Muntaser S . Ahmad - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Muntaser S . Ahmad
Research Square (Research Square), Dec 16, 2022
The importance of the study is in using computed tomography (CT) to measure the size and dimensio... more The importance of the study is in using computed tomography (CT) to measure the size and dimensions of the liver as well as in its discovery of a mathematical technique to attain and increase the accuracy in the calculation of liver's size and dimensions. The study was based on 603 individuals who underwent an abdominal CT scan in Hebron-Palestine. The IntelliSpase Portal 9 (Philips) was used to measure the liver's six dimensions, including transverse, vertical, and anteroposterior dimensions of the right and left lobes. Mathematical equations based on the liver shape were used to calculate the size of the liver. Ultimately, a comparison of the developed and standard formulae' for the diagnosis of hepatomegaly was carried out. Based on these ndings, four hepatic forms were identi ed and calculations were conducted. The results showed that the Area under Curve (AUC) in the total sample was 0.92, and for the I-IV liver types was 0.87-0.93. The speci city of diagnosing hepatomegaly calculated using general formula was 87%, which practically does not differ from the values of this indicator with a differentiated approach: Type I − 91%, Type II-84%, Type III-86%, and Type IV-90%. In conclusion, the standard formula for determining liver can be utilized in clinical practice: V = (HRL + TRL) 3 /21, (V-volume, HRL-high of right lobe, TRL-thickness of right lobe).
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, May 1, 2023
Social Science Research Network, 2022
Radiation Physics and Chemistry
The importance of the study is in using computed tomography (CT) to measure the size and dimensio... more The importance of the study is in using computed tomography (CT) to measure the size and dimensions of the liver as well as in its discovery of a mathematical technique to attain and increase the accuracy in the calculation of liver’s size and dimensions. The study was based on 603 individuals who underwent an abdominal CT scan in Hebron-Palestine. The IntelliSpase Portal 9 (Philips) was used to measure the liver’s six dimensions, including transverse, vertical, and anteroposterior dimensions of the right and left lobes. Mathematical equations based on the liver shape were used to calculate the size of the liver. Ultimately, a comparison of the developed and standard formulae’ for the diagnosis of hepatomegaly was carried out. Based on these findings, four hepatic forms were identified and calculations were conducted. The results showed that the Area under Curve (AUC) in the total sample was 0.92, and for the I-IV liver types was 0.87–0.93. The specificity of diagnosing hepatomegaly...
Journal of Medical – Clinical Research & Reviews
Objective: The current study aimed to examine effect of ESWT vs. MWM in the management of tennis ... more Objective: The current study aimed to examine effect of ESWT vs. MWM in the management of tennis elbow. Methods: The study was conducted in the physiotherapy department at PAU. Sample of the study consisted of 22 patients aged between 20-50 years. Patients were selected in the orthopedic clinic and randomly separated into 2 groups. The ESWT group included (12) patients, whereas the MWM group included (10) patients. The first group underwent 3 sessions/week and the latter underwent 2 sessions/week for 4 weeks. The demographic data were assessed. VAS was used for pain intensity. A hand-held dynamometer was used for wrist strength and Quick DASH was used for a functional disability. Results: Inter-group analysis was done using t-test. Comparing pre-post treatments using VAS disclosed that there were not significant differences between groups, P= 0.25. Pre-post treatment for wrist strength uncovered that there wasn't a significant difference between groups, P= 0.47. Pre-post QUICK D...
Journal of medical-clinical research & reviews, Oct 10, 2022
Background: Calf muscle tearing is one of the most sudden pain that affects the calf, foot, or th... more Background: Calf muscle tearing is one of the most sudden pain that affects the calf, foot, or thigh area. It can be diagnosed through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and treated through physiotherapy interventions. The aim of the current study is to evaluate and assess the efficiency of physiotherapy interventions using Myofascial release and Stretching exercises in calf muscle treatment, and verification this effectiveness by traditional physiotherapy measurement tools and MRI. Methods: The study included 30 patients with at least one degree tearing of the calf muscles. All patients were undergoing leg MRI imaging using a 1.5 Tesla MRI. The Visual analogue scales (VAS) and Functional disability scale for ankle (FADI) were assessed before the patients were offered therapies. Then the patients were randomly distributed into two groups: the first group was 15 patients who were given Myofascial release treatment, while the second group was 15 patients who were given treatment using Stretching exercises. After treatment, the efficacy of treatment was checked for patients by different tools: VAS, FADI, and MR imaging. Patients' outcomes before and after treatment were compared. Results: The results showed that both Myofascial release and Stretching exercises had the same effect on patients. Comparison between pre-and post-score within groups for VAS, FADI, and MRI findings. Whereas, all P value values were less than 0.05 for all samples. When comparing the techniques presented for treatment between the two groups, the results showed that there were no differences between the two techniques in each of the VAS, FADI, and MRI findings, where the P-values post-treatment were 0.644, 0.112, and 0.831, respectively. Conclusion: Myofascial release and Stretching exercises can be used to treat calf muscle tears in the sub-acute stages.
