tremendous yield loss in tomato crops in District Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This research was initiated to isolate the causal agents of early blight and fruit rot of tomatoes and to determine the efficacy of commonly available fungicides against them. Five fungicides Helonil (Chlorothalonil), Copper Oxychloride, Antracol, Ridomil gold and Desomil platinum were evaluated in vitro against radial growth of Alternariasolani at six different concentrations. The results showed that Chlorothalonil has better effectiveness as compared to others followed by clipper and Antracol. The most effective dose of Helonil (Chlorothalonil) was recorded as 400 ppm with inhibition of (82.85%) followed by clipper (64.70%) at 500 ppm and Antracol (46.66%) at 1000 ppm. Lea...
Apolipoproteins B/A1 are protein components of antherogenic and non antherogenicparticles. At the... more Apolipoproteins B/A1 are protein components of antherogenic and non antherogenicparticles. At the moment, measurement of LDL and HDL in various combinations is in practice for diagnosis of atherosclerotic CAD. But studies have proved that measurement of their protein components is much better, cost effective, error free and standardize. the current cross sectional analytical study has confirmed that Apo B/A1 ratio is much better biochemical indicator and people with obesity, high hip to waist ratio and other known risk factors for CAD can be better identified for future risk of CAD by measuring their Apo B/A1 ratio specially in men, however value 1.8 rather than 0.9 can be more useful. Therefore all old age men with known risk factor must immediately be monitored and given lipid lowering drugs for prevention of developing CAD.
In the current study different samples were collected from computer accessories used in the Hazar... more In the current study different samples were collected from computer accessories used in the Hazara University and different diagnostic laboratories of Mansehra city. 150 samples were examined for their total bacterial count and the maximum growths were observed from the samples collected. Similarly the samples were analyzed further for the identification of different micro-organisms such as E.coli, Klebsiella, S.aureus, S.epidermidis and these organisms were found to be present. The percentage of micro-organisms were 46.66% of E.coli, 20% of Klebsiella, 16.66 of S.aureus and, 16.66% of S.epidermidis were detected and identified on the selective media i.e. E.M.B. agar and Mannitol salt agar respectively. Furthermore, biochemical tests were performed to confirm their presence i.e. IMVIC Test, Catalase Test, Coagulase Tests were also performed for their identification. The identified micro-organisms were again checked for their susceptibility against different standard antibiotics and ...
The antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Balsamodendron myrrha and Viola ode... more The antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Balsamodendron myrrha and Viola oderata were evaluated for anti-microbial activity using the agar well diffusion method against six pathogenic bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Salmonella typhi, Stapylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus). These plants are commonly used in folk medicine to treat infections of microbial origin. The patterns of inhibition varied with the extracts, the solvent used for extraction and the organisms tested. The studies revealed that the activity was in decreasing order of ethanol extracts>cold-water extract>hot-water extract. The preliminary screening experiment revealed that the ethanol extracts of Balsamodendron myrrha and Viola oderata exhibited a higher antimicrobial activity than the cold and hot water extracts. The most susceptible bacterium was Escherichia coli.
Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2017
Background: Studies on humans have shown the beneficial effects of zinc supplementation in patien... more Background: Studies on humans have shown the beneficial effects of zinc supplementation in patients with diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of zinc supplementation on fasting blood glucose and HbA1c% in adult diabetic patients on oral hypoglycemic agents. Material & Methods: This single blinded, randomized control trial was conducted in JPMC, Karachi, Pakistan, from April, 2015 to July, 2015. Sample size was 101 adult diabetic type 2 patients selected through consecutive sampling technique. Subjects were randomly allocated to experimental and control groups. All adults with T2DM on oral hypoglycemic drugs were included. Those having any complications were excluded from the study. Zinc sulphate 20 mg/day plus oral hypoglycemic to intervention group, and placebo plus oral hypoglycemic to control group were given. Demographic variable was ethnicity. Research variables were FBG and HbA1c. Ethnicity had attributes of Pathan, Punjabi and Urdu speakers. Data...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Many types of hormonal contraceptives are in use nowadays for example oral pills, emergency contr... more Many types of hormonal contraceptives are in use nowadays for example oral pills, emergency contraceptive pills, vaginal rings, implantable rods and injectable contraceptives (combined and progestogens only). The purpose of this study was to determine and compare serum serotonin levels in married fertile females of reproductive age group using hormonal contraceptives with non-contraceptive users. A total of 300 women were selected in the study. This cross sectional study included three groups; Group-1 (control), group-2 (combined oral contraceptive users) and group-3 (injectable contraceptive users). History and examination of subjects were recorded on pro forma. Levels of serum serotonin were measured using standard ELISA kits. Results were analysed by one way ANOVA and a p-value 0.05% was taken as significant, using SPSS 16.0. The mean age of the patients in group-1 was 30.4 ± 6.1 years, group-2 was 28.9 ± 4.9 and in group-3 was 2.5 ± 6.8 years. For subjects in group-1, group-2 an...
