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Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid
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Papers by naima hafid
American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2015
This paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of water scale found in water distributi... more This paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of water scale found in water distribution system of Taliouine city in the south of Morocco. Physico-chemical properties of drinking water supplied to the city were evaluated. The data showed a high level of soluble salt in water. Concentrations were calcium 108-143 mg/1, magnesium 80-96 mg/1, bicarbonate 660-750 mg/l and hardness degree 660-690 mg CaCO 3 /l. The water samples contain high amounts of minerals in the form of ions, especially the metals calcium and bicarbonate, which precipitated out and caused problems in water conducting or storing vessels like pipes. Scales were removed from the inside of two old pipes which transported drinking and hot water in the downtown of Taliouine city. Scale samples were investigated by XRF, XRD, SEM, DTA, TGA and SEM's analytical techniques. This study was able to identify scales formed in pipes of water distribution systems. It was found that water scale in this city contains 53% of calcium oxide and 43% of organic matter. The XRD and SEM results revealed that calcite was the main crystalline structure in drinking water scale. Nevertheless, scale deposited in hot water pipe is well crystalline with peaks corresponding mostly to aragonite (88%) along with calcite (12%). The thermal behavior of scale samples confirms that calcium carbonate was the main compound in the scale samples. Further studies are needed to find an efficient antiscale in drinking water of this city.
Le Journal de Physique IV, 2001
The household refuse of Agadir city have a high level of moisture and contain large amount of org... more The household refuse of Agadir city have a high level of moisture and contain large amount of organic materials witch can be used in agriculture. Nevertheless, the plastic waste account for about 10.7% percent by weight of domestic waste and poses an inconvenient to physical characteristics of the municipal solid waste compost. This work aims to sort by resin type various plastics packaging by using differential scanning calorimetry and to evaluate their heat of combustion by thermometric calorimetry. Experimental results chow a significant part of polyethylene containers that can be recycled. The plastics with very small volume chow a very heterogeneous composition but have a high heat value, approximately two times greater than to heat released by wood. Plastics burn with very little ash but most environmental concerns associated with their combustion have been related to gas emissions. Those are analysed by gas chromatography.
American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2015
This paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of water scale found in water distributi... more This paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of water scale found in water distribution system of Taliouine city in the south of Morocco. Physico-chemical properties of drinking water supplied to the city were evaluated. The data showed a high level of soluble salt in water. Concentrations were calcium 108-143 mg/1, magnesium 80-96 mg/1, bicarbonate 660-750 mg/l and hardness degree 660-690 mg CaCO 3 /l. The water samples contain high amounts of minerals in the form of ions, especially the metals calcium and bicarbonate, which precipitated out and caused problems in water conducting or storing vessels like pipes. Scales were removed from the inside of two old pipes which transported drinking and hot water in the downtown of Taliouine city. Scale samples were investigated by XRF, XRD, SEM, DTA, TGA and SEM's analytical techniques. This study was able to identify scales formed in pipes of water distribution systems. It was found that water scale in this city contains 53% of calcium oxide and 43% of organic matter. The XRD and SEM results revealed that calcite was the main crystalline structure in drinking water scale. Nevertheless, scale deposited in hot water pipe is well crystalline with peaks corresponding mostly to aragonite (88%) along with calcite (12%). The thermal behavior of scale samples confirms that calcium carbonate was the main compound in the scale samples. Further studies are needed to find an efficient antiscale in drinking water of this city.
Le Journal de Physique IV, 2001
The household refuse of Agadir city have a high level of moisture and contain large amount of org... more The household refuse of Agadir city have a high level of moisture and contain large amount of organic materials witch can be used in agriculture. Nevertheless, the plastic waste account for about 10.7% percent by weight of domestic waste and poses an inconvenient to physical characteristics of the municipal solid waste compost. This work aims to sort by resin type various plastics packaging by using differential scanning calorimetry and to evaluate their heat of combustion by thermometric calorimetry. Experimental results chow a significant part of polyethylene containers that can be recycled. The plastics with very small volume chow a very heterogeneous composition but have a high heat value, approximately two times greater than to heat released by wood. Plastics burn with very little ash but most environmental concerns associated with their combustion have been related to gas emissions. Those are analysed by gas chromatography.