Journal of Medical – Clinical Research & Reviews
Background: Calf muscle tearing is one of the most sudden pain that affects the calf, foot, or th... more Background: Calf muscle tearing is one of the most sudden pain that affects the calf, foot, or thigh area. It can be diagnosed through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and treated through physiotherapy interventions. The aim of the current study is to evaluate and assess the efficiency of physiotherapy interventions using Myofascial release and Stretching exercises in calf muscle treatment, and verification this effectiveness by traditional physiotherapy measurement tools and MRI. Methods: The study included 30 patients with at least one degree tearing of the calf muscles. All patients were undergoing leg MRI imaging using a 1.5 Tesla MRI. The Visual analogue scales (VAS) and Functional disability scale for ankle (FADI) were assessed before the patients were offered therapies. Then the patients were randomly distributed into two groups: the first group was 15 patients who were given Myofascial release treatment, while the second group was 15 patients who were given treatment using S...
Advanced Research in Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cause of cancer-related deat... more Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The objective of this study is to detect the various stages of HCC through the utilization of a dynamic liver phantom with MRI. Methods: Three liver phantoms composed of different gelatin concentrations (2.5%wt, 4.0%wt, and 5.0%wt) and fixed agar concentrations were used. The HCC samples consisted of agarose and glycerol and were of varying sizes (0.5,1.0, and 2.0cm). The chemical, mechanical, electrical, and imaging properties of the phantoms were examined. The consistency of T1 and T2 signal intensities over a six-week period was studied. In addition, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was used to detect the HCC samples through the Dixon sequence. Results: The gelatin concentration of 5%wt was the most stable in regard to density, exhibited the lowest average compressive strength of 0.22MPa, and had the lowest electrical conductivity over the course of a six-week period. Durin...
The Journal of Adhesion
ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the average density, mechanical stability, and the suitabili... more ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the average density, mechanical stability, and the suitability of Rhizophora spp. particleboard bonded with epoxy resin as tissue-equivalent phantom materials. The particleboards were fabricated with added epoxy at levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. CT scan was used to evaluate the epoxy distribution. The sample with 15% epoxy level complied with the Japanese Industrial Standards. Moreover, the crystallinity was measured by microscopic analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the values of mass density and effective atomic number of the studied samples were well agreed and close to the value of water. Both microscopic analysis and XRD results showed the utility of epoxy in filling up the gaps and increasing the crystallinity. In addition, the standard deviation (SD) value of fabricated particleboard bonded with 15% epoxy resin provided a good matching with the SD value of Catphan 600 phantom. Furthermore, 15% of epoxy, as a binder material, was considered the best percentage to achieve high performance and to enhance the mechanical stability of Rhizophora particleboards. In conclusion, epoxy resin improves the mechanical and physical properties of Rhizophora spp. particleboards to be performed as a phantom material.
Journal of Medical - Clinical Research & Reviews, 2021
Objectives: Polymer phantoms can be used to simulate the properties of tissues or organs such as ... more Objectives: Polymer phantoms can be used to simulate the properties of tissues or organs such as the liver during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although there are reports of simulated liver phantoms with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); no studies have documented the simulating of the typical dynamic pattern. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate properties of developed phantoms with respect to the stability, including chemical, mechanical, electrical, as well as MRI properties (T1- and T2- signal intensities), in addition to simulating HCC in a dynamic way. Methods: In this study, liver parenchyma of size 23 ×18 ×13 cm was simulated using three different agarose-wax samples (agarose at concentrations of 2.5 wt%, 4.5 wt%, and 6.0 wt%) mixed with a fixed wax concentration of 2.6 wt%.. HCC samples were fabricated using polyurethane and glycerol of various diameters (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 cm). Results: The results showed that the agarose-wax sample with a concentration of 2.5 wt% ...
