naira ashraf - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by naira ashraf

Today, the number of text documents in digital form is progressively increasing and text categori... more Today, the number of text documents in digital form is progressively increasing and text categorization becomes the key technology of dealing with organizing text data. A major problem of text categorization is a huge-scale number of features. Most of those are useless, irrelevant or redundant for text categorization. Therefore, these features can decrease the classification performance. In order to eliminate this deficiency, feature selection is often used in text categorization for the purpose of reducing the dimensionality of the feature space and improving the performance of text categorization. In this study, in order to improve the performance of text categorization, a hybrid approach is suggested based on x 2 statistic, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and principal component analysis (PCA). In this context, initially, each term within the document is ranked depending on their importance for the classification using x 2 statistic method and, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and principal component analysis (PCA) feature selection and feature extraction methods are applied separately on the terms of which importance are ranked in decreasing order and dimension reduction is carried out. In this way, during the text categorization, less importance terms are ignored, feature selection and feature extraction methods are applied on the highest importance terms, and cost of computational time and complexity to be occurred in the course of the application are reduced. To evaluate the effectiveness of purposed model, experiments were conducted using K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and C4.5 decision tree algorithm on Reuters-21578 and Classic3 datasets collection for text categorization. The experimental evaluation showed that the proposed model was effective for text categorization.

An experiment was conducted to find out the effect of different mulches on canopy temperature, so... more An experiment was conducted to find out the effect of different mulches on canopy temperature, soil moisture content, growth, yield and quality of cherry (Prunus avium L.) during 2009–11 at CITH, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. Twenty-one selections of Bigarreau Noir Grossa (Mishri), Bigarreau Napoleon (Double), Guigne Pourpera Precoca (Awal Number), Guigne Noir Hative (Makhmali), Lambert and Lapins were planted at 2.5 cm × 2.5 m spacing for evaluation. Maximum trunk circumference (47.44 cm) was reported in Makhmali (V4) and inorganic mulch (M2). Maximum tree height (2.62 m), annual shoot extension (74.88 cm), fruit weight (8.30 g) and fruit length (24.81) were observed in treatment combination of Makhmali(V4) and organic mulch (M1). The mean comparison of combined treatments of variety and mulch type showed that inorganic mulch (M2) showed positive effects on primary branch girth. The interaction effect of Stella (V1) and organic mulch resulted in highest yield/plant (13.24 kg) and to...

African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2013

A field study on pecan nut (cv. Western Schley) was conducted in the experimental orchard of the ... more A field study on pecan nut (cv. Western Schley) was conducted in the experimental orchard of the Department of Fruit science, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan during the year 2008 to 2009. The study comprised of one experiment in which pecan trees under investigation were subjected to foliar spray of 0.5% urea, 0.1% boric acid, 0.5%, zinc sulphate, 5 ml/L supramino and their combinations. The results revealed that the foliar application of 0.5% urea, 0.1% boric acid, 0.5%, zinc sulphate and 5 ml/L supramino resulted in better nut quality in comparison to control. It was found that leaf nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) were also recorded maximum in trees treated with 0.5% urea+0.1% boric acid+0.5% zinc sulphate+5 ml/L supramino. Maximum leaf iron content was recorded in trees treated with 0.5% urea and 5 ml/L supramino whereas, trees sprayed with 0.5% urea, 0.1% boric acid, 0.5% zinc sulphate and 5 ml/L supramino was found to have highest l...

Environment and Ecology, 2012

BIOINFOLET - A Quarterly Journal of Life Sciences, 2014

A linear increase in leaf and fruit N content with increase in pruning was observed. Phosphorus a... more A linear increase in leaf and fruit N content with increase in pruning was observed. Phosphorus and potassium contents in leaf and fruit increased when pruning was performed whereas calcium exhibited decreasing trend with pruning. There was increase in nitrogen content with increased levels of fertilizer N application. Potassium at lowest level recorded maximum N, P and Ca content of leaves. Strong pruning coupled with highest level of nitrogen increased leaf and fruit nitrogen. However, pruning and nitrogen at moderate levels enhanced leaf P and K.

