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Papers by nandish manoli

International journal of engineering research and technology, 2018

Breast cancer develops from breast tissue when cells in the region grow out of control. Signs of ... more Breast cancer develops from breast tissue when cells in the region grow out of control. Signs of Breast Cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in the breast shape, dimpling of skin, fluid coming from the nipple or a red scaly patch of the skin. The objective of this paper is to find the smallest set of features which can be used from the available Wisconsin Breast Cancer (WBC) Data set using supervised learning methods to detect breast cancer. For classification, the Breast cancer data is classified using Naive Bayes Classifier and Support Vector Machine (SVM) Classifier. Further the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), a Dimensionality Reduction technique (DRT) is used to obtain the smallest subset of features to get better performance measures to classify the data as either benign or malignant.

International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology, Mar 26, 2019

Placenta previa is a major cause of vaginal bleeding in the late 2 nd and 3 rd trimester. It clin... more Placenta previa is a major cause of vaginal bleeding in the late 2 nd and 3 rd trimester. It clinically presents as causeless, painless and recurrent bleeding of varying amount. It occurs in 2.8/1000 and 3.9/1000 in singleton and twin pregnancies respectively. 1 Classification of placenta previa: 2 • Type 1 (Low lying): Major part of the placenta is in the upper segment while only the lower margin encroaches onto the lower uterine segment but not up to the OS. • Type 2 (Marginal): Placenta reaches the internal os bot does not cover it.

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

In India, there are 20.2 per 100000 new cases of Cervical Cancer diagnosed and 11.1 per 100000 de... more In India, there are 20.2 per 100000 new cases of Cervical Cancer diagnosed and 11.1 per 100000 deaths annually accounting for more than one fifths of global cervical cancer deaths. [1] Thus, due to an absence of a national immunization program to cover human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and lack of accessible cervical cancer screening, the disease is characterized by late detection, lack of access to affordable and quality health care, and high mortality rates. [2] Add about ancillary technique like use of immunomarker p16 on mlbc. The aim of this study is establishing that MLBC with p16 immunomarker is very effective in screening for cervical cancer as it overcomes the major setbacks like inadequate sampling, drying artefacts and obscuring blood which are seen in conventional PAP smear technique. .

Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2015

Tropical Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 2018

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide and leading ca... more Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide and leading causes of cancer deaths amongst women. Cell blocks prepared from liquid-based specimens can serve as a useful adjunct and cell blocks can be further subjected for ancillary molecular techniques. Materials and Methods: In the present study 60 cell blocks were prepared from Manual liquid-basedcytology (MLBC) specimen collected in liquid fixative. Results were compared with cytology smears and histopathological correlation was obtained in 19 cases. P16 and Ki67 were used whenever required. Results: In the present study out of 60 cases of cell blocks 10 cases had no deposit. Of the other 50 cases, 7 cases (14%) were neoplastic and 43(86%) were non-neoplastic. The sensitivity and specificity of cell block, LBC and CPS were 75% and 93%, 66% and 84%, 50% and 70% respectively for neoplastic lesions of cervix. Concordance Rate of CB/Histopathology Vs CPS/Histopathology is 74% vs. 54%. Ki 67 and p16INK4a were used whenever sample was sufficient. Conclusion: In the present study we found that cell blocks prepared from the LBC specimens aid in the diagnosis of neoplastic lesions of cervix and are particularly valuable in distinguishing carcinoma cervix from intraepithelial lesions. Cell blocks can be further subjected to ancillary tools like immunohistochemistry and HPV-DNA testing.

Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11, 2022

A case of migration of intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) into the peritoneal cavity diagno... more A case of migration of intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) into the peritoneal cavity diagnosed following pregnancy is presented here. It had to be retrieved by laparoscopic approach. The complications of lost IUCD are discussed, and the need for regular follow-up post-insertion for an early diagnosis of perforation and its complication is emphasized.

With 528000 new cases every year, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting wome... more With 528000 new cases every year, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women worldwide, after breast, colorectal, and lung cancers; it is most notable in the lower-resource countries of sub-Saharan Africa. It is also the fourth most common c Liquidbased cytology has recently become an alternative to conventional pap smears in the detection of intraepithelial lesions as well as in invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Several reports have discussed its benefits to cytologic diagnosis. In most of these reports, a significant rise in sensitivity was achieved with liquid-based procedures, without major losses in specificity. a use of cancer death (266000 deaths in 2012) in women worldwide. LBC reduces the proportion of inadequate smears, caused by obscuring factors like blood and inflammation. It leads to an increase in the number of cellular abnormalities detected because it forms a mono-layered suspension of cells with minimal over-lapping. LBC reduces the sc...