European Journal of Radiology Open, 2020
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancer in the world, and the effectivene... more Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancer in the world, and the effectiveness of its treatment lies in its detection in its early stages. The aim of this study is to mimic HCC dynamically through a liver phantom and apply it in multimodality medical imaging techniques including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound. Methods and materials: The phantom is fabricated with two main parts, liver parenchyma and HCC inserts. The liver parenchyma was fabricated by adding 2.5 wt% of agarose powder combined with 2.6 wt% of wax powder while the basic material for the HCC samples was made from polyurethane solution combined with 5 wt% glycerol. Three HCC samples were inserted into the parenchyma by using three cylinders implanted inside the liver parenchyma. An automatic injector is attached to the input side of the cylinders and a suction device connected to the output side of the cylinders. After the phantom was prepared, the contrast materials were injected into the phantom and imaged using MRI, CT, and ultrasound. Results: Both HCC samples and liver parenchyma were clearly distinguished using the three imaging modalities: MRI, CT, and ultrasound. Doppler ultrasound was also applied through the HCC samples and the flow pattern was observed through the samples. Conclusion: A multimodal dynamic liver phantom, with HCC tumor models have been fabricated. This phantom helps to improve and develop different methods for detecting HCC in its early stages.
Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess influence of shockwave therapy plus exercise and ultr... more Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess influence of shockwave therapy plus exercise and ultrasound therapy plus exercises on pain severity and range of motion with frozen shoulder joint patients. Patients: twenty patients with frozen shoulder joint patients, Illness time ranging between 2-9 months participated in this study at Palestine Ahliya University. They were randomly chosen from orthopedic surgeon assigned into 2 equal groups. Each group consists of ten patients. Methods: Patients were analyzed pre and post treatment for shoulder pain severity by pain scale (VAS) and range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joint by using goniometer. Group (A) received shock wave therapy, 2000 impulses per session, an energy flex density of 0.22mJ/mm2 , pulse rate 10/sec and frequency 1-15 Hz plus an exercise program. Group (B) received ultrasound with a frequency of 3MH, and intensity 1w/cm was applied on the affected shoulder at the site of pain using ultrasound gel for 5 minute plus the ...
Journal of Building Engineering, 2021
Abstract Heavy weight concrete (HWC) is one of the most used artificial materials for the embodim... more Abstract Heavy weight concrete (HWC) is one of the most used artificial materials for the embodiment of special infrastructures such as nuclear power, medical, nuclear science and industrial facilities. The review highlights the main aspects of HWC covering the general concept of radiation physics, fundamental of geometrical design for radiation attenuation and recent advances of HWC technology. An overview of recent research and development of HWC for various applications in engineering and radiation attenuation is elaborated. Besides, the primary industrial applications, future challenges and current limitations of research and development of HWC are also deliberated. Recent works had established that the degree of attenuation of biologically harmful forms of radiation, such as gamma-rays and X-rays, is proportional to the atomic mass (Z) of the shielding material. The high penetration power enables the radiations to penetrates the living bodies and causes harmful ionization of the biological cells. Therefore, the concrete material capable of effective attenuation of these rays plays a critical role in ensuring the safety and health of personnel in nuclear facilities. A comprehensive analysis of the literature shows the limitations in the present body of knowledge associated with the use of more than one type of nano-materials to achieve a virtually impervious HWCs. Besides, a significant gap was identified on the method of improving the cost efficiency of HWC by the use of byproduct heavyweight aggregates or by adding more than one type of aggregate and inclusion of heavyweight fiber. The review had established several critical areas for future works covering cost optimization in the formulation of high-quality HWC, reactive powder and geopolymer HWC, combinations of nano-materials, crack control and elevating Z-value of HWC to improve harmful radiation attenuation performance.