The effect of foliar application of nitrogen, boric acid, zinc and Supramino on growth, phenology... more The effect of foliar application of nitrogen, boric acid, zinc and Supramino on growth, phenology and yield of pecan nut were studied in an experiment where pecan trees were subjected to foliar spray of 0.5% urea, 0.1% boric acid, 0.5% zinc sulphate, 5 ml/l Supramino and their combinations. The experiment was laid down in randomized block design with twelve treatments and three replications. The results revealed that the foliar application of 0.5% urea, 0.1% boric acid, 0.5% zinc sulphate and 5 ml/l Supramino was most effective to increase the vegetative growth and yield of plants. The highest tree growth (1.75 m), flowering (59.59%), fruit set (35.51 %), fruit retention (44.32%) and yield (9.03 kg tree -1 ) in comparison to control and other treatments.

Prunus, 2020

Paclobutrazol (PBZ; IUPAC name: (2RS, 3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4, 4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1, 2, 4-triazol... more Paclobutrazol (PBZ; IUPAC name: (2RS, 3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4, 4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl) pentan-3-ol) is a triazol derivative and an antagonist of gibberellins. It has been shown to inhibit shoot growth in various perennial fruit trees. Paclobutrazol application reduced the number of shoots, transforming trees into a more desirable, spur-type growth habit as the vegetative sink was reduced. This compound induces an early and intense flowering, diminishing vegetative growth and reducing the extension of buds, allowing for ripening and the initiation of apical buds inflorescence. Besides, it also increases fruit set, the years following application as a carryover effect. An increase in return bloom is a common response to paclobutrazol treatment and has been reported for various fruit crops. Paclobutrazol is widely used to advance harvest maturity in various fruit crops and it improves fruit quality in terms of accelerated colour development, delayed and synchronized fr...

In India, peach occupies third rank after apple and pear in terms of area and production among te... more In India, peach occupies third rank after apple and pear in terms of area and production among temperate fruits. It is grown commercially in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. In limited scale, it is also grown in the hills of south India and northeastern parts of the country. Low chilling peaches are also grown in sub-mountainous regions of Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh. Rootstock influences various characteristics of the scion cultivar. New rootstocks with desirable characteristics are needed the world over under climatic change scenario. Breeding programmes are presently active the world over for the selection of such rootstocks. Number of new peach rootstocks have been evolved which can be adopted under varied climatic conditions. Some of these are Bailey, Lovel, Stark Red Leaf, Penta, Garnem, Kuban 86, Sharpe and Greenpac etc.

Investigation on “Effect of paclobutrazol and summe r pruning on growth, yield and quality of app... more Investigation on “Effect of paclobutrazol and summe r pruning on growth, yield and quality of apple cv. Red Delicious” was carried out in the experimental orchard of Division of Fruit Science, Sher-e-Kashmir Universit y of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar during the years 20 11 and 2012. Above twenty five years old trees of apple cv. Red Delicious with uni form vigour and health under uniform cultural practices were selected for the experiment . The selected trees were sprayed with paclobutrazol at (250 ppm, 500 ppm and 750 ppm) fou r weeks after full bloom followed by summer pruning (I and II) eight and twelve weeks after full bloom, respectively. Vegetative and phenological stages of the fruit tre es were recorded and the fruit samples with respect to size, weight, volume, colour change , firmness, organoleptic rating, physiological loss in weight, spoilage, acid conten t, total soluble solids, sugars (total, reducing and non-reducing sugars) and calcium c...

The Asian Journal of Horticulture, 2012

omegranate (Punica granatum L.)is a small tree cultivated in Iran, Spain, Egypt, Baluchistan, Rus... more omegranate (Punica granatum L.)is a small tree cultivated in Iran, Spain, Egypt, Baluchistan, Russia, France, Argentina, Iraq, Afghanistan and India. It also exists in wild/semi-wild in Syria, Mt. Carmel, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir (Himalayan ranges of mountains) of India. Generally, flowering in pomegranate is characterized as having both hermaphroditic (bisexual) flowers and functionally male flowers on the same plant, a condition referred to as andromonoecy (Wetzstein et al., 2011). In Himachal Pradesh, pomegranate is mainly cultivated under rainfed conditions and flowering occurs in April-May, when high temperature is an issue. Application of plant growth regulators can influence the sex expression and distribution of flower types in pomegranate. Gibberellic acid induced more male flowers and reduced hermaphrodite flowers, whereas ethrel and maleic hydrazide induced more hermaphrodite and fewer male flowers. Optimizing cultural conditions may be a means to promote th...