Journal of Evolution of medical and Dental Sciences, 2015

BACKGROUND: An association has been reported with presence of endometrial cells on cervical smear... more BACKGROUND: An association has been reported with presence of endometrial cells on cervical smears and clinically significant uterine lesions. Hence for early detection of endometrial pathology, the 2001 Bethesda system has suggested the mandatory reporting of presence of any atypical endometrial cells regardless of age and menstrual status and out of phase normal looking endometrial cells in women aged 40 years or more. OBJECTIVES: To assess the association between atypical glandular cells of endometrial origin in cervical cytology and histopathological findings in abnormal uterine bleeding cases. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The study was conducted at JSS hospital, Mysore in the department of pathology. This was a descriptive type of study. The sample was collected from patients attending the gynecology OPD with the complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding in JSS hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Smears for cervical cytology are collected using either pap smear or manual liquid based smear ...

Cytology is a new field of rapid cost effective screening method of cervical cancer. It has becom... more Cytology is a new field of rapid cost effective screening method of cervical cancer. It has become a major help in diagnosis of cervical conditions in women from poor resource countries. This concept of screening will help to control cervical cancer at an early stage and save women of morbidity and mortality. Latest concepts in diagnosis of HPV, the causative organism in cervical cancers by using liquid based cytology, cell block, PCR and IHC has been highlighted in the book.

Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer in women, and the seventh overall, with an ... more Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer in women, and the seventh overall, with an estimated 528,000 new cases in 2012 Although the annual number of cases has increased, cancer of the cervix has declined in relative importance: it was the second most common cancer of women in 1975. In addition, the incidence and mortality of CC is variable within lowand middle-income countries (LMIC). In India, there are 20.2 per 100000 new cases of CC diagnosed and 11.1 per 100000 deaths annually, accounting for more than one fifth of the global CC deaths. In sub-Saharan Africa, 34.8 per 100000 women are diagnosed with CC annually and 22.5 per 100000 women die from this disease. Therefore, various cost effective methods are required besides conventional pap smear screening to detect cervical cancer in low resource settings. Various other methods are being introduced in low and middle income countries (LMIC) to improve detection at low cost. The tests discussed are manual liquid based ...

New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2, 2021

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a commonly encountered complaint in gynecology department. End... more Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a commonly encountered complaint in gynecology department. Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in women and the most frequent gynecological cancer in developed countries. With 5,28, 000 new cases every year, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women worldwide, after breast, colorectal, and lung cancers. Though the cytological examination has been the mainstay for early detection of cervical cancer, and found to be useful in detection of endometrial cancer, its widespread use has not been possible in the developing countries due to paucity of resources, man power and other facilities Its sensitivity reduces to less than 50% when there is presence of obscuring blood, inflammation or thick areas of overlapping epithelial cells. Manual Liquid Based Cytology (MLBC) is a cost effective technique that enables cells to be suspended in a monolayer and thus improve detection of precursor lesions and specimen adequacy. The residual sample can be used for other tests like Cell block and immunocytochemistry. Objectives: 1. Toimprove the diagnosis of gynecological cancers by a method called as Manual Liquid Based Cytology (MLBC). 2. To study a cost effective method of studying both endometrial and cervical cancer with help of ancillary techniques like cellblock, immunocytochemistry 3To compare the findings between conventional pap smear (CPS) and MLBC in detection of gynecological conditions of endometrium and cervix. Methodology: Samples were collected using Ayres spatula by split sample technique from transformation zone of cervix which included outpatients of gynecology dept. The women were aged between 20-60 years, 82 cases with bleeding history were taken to study endometrial pathology, while 100 cases of white discharge per vagina were selected to study the cervix. 60 cases were later subjected to ancillary studies like cellblock with Immunocytochemistry. Histopathological correlation was done for cases wherever possible. Results: The study on endometruim showed MLBC is more sensitive and specific than CPS in diagnosis of malignant lesions. The contingency coefficient for LBC/Histopathology V/s CPS/Histopathology was 0.572 V/s 0.556. It was observed for cervical lesion that increased detection rate was 150% for low grade intraepithelial lesion. The Positive predictive value for diagnosing neoplastic lesions on cell blocks was 75%, while Concordance Rate of CB/Histopathology Vs CPS/Histopathology was 74% vs. 54%. Conclusion: MLBC is a cost effective method for detections of cancerous lesions of endometruim andcervix. It has been found to be useful in both Endometrial and cervical cytology in increasing the detection of infection and neoplastic conditions of female genital tract.

Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2020

Background: Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a very rare cause of secondary postpartum... more Background: Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a very rare cause of secondary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) which might present along with retained products of conception (RPOC). Despite being a rare entity, it is a life-threatening condition and hence high degree of suspicion is required for prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment as certain procedures, such as instrumental evacuation, commonly performed for RPOC could be devastating. With the recent advancements, color Doppler ultrasonography has become a preferred noninvasive method for diagnosing AVM though angiography remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Case description: This case report describes a 36-year-old multiparous woman who presented 3 weeks after delivery by lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) with secondary PPH. Transabdominal ultrasound (TAS) revealed an involuting uterus with an ill-defined hypoechoic area within the myometrium adjacent to the endometrium with significant intrinsic vascularity raising the suspicion of placenta accreta. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast was performed for confirmation which showed an AVM with coexistent RPOC. Since the patient did not give consent for uterine artery embolization which was offered to her during counseling, hysterectomy was carried out. Histopathological diagnosis of uterine AVM was conclusive. Conclusion: Arteriovenous malformation, although a rare entity, should be ruled out in a patient presenting with hemorrhage after delivery/ miscarriage even if the imaging shows the presence of RPOC by the diagnostic modalities available so that appropriate treatment can be instituted.

Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 2018

In this paper, we propose a novel method to classify Breast Lesions based on minute changes in th... more In this paper, we propose a novel method to classify Breast Lesions based on minute changes in the cell and nuclear features of the cell. It is important to note these changes as they play a significant role in diagnosis and the line of treatment by an oncologist. To overcome the problem of inter-observer variability the method of scoring is used to grade the lesions considered for the study. We have used the Modified Masood Score and designed an algorithm which classifies a given breast lesion into 6 classes namely Benign, Intermediate class-1,Intermediate class-2, Malignant class-1,Malignant class-2 and Malignant class-3. We have developed a sensitive model using the feed-forward neural network and Pattern Network to achieve the above objective. The Rank of the features is observed using ReliefF Algorithm.

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2017

BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide and the leading... more BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer deaths amongst women. Early detection is possible by cervical screening. Liquid-based cytology and Cell blocks prepared from residue can be useful adjuncts to smears for establishing a more definitive cytopathological diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a descriptive study. The present study was undertaken to prepare liquid-based smears and cell blocks from Liquid-based cytology specimens to aid in the diagnosis of Pap smears and to correlate with histopathology wherever possible. The study was undertaken in the period from July 2011 to July 2013. Total of 60 conventional Pap smears were obtained. Sample size was selected conveniently. In the present study, 60 cell blocks were prepared from MLBC specimen collected in a liquid fixative. Results were compared with cytology smears and histopathological correlation was obtained in 19 cases. RESULTS In the present study, out of 60 cases of cell blocks, 10 cases had no deposit. Of the other 50 cases, 7 cases (14%) were neoplastic and 43 (86%) were non-neoplastic. The sensitivity and specificity of cell block, LBC and CPS were 75% and 93%, 66% and 84%, 50% and 70% respectively for neoplastic lesions of cervix. Concordance Rate of CB/Histopathology vs. CPS/Histopathology is 74% vs. 54%. CONCLUSION In the present study, we found that cell blocks prepared from the LBC specimens aid in the diagnosis of neoplastic lesions of cervix and are particularly valuable in distinguishing carcinoma cervix from intraepithelial lesions. Cell blocks can be further subjected to ancillary tools like immunohistochemistry and HPV-DNA testing.

Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, 2018

Cervical cancer is the 4th most common cancer in women in low to middle income group countries (L... more Cervical cancer is the 4th most common cancer in women in low to middle income group countries (LMIC). Various methods for screening cervical cancer are practiced, such as the Conventional Pap Smear (CPS), Liquid Based Cytology with its ancillary techniques like Cell Block with immunocytochemistry. VIA is another method which is being advocated as a primary screening tool. Molecular diagnostics such as use of HPV DNA testing has been at the forefront of the screening programs. In the present study, we have utilized all the above methods by using cost effective in-house procedures to explore their possible utility in the clinical settings. We found them useful with need for more work and training of personnel for better diagnosis of cervical cancer.