Proceedings of the 2019 2nd International Conference on Digital Medicine and Image Processing, 2019
This study aims at developing a reusable, multimodal liver phantom, which applies functional vasc... more This study aims at developing a reusable, multimodal liver phantom, which applies functional vasculature and displays some pathologies, such as Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). This phantom can be used with different modalities, such as Ultrasonography (US), Computed Tomography (CT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The current phantom consisted of different types of mimicked tissue; liver parenchyma; HCC and major input and output vessels. They are made of different ingredients; 4% weight of gelatin powder; 2.6% weight of hydroxyethylcellulose; 0.2 weight % of benzalkonium chloride; 3.2% weight of propanediol; and 90% weight of water as a volume spreader. The selected materials mimicked liver tissue under MRI, CT and US. The phantom preparation is simple, low cost, reusable, and takes about 24 hours for preparation. Additionally, comparison of ultrasound images, CT, and MRI of real patient's liver, the phantom's liver tissue with HCC and its structures are well simulated. Using different steps to cast procedures, the researchers fabricated a multimodal liver phantom, with dynamic vascular channels, and models with different sized pathologies, which give a best procedure for training in different modalities. This technique can be applied to any organ in the body.
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2021
Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. The effectivenes... more Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. The effectiveness of treatment depends on detection in its early stages. The aim of this study is to fabricate an HCC liver dynamic phantom with tissue-mimicking materials for magnetic resonance imaging. Three gelatin phantoms with concentrations of 2.5%, 4.0%, and 5.0 wt% were made. All phantoms contained three main materials; hydroxyethyl cellulose as gelling agent; benzalkonium chloride as antibacterial agent; and propanediol as a solvent. Three samples of glycerol and agarose were made in three different sizes (2.0, 1.0, and 0.5 cm) to represent HCC samples. The chemical, mechanical (density and compression strength), electrical conductivity, and imaging properties of all three phantoms were studied over a period of six weeks. Dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) was applied to study the HCC pattern. The chemical properties of the three phantoms are uniform. Density was stable for all phantom concentrations and of course was lowest in concentration 2.5 wt%. The change observed in T1 over six weeks was 8.15%, 13.07% and 9.98%, while the change in T2 was 12.37%, 19.40% and 10.27% in the concentrations of 2.5, 4.0 and 5.0 wt%, respectively. HCC samples behaved in a typical pattern after application of DCE and the smallest detection size using the Dixon sequence was 1 cm. The study succeeded in fabricating HCC with a dynamic phantom of the liver with the application of DCE on HCC in different stages.
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research, 2020
and their implications for prognosis and diagnosis as biomarkers imaging are discussed. Furthermo... more and their implications for prognosis and diagnosis as biomarkers imaging are discussed. Furthermore, the significant findings of HCC staging during the multistep hepatocarcinogenesis are summarized through histopathology and MRI. The review also provides a good Knowledge about early HCC diagnosis, MRI contrast agents, the functional imaging application through MRI include diffusionweighted sequences, perfusion imaging, radionics analysis, and hepatobiliary contrast agents.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma - Challenges and Opportunities of a Multidisciplinary Approach, 2021
Liver phantom is used at various medical levels, such as detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)... more Liver phantom is used at various medical levels, such as detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the early stages, training medical staff to deal with HCC by taking biopsies, developing new sequences on medical imaging devices, confirming the image quality, applying treatments to HCC, and others. All of the trials should be applied before entering the real human body. The phantom includes properties very similar to those of the human body, as well as the properties of liver cancer and how it is treated within the body through its biological form. Therefore, the present chapter aims to provide comprehensive information to consider when fabricating HCC-containing phantoms and the characteristics of those phantoms in proportion to multimodal medical imaging to aid in understanding the main target of dynamic phantom for HCC.
Atlas Journal of Biology, 2020
In the digital radiology system, radiologic technologists (RTs) can choose imaging parameters to ... more In the digital radiology system, radiologic technologists (RTs) can choose imaging parameters to include kVp and mAs. The RTs received feedback after acquisition of an image in the form of Exposure Index (EI). The aim of the current study was to check if the EI values are within the range values recommended by the manufacturer (MREI) for radiological examinations that include the chest, abdomen, pelvis, spine, and extremities. Data was collected from 3,000 adult X-ray examinations taken from several government hospitals in Palestine. The information included patient gender, kVp, mAs, EI values, and examination time. All examinations included in the study used the grid. While the study excluded all images that contained an implant or prosthesis. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the data, while the Mann–Whitney U test was used to detect statistically significant differences, P < 0.05. Some examinations showed the EI values outside the MREI ranges. The EIs in the...