Scientific Research and Essays, 2013

during the year 2008 to 2009. The experiment consisted of 19 treatments with three replications. ... more during the year 2008 to 2009. The experiment consisted of 19 treatments with three replications. The pomegranate trees cv. kandhari kabuli under investigation were subjected to foliar spray of biostimulants viz. vipul, spic cytozyme, homobrassinolides, biozyme crop plus, vipul + homobrassinolides and control. The study was conducted to determine the effect of plant biostimulants on cracking and quality of fruits. Cracking is a disorder where fruit surface cracks mainly due to heavy irrigation or rain after long dry spell. This may occur due to varietal characters, orchard soil management, inappropriate levels of water at maturity stage, light, temperature and micro-nutrient deficiency. The results revealed that the highest fruit length, diameter, weight, volume and minimum fruit cracking were recorded in trees treated with spic cytozyme (4 ml/l). The highest intensity in ground and over colour were observed with the application of Vipul 15 ml/l.

International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Biotechnology, 2013

The experiment consisted of 19 treatments with three replications. The pomegranate trees under in... more The experiment consisted of 19 treatments with three replications. The pomegranate trees under investigation were subjected to different concentrations of biostimulants viz. Vipul (TRIA) (

Applied Biological Research, 2015

The study was aimed to assess the effect of different levels of paclobutrazol and summer pruning ... more The study was aimed to assess the effect of different levels of paclobutrazol and summer pruning on fruit quality of apple cv. ‘Red Delicious’. The experiment was conducted at SKUAST-K, Shalimar (J&K) during 2012 and 2013 on apple trees of >15 years age, spaced at 5.49 × 5.49 m distance. The experiment was laid in a completely randomized block design with paclobutrazol spray tested at 3 concentrations (250, 500 and 750 ppm) and summer pruning at 2 timings (8 and 12 weeks after full bloom) and their combinations. Highest yield of 101.0 kg tree−1 was obtained in treatment 750 ppm paclobutrazol + 2 summer prunings in comparison to control. In addition, it significantly improved fruit size (53.15 cm), weight (188.19 g), volume (188.12 cm3), colour change (3.40 score), firmness (11.98 kg cm−2), organoleptic rating in terms of taste (3.14 score), texture (3.24 score), flavour (3.12 score) and total soluble solids (14.47°B) whereas acidity (0.23%) was reduced in comparison to control and other treatments during both the years.

African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2014

Pruning has been practiced for ages in controlling tree size because it has much less stimulating... more Pruning has been practiced for ages in controlling tree size because it has much less stimulating effect on shoot re-growth. The pruning is done to restrict excessive vegetative growth and to maintain a balance between leaf/fruit ratio, fruit size, fruit colour and other quality attributes. Excessive tree vigour can reduce flower bud formation, fruit set and result in reduced fruit quality. Summer pruning by removing the vigorous growing shoots increase the light intensity in cropping zone and colour intensity. Late summer pruning also reduce the growth due to reduction in photosynthetic capacity and ultimately carbohydrate reserve by reducing the leaf area index and the spread of the canopy.

International Journal of Horticulture, 2014

Effect of intercrops viz., maize, pea, strawberry, cabbage, red clover, french bean, oats and cle... more Effect of intercrops viz., maize, pea, strawberry, cabbage, red clover, french bean, oats and clean cultivation (control) on productivity, quality, leaf nutrient status and relative economic yield of apple cv. Red Delicious was studied during the years 2008 and 2009 Flowering, per cent fruit set, and fruit maturity occurred earlier in apple trees intercropped with pea, red clover and french bean than control and heavy feeder crops like maize, oats, strawberry and cabbage. Fruit yield, fruit weight, fruit volume and leaf nutrient status were found to be highest in trees intercropped with leguminous crops than non-legumes. The relative economic yield of apple was found higher with pea followed by cabbage and french bean.

International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology

Paclobutrazol and summer pruning can restrict vegetative growth and improve productivity and frui... more Paclobutrazol and summer pruning can restrict vegetative growth and improve productivity and fruit quality in apple. The present experiment was carried out during two successive seasons on Red Delicious cultivar of apple. The study was carried out in a randomized block design with sixteen treatments and three replications. The trees were > 15 years old grown in experimental orchard of Division of Fruit Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, spaced at 5.49 × 5.49 metre distance. The study was aimed to show the effect of different concentrations of paclobutrazol along with different levels of pruning on fruit quality. With increase in paclobutrazol concentration and pruning levels, an increase in TSS, TSS/acid ratio, anthocyanin, sugars, fruit calcium and improvement in fruit grade was observed with decrease in fruit acidity.