Urease is a nickel dependent amido hydrolase which help in the catalysis of urea breakdown into a... more Urease is a nickel dependent amido hydrolase which help in the catalysis of urea breakdown into ammonia and carbon dioxide. Ureases are acknowledged to be a causal agent of many diseases in humans and animals. High urease activity in agricul ture during urea fertilization causes significant environmental and economic problems by releasing large amount of ammonia into the atmosphere. Molecular docking of some reported compounds was performed via MOE-Dock to predict their binding modes. The docking result sho wed good correlation between experimental activities and docking scores. From the binding mod es of the compounds it was observed that most active compounds established coordination with nickel atoms whereas less active compounds were unable to make coordination bond with nickel ions. These finding may be exploited to design new and potent urease inhibitor s.
Journal of Microbiology & Experimentation, 2015
Materials and methods Study sites Dharmarajika Stupa is one of the eight shrines constructed in t... more Materials and methods Study sites Dharmarajika Stupa is one of the eight shrines constructed in the 3 rd century BC during the reign of Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty. It is earliest and largest Buddhist stupa in Taxila. The modern
The aim of present study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of the stem extract of Rum... more The aim of present study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of the stem extract of Rumex dentatus against some bacterial pathogenic strains. All the work was done in the laboratory of Microbiology,
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan: JCPSP
To determine the occurrence of subclinical rickets and its causing factors among adolescent stude... more To determine the occurrence of subclinical rickets and its causing factors among adolescent students of schools in Kaghan Valley, Pakistan.
Journal of Clinical Virology, 2015
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has been reported from more than 30 countries in Africa, A... more Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has been reported from more than 30 countries in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and Middle East. The disease is considered endemic in Pakistan and neighboring countries like Iran and Afghanistan. This study aimed to explore the genetic diversity of CCHF virus (CCHFV) detected in Pakistan and Afghanistan based on analysis of partial S-segment sequences. During 2011, one hundred samples satisfying the CCHF case definition were tested by (ELISA) and RT-PCR for detection of IgM antibodies and viral RNA, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out on partial S-segment nucleotide sequences using MEGA 5.0. Out of one hundred collected during 2011, 49 (49%) were positive for CCHF either by ELISA/RT-PCR or both. The mean age of the CCHFV positive cases was 30.32 years (range 18-56 years) and overall mortality rate was 20.4%. All CCHF virus isolates from this study clustered with strains previously reported from Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan within the Asia-1 genogroup. Four distinct sub-clades were found circulating within Asia-1 genogroup. Six CCHFV strains found in Pakistan and Afghanistan grouped into a new sub-clade-D. Data from this study shows that endemic foci of CCHFV span the international border between Pakistan and Afghanistan with genetically diverse variants circulating in this region. Our findings emphasize to establish a laboratory based surveillance program and devise health policy measures to control CCHF infection especially in Baluchistan.
RSC Adv., 2015
Compound NA3 bound inside the active site of the enzyme.
Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 2014
The study on sub clinical rickets is unique in the sense that it has not been preplanned conducte... more The study on sub clinical rickets is unique in the sense that it has not been preplanned conducted anywhere especially in Pakistan. The objective of present study was to explore the prevalence, gender and geographical distribution of sub clinical rickets and their related factors among school students. Out of total participants, 189(90%) students were finally included in the study from rural, urban and suburban high schools of Hazara Division, KPK. The age of boys and girls students was 11 years to 16 years. Anthropometrics data along with daily intakes of meal and availability of sun shine was noted on record form. Sub clinical cases were diagnosed with abnormal biochemical findings without physical indications of rickets. Sub clinical rickets was found in 51(27%) students, out of which 15(8%) were boys and 36(19%) girls. Geographically, 26 cases of sub clinical rickets were from rural schools, 16 of urban and 09 found in suburban school. All sub clinical cases had serum level of s...