Research Square (Research Square), Dec 16, 2022
The importance of the study is in using computed tomography (CT) to measure the size and dimensio... more The importance of the study is in using computed tomography (CT) to measure the size and dimensions of the liver as well as in its discovery of a mathematical technique to attain and increase the accuracy in the calculation of liver's size and dimensions. The study was based on 603 individuals who underwent an abdominal CT scan in Hebron-Palestine. The IntelliSpase Portal 9 (Philips) was used to measure the liver's six dimensions, including transverse, vertical, and anteroposterior dimensions of the right and left lobes. Mathematical equations based on the liver shape were used to calculate the size of the liver. Ultimately, a comparison of the developed and standard formulae' for the diagnosis of hepatomegaly was carried out. Based on these ndings, four hepatic forms were identi ed and calculations were conducted. The results showed that the Area under Curve (AUC) in the total sample was 0.92, and for the I-IV liver types was 0.87-0.93. The speci city of diagnosing hepatomegaly calculated using general formula was 87%, which practically does not differ from the values of this indicator with a differentiated approach: Type I − 91%, Type II-84%, Type III-86%, and Type IV-90%. In conclusion, the standard formula for determining liver can be utilized in clinical practice: V = (HRL + TRL) 3 /21, (V-volume, HRL-high of right lobe, TRL-thickness of right lobe).
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, May 1, 2023
Social Science Research Network, 2022
Radiation Physics and Chemistry
The importance of the study is in using computed tomography (CT) to measure the size and dimensio... more The importance of the study is in using computed tomography (CT) to measure the size and dimensions of the liver as well as in its discovery of a mathematical technique to attain and increase the accuracy in the calculation of liver’s size and dimensions. The study was based on 603 individuals who underwent an abdominal CT scan in Hebron-Palestine. The IntelliSpase Portal 9 (Philips) was used to measure the liver’s six dimensions, including transverse, vertical, and anteroposterior dimensions of the right and left lobes. Mathematical equations based on the liver shape were used to calculate the size of the liver. Ultimately, a comparison of the developed and standard formulae’ for the diagnosis of hepatomegaly was carried out. Based on these findings, four hepatic forms were identified and calculations were conducted. The results showed that the Area under Curve (AUC) in the total sample was 0.92, and for the I-IV liver types was 0.87–0.93. The specificity of diagnosing hepatomegaly...
Journal of Medical – Clinical Research & Reviews
Objective: The current study aimed to examine effect of ESWT vs. MWM in the management of tennis ... more Objective: The current study aimed to examine effect of ESWT vs. MWM in the management of tennis elbow. Methods: The study was conducted in the physiotherapy department at PAU. Sample of the study consisted of 22 patients aged between 20-50 years. Patients were selected in the orthopedic clinic and randomly separated into 2 groups. The ESWT group included (12) patients, whereas the MWM group included (10) patients. The first group underwent 3 sessions/week and the latter underwent 2 sessions/week for 4 weeks. The demographic data were assessed. VAS was used for pain intensity. A hand-held dynamometer was used for wrist strength and Quick DASH was used for a functional disability. Results: Inter-group analysis was done using t-test. Comparing pre-post treatments using VAS disclosed that there were not significant differences between groups, P= 0.25. Pre-post treatment for wrist strength uncovered that there wasn't a significant difference between groups, P= 0.47. Pre-post QUICK D...
Journal of medical-clinical research & reviews, Oct 10, 2022
Background: Calf muscle tearing is one of the most sudden pain that affects the calf, foot, or th... more Background: Calf muscle tearing is one of the most sudden pain that affects the calf, foot, or thigh area. It can be diagnosed through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and treated through physiotherapy interventions. The aim of the current study is to evaluate and assess the efficiency of physiotherapy interventions using Myofascial release and Stretching exercises in calf muscle treatment, and verification this effectiveness by traditional physiotherapy measurement tools and MRI. Methods: The study included 30 patients with at least one degree tearing of the calf muscles. All patients were undergoing leg MRI imaging using a 1.5 Tesla MRI. The Visual analogue scales (VAS) and Functional disability scale for ankle (FADI) were assessed before the patients were offered therapies. Then the patients were randomly distributed into two groups: the first group was 15 patients who were given Myofascial release treatment, while the second group was 15 patients who were given treatment using Stretching exercises. After treatment, the efficacy of treatment was checked for patients by different tools: VAS, FADI, and MR imaging. Patients' outcomes before and after treatment were compared. Results: The results showed that both Myofascial release and Stretching exercises had the same effect on patients. Comparison between pre-and post-score within groups for VAS, FADI, and MRI findings. Whereas, all P value values were less than 0.05 for all samples. When comparing the techniques presented for treatment between the two groups, the results showed that there were no differences between the two techniques in each of the VAS, FADI, and MRI findings, where the P-values post-treatment were 0.644, 0.112, and 0.831, respectively. Conclusion: Myofascial release and Stretching exercises can be used to treat calf muscle tears in the sub-acute stages.
Journal of Medical – Clinical Research & Reviews
Background: Calf muscle tearing is one of the most sudden pain that affects the calf, foot, or th... more Background: Calf muscle tearing is one of the most sudden pain that affects the calf, foot, or thigh area. It can be diagnosed through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and treated through physiotherapy interventions. The aim of the current study is to evaluate and assess the efficiency of physiotherapy interventions using Myofascial release and Stretching exercises in calf muscle treatment, and verification this effectiveness by traditional physiotherapy measurement tools and MRI. Methods: The study included 30 patients with at least one degree tearing of the calf muscles. All patients were undergoing leg MRI imaging using a 1.5 Tesla MRI. The Visual analogue scales (VAS) and Functional disability scale for ankle (FADI) were assessed before the patients were offered therapies. Then the patients were randomly distributed into two groups: the first group was 15 patients who were given Myofascial release treatment, while the second group was 15 patients who were given treatment using S...
Advanced Research in Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cause of cancer-related deat... more Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The objective of this study is to detect the various stages of HCC through the utilization of a dynamic liver phantom with MRI. Methods: Three liver phantoms composed of different gelatin concentrations (2.5%wt, 4.0%wt, and 5.0%wt) and fixed agar concentrations were used. The HCC samples consisted of agarose and glycerol and were of varying sizes (0.5,1.0, and 2.0cm). The chemical, mechanical, electrical, and imaging properties of the phantoms were examined. The consistency of T1 and T2 signal intensities over a six-week period was studied. In addition, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was used to detect the HCC samples through the Dixon sequence. Results: The gelatin concentration of 5%wt was the most stable in regard to density, exhibited the lowest average compressive strength of 0.22MPa, and had the lowest electrical conductivity over the course of a six-week period. Durin...
The Journal of Adhesion
ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the average density, mechanical stability, and the suitabili... more ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the average density, mechanical stability, and the suitability of Rhizophora spp. particleboard bonded with epoxy resin as tissue-equivalent phantom materials. The particleboards were fabricated with added epoxy at levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. CT scan was used to evaluate the epoxy distribution. The sample with 15% epoxy level complied with the Japanese Industrial Standards. Moreover, the crystallinity was measured by microscopic analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the values of mass density and effective atomic number of the studied samples were well agreed and close to the value of water. Both microscopic analysis and XRD results showed the utility of epoxy in filling up the gaps and increasing the crystallinity. In addition, the standard deviation (SD) value of fabricated particleboard bonded with 15% epoxy resin provided a good matching with the SD value of Catphan 600 phantom. Furthermore, 15% of epoxy, as a binder material, was considered the best percentage to achieve high performance and to enhance the mechanical stability of Rhizophora particleboards. In conclusion, epoxy resin improves the mechanical and physical properties of Rhizophora spp. particleboards to be performed as a phantom material.
Journal of Medical - Clinical Research & Reviews, 2021
Objectives: Polymer phantoms can be used to simulate the properties of tissues or organs such as ... more Objectives: Polymer phantoms can be used to simulate the properties of tissues or organs such as the liver during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although there are reports of simulated liver phantoms with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); no studies have documented the simulating of the typical dynamic pattern. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate properties of developed phantoms with respect to the stability, including chemical, mechanical, electrical, as well as MRI properties (T1- and T2- signal intensities), in addition to simulating HCC in a dynamic way. Methods: In this study, liver parenchyma of size 23 ×18 ×13 cm was simulated using three different agarose-wax samples (agarose at concentrations of 2.5 wt%, 4.5 wt%, and 6.0 wt%) mixed with a fixed wax concentration of 2.6 wt%.. HCC samples were fabricated using polyurethane and glycerol of various diameters (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 cm). Results: The results showed that the agarose-wax sample with a concentration of 2.5 wt% ...
European Journal of Radiology Open, 2020
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancer in the world, and the effectivene... more Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancer in the world, and the effectiveness of its treatment lies in its detection in its early stages. The aim of this study is to mimic HCC dynamically through a liver phantom and apply it in multimodality medical imaging techniques including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound. Methods and materials: The phantom is fabricated with two main parts, liver parenchyma and HCC inserts. The liver parenchyma was fabricated by adding 2.5 wt% of agarose powder combined with 2.6 wt% of wax powder while the basic material for the HCC samples was made from polyurethane solution combined with 5 wt% glycerol. Three HCC samples were inserted into the parenchyma by using three cylinders implanted inside the liver parenchyma. An automatic injector is attached to the input side of the cylinders and a suction device connected to the output side of the cylinders. After the phantom was prepared, the contrast materials were injected into the phantom and imaged using MRI, CT, and ultrasound. Results: Both HCC samples and liver parenchyma were clearly distinguished using the three imaging modalities: MRI, CT, and ultrasound. Doppler ultrasound was also applied through the HCC samples and the flow pattern was observed through the samples. Conclusion: A multimodal dynamic liver phantom, with HCC tumor models have been fabricated. This phantom helps to improve and develop different methods for detecting HCC in its early stages.
Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess influence of shockwave therapy plus exercise and ultr... more Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess influence of shockwave therapy plus exercise and ultrasound therapy plus exercises on pain severity and range of motion with frozen shoulder joint patients. Patients: twenty patients with frozen shoulder joint patients, Illness time ranging between 2-9 months participated in this study at Palestine Ahliya University. They were randomly chosen from orthopedic surgeon assigned into 2 equal groups. Each group consists of ten patients. Methods: Patients were analyzed pre and post treatment for shoulder pain severity by pain scale (VAS) and range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joint by using goniometer. Group (A) received shock wave therapy, 2000 impulses per session, an energy flex density of 0.22mJ/mm2 , pulse rate 10/sec and frequency 1-15 Hz plus an exercise program. Group (B) received ultrasound with a frequency of 3MH, and intensity 1w/cm was applied on the affected shoulder at the site of pain using ultrasound gel for 5 minute plus the ...
Journal of Building Engineering, 2021
Abstract Heavy weight concrete (HWC) is one of the most used artificial materials for the embodim... more Abstract Heavy weight concrete (HWC) is one of the most used artificial materials for the embodiment of special infrastructures such as nuclear power, medical, nuclear science and industrial facilities. The review highlights the main aspects of HWC covering the general concept of radiation physics, fundamental of geometrical design for radiation attenuation and recent advances of HWC technology. An overview of recent research and development of HWC for various applications in engineering and radiation attenuation is elaborated. Besides, the primary industrial applications, future challenges and current limitations of research and development of HWC are also deliberated. Recent works had established that the degree of attenuation of biologically harmful forms of radiation, such as gamma-rays and X-rays, is proportional to the atomic mass (Z) of the shielding material. The high penetration power enables the radiations to penetrates the living bodies and causes harmful ionization of the biological cells. Therefore, the concrete material capable of effective attenuation of these rays plays a critical role in ensuring the safety and health of personnel in nuclear facilities. A comprehensive analysis of the literature shows the limitations in the present body of knowledge associated with the use of more than one type of nano-materials to achieve a virtually impervious HWCs. Besides, a significant gap was identified on the method of improving the cost efficiency of HWC by the use of byproduct heavyweight aggregates or by adding more than one type of aggregate and inclusion of heavyweight fiber. The review had established several critical areas for future works covering cost optimization in the formulation of high-quality HWC, reactive powder and geopolymer HWC, combinations of nano-materials, crack control and elevating Z-value of HWC to improve harmful radiation attenuation performance.
Proceedings of the 2019 2nd International Conference on Digital Medicine and Image Processing, 2019
This study aims at developing a reusable, multimodal liver phantom, which applies functional vasc... more This study aims at developing a reusable, multimodal liver phantom, which applies functional vasculature and displays some pathologies, such as Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). This phantom can be used with different modalities, such as Ultrasonography (US), Computed Tomography (CT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The current phantom consisted of different types of mimicked tissue; liver parenchyma; HCC and major input and output vessels. They are made of different ingredients; 4% weight of gelatin powder; 2.6% weight of hydroxyethylcellulose; 0.2 weight % of benzalkonium chloride; 3.2% weight of propanediol; and 90% weight of water as a volume spreader. The selected materials mimicked liver tissue under MRI, CT and US. The phantom preparation is simple, low cost, reusable, and takes about 24 hours for preparation. Additionally, comparison of ultrasound images, CT, and MRI of real patient's liver, the phantom's liver tissue with HCC and its structures are well simulated. Using different steps to cast procedures, the researchers fabricated a multimodal liver phantom, with dynamic vascular channels, and models with different sized pathologies, which give a best procedure for training in different modalities. This technique can be applied to any organ in the body.
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2021
Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. The effectivenes... more Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. The effectiveness of treatment depends on detection in its early stages. The aim of this study is to fabricate an HCC liver dynamic phantom with tissue-mimicking materials for magnetic resonance imaging. Three gelatin phantoms with concentrations of 2.5%, 4.0%, and 5.0 wt% were made. All phantoms contained three main materials; hydroxyethyl cellulose as gelling agent; benzalkonium chloride as antibacterial agent; and propanediol as a solvent. Three samples of glycerol and agarose were made in three different sizes (2.0, 1.0, and 0.5 cm) to represent HCC samples. The chemical, mechanical (density and compression strength), electrical conductivity, and imaging properties of all three phantoms were studied over a period of six weeks. Dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) was applied to study the HCC pattern. The chemical properties of the three phantoms are uniform. Density was stable for all phantom concentrations and of course was lowest in concentration 2.5 wt%. The change observed in T1 over six weeks was 8.15%, 13.07% and 9.98%, while the change in T2 was 12.37%, 19.40% and 10.27% in the concentrations of 2.5, 4.0 and 5.0 wt%, respectively. HCC samples behaved in a typical pattern after application of DCE and the smallest detection size using the Dixon sequence was 1 cm. The study succeeded in fabricating HCC with a dynamic phantom of the liver with the application of DCE on HCC in different stages.
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research, 2020
and their implications for prognosis and diagnosis as biomarkers imaging are discussed. Furthermo... more and their implications for prognosis and diagnosis as biomarkers imaging are discussed. Furthermore, the significant findings of HCC staging during the multistep hepatocarcinogenesis are summarized through histopathology and MRI. The review also provides a good Knowledge about early HCC diagnosis, MRI contrast agents, the functional imaging application through MRI include diffusionweighted sequences, perfusion imaging, radionics analysis, and hepatobiliary contrast agents.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma - Challenges and Opportunities of a Multidisciplinary Approach, 2021
Liver phantom is used at various medical levels, such as detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)... more Liver phantom is used at various medical levels, such as detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the early stages, training medical staff to deal with HCC by taking biopsies, developing new sequences on medical imaging devices, confirming the image quality, applying treatments to HCC, and others. All of the trials should be applied before entering the real human body. The phantom includes properties very similar to those of the human body, as well as the properties of liver cancer and how it is treated within the body through its biological form. Therefore, the present chapter aims to provide comprehensive information to consider when fabricating HCC-containing phantoms and the characteristics of those phantoms in proportion to multimodal medical imaging to aid in understanding the main target of dynamic phantom for HCC.
Atlas Journal of Biology, 2020
In the digital radiology system, radiologic technologists (RTs) can choose imaging parameters to ... more In the digital radiology system, radiologic technologists (RTs) can choose imaging parameters to include kVp and mAs. The RTs received feedback after acquisition of an image in the form of Exposure Index (EI). The aim of the current study was to check if the EI values are within the range values recommended by the manufacturer (MREI) for radiological examinations that include the chest, abdomen, pelvis, spine, and extremities. Data was collected from 3,000 adult X-ray examinations taken from several government hospitals in Palestine. The information included patient gender, kVp, mAs, EI values, and examination time. All examinations included in the study used the grid. While the study excluded all images that contained an implant or prosthesis. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the data, while the Mann–Whitney U test was used to detect statistically significant differences, P < 0.05. Some examinations showed the EI values outside the MREI ranges. The EIs in the...