Science Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2015

Cyto Histo Correlation of Atypical Glandular Cells of Endometrial Origin on Cervical Cytology in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Cases, Nov 2, 2015

Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2013

Poster presentations Result We analysed a total of 21,335 tests in intervention and 13,992 in con... more Poster presentations Result We analysed a total of 21,335 tests in intervention and 13,992 in control clinics. In clinics with 12-15 months intervention period (11 clinics), annual testing has increased by 47% (from 15.1% to 22.3%) in females, 88% (from 6.3% to 11.9%) in males and 61% overall (from 11.6% to 18.7%). After increasing from 7.9% to 11.8% in the first 12 months, control clinic testing dropped to 9.7% in 2012. The relative risk of testing in intervention compared with control clinics is 1.9 (95% CI: 1.8, 2.0). Of 2876 testing positive, 38% retest within 3 months and of those testing negative, 22% retest within 12 months in both trial arms. Conclusions Nearly twice as many are being tested in the intervention and testing rates are increasing. The high participation rate of clinics in all towns puts the study in a strong position to determine if a pragmatic intervention can reduce chlamydia prevalence.

International journal of engineering research and technology, 2018

Breast cancer develops from breast tissue when cells in the region grow out of control. Signs of ... more Breast cancer develops from breast tissue when cells in the region grow out of control. Signs of Breast Cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in the breast shape, dimpling of skin, fluid coming from the nipple or a red scaly patch of the skin. The objective of this paper is to find the smallest set of features which can be used from the available Wisconsin Breast Cancer (WBC) Data set using supervised learning methods to detect breast cancer. For classification, the Breast cancer data is classified using Naive Bayes Classifier and Support Vector Machine (SVM) Classifier. Further the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), a Dimensionality Reduction technique (DRT) is used to obtain the smallest subset of features to get better performance measures to classify the data as either benign or malignant.

International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology, Mar 26, 2019

Placenta previa is a major cause of vaginal bleeding in the late 2 nd and 3 rd trimester. It clin... more Placenta previa is a major cause of vaginal bleeding in the late 2 nd and 3 rd trimester. It clinically presents as causeless, painless and recurrent bleeding of varying amount. It occurs in 2.8/1000 and 3.9/1000 in singleton and twin pregnancies respectively. 1 Classification of placenta previa: 2 • Type 1 (Low lying): Major part of the placenta is in the upper segment while only the lower margin encroaches onto the lower uterine segment but not up to the OS. • Type 2 (Marginal): Placenta reaches the internal os bot does not cover it.

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

In India, there are 20.2 per 100000 new cases of Cervical Cancer diagnosed and 11.1 per 100000 de... more In India, there are 20.2 per 100000 new cases of Cervical Cancer diagnosed and 11.1 per 100000 deaths annually accounting for more than one fifths of global cervical cancer deaths. [1] Thus, due to an absence of a national immunization program to cover human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and lack of accessible cervical cancer screening, the disease is characterized by late detection, lack of access to affordable and quality health care, and high mortality rates. [2] Add about ancillary technique like use of immunomarker p16 on mlbc. The aim of this study is establishing that MLBC with p16 immunomarker is very effective in screening for cervical cancer as it overcomes the major setbacks like inadequate sampling, drying artefacts and obscuring blood which are seen in conventional PAP smear technique. .

Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2015

Tropical Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 2018

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide and leading ca... more Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide and leading causes of cancer deaths amongst women. Cell blocks prepared from liquid-based specimens can serve as a useful adjunct and cell blocks can be further subjected for ancillary molecular techniques. Materials and Methods: In the present study 60 cell blocks were prepared from Manual liquid-basedcytology (MLBC) specimen collected in liquid fixative. Results were compared with cytology smears and histopathological correlation was obtained in 19 cases. P16 and Ki67 were used whenever required. Results: In the present study out of 60 cases of cell blocks 10 cases had no deposit. Of the other 50 cases, 7 cases (14%) were neoplastic and 43(86%) were non-neoplastic. The sensitivity and specificity of cell block, LBC and CPS were 75% and 93%, 66% and 84%, 50% and 70% respectively for neoplastic lesions of cervix. Concordance Rate of CB/Histopathology Vs CPS/Histopathology is 74% vs. 54%. Ki 67 and p16INK4a were used whenever sample was sufficient. Conclusion: In the present study we found that cell blocks prepared from the LBC specimens aid in the diagnosis of neoplastic lesions of cervix and are particularly valuable in distinguishing carcinoma cervix from intraepithelial lesions. Cell blocks can be further subjected to ancillary tools like immunohistochemistry and HPV-DNA testing.

Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11, 2022

A case of migration of intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) into the peritoneal cavity diagno... more A case of migration of intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) into the peritoneal cavity diagnosed following pregnancy is presented here. It had to be retrieved by laparoscopic approach. The complications of lost IUCD are discussed, and the need for regular follow-up post-insertion for an early diagnosis of perforation and its complication is emphasized.

With 528000 new cases every year, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting wome... more With 528000 new cases every year, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women worldwide, after breast, colorectal, and lung cancers; it is most notable in the lower-resource countries of sub-Saharan Africa. It is also the fourth most common c Liquidbased cytology has recently become an alternative to conventional pap smears in the detection of intraepithelial lesions as well as in invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Several reports have discussed its benefits to cytologic diagnosis. In most of these reports, a significant rise in sensitivity was achieved with liquid-based procedures, without major losses in specificity. a use of cancer death (266000 deaths in 2012) in women worldwide. LBC reduces the proportion of inadequate smears, caused by obscuring factors like blood and inflammation. It leads to an increase in the number of cellular abnormalities detected because it forms a mono-layered suspension of cells with minimal over-lapping. LBC reduces the sc...

Journal of Evolution of medical and Dental Sciences, 2015

BACKGROUND: An association has been reported with presence of endometrial cells on cervical smear... more BACKGROUND: An association has been reported with presence of endometrial cells on cervical smears and clinically significant uterine lesions. Hence for early detection of endometrial pathology, the 2001 Bethesda system has suggested the mandatory reporting of presence of any atypical endometrial cells regardless of age and menstrual status and out of phase normal looking endometrial cells in women aged 40 years or more. OBJECTIVES: To assess the association between atypical glandular cells of endometrial origin in cervical cytology and histopathological findings in abnormal uterine bleeding cases. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The study was conducted at JSS hospital, Mysore in the department of pathology. This was a descriptive type of study. The sample was collected from patients attending the gynecology OPD with the complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding in JSS hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Smears for cervical cytology are collected using either pap smear or manual liquid based smear ...

Cytology is a new field of rapid cost effective screening method of cervical cancer. It has becom... more Cytology is a new field of rapid cost effective screening method of cervical cancer. It has become a major help in diagnosis of cervical conditions in women from poor resource countries. This concept of screening will help to control cervical cancer at an early stage and save women of morbidity and mortality. Latest concepts in diagnosis of HPV, the causative organism in cervical cancers by using liquid based cytology, cell block, PCR and IHC has been highlighted in the book.

Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer in women, and the seventh overall, with an ... more Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer in women, and the seventh overall, with an estimated 528,000 new cases in 2012 Although the annual number of cases has increased, cancer of the cervix has declined in relative importance: it was the second most common cancer of women in 1975. In addition, the incidence and mortality of CC is variable within lowand middle-income countries (LMIC). In India, there are 20.2 per 100000 new cases of CC diagnosed and 11.1 per 100000 deaths annually, accounting for more than one fifth of the global CC deaths. In sub-Saharan Africa, 34.8 per 100000 women are diagnosed with CC annually and 22.5 per 100000 women die from this disease. Therefore, various cost effective methods are required besides conventional pap smear screening to detect cervical cancer in low resource settings. Various other methods are being introduced in low and middle income countries (LMIC) to improve detection at low cost. The tests discussed are manual liquid based ...

New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2, 2021

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a commonly encountered complaint in gynecology department. End... more Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a commonly encountered complaint in gynecology department. Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in women and the most frequent gynecological cancer in developed countries. With 5,28, 000 new cases every year, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women worldwide, after breast, colorectal, and lung cancers. Though the cytological examination has been the mainstay for early detection of cervical cancer, and found to be useful in detection of endometrial cancer, its widespread use has not been possible in the developing countries due to paucity of resources, man power and other facilities Its sensitivity reduces to less than 50% when there is presence of obscuring blood, inflammation or thick areas of overlapping epithelial cells. Manual Liquid Based Cytology (MLBC) is a cost effective technique that enables cells to be suspended in a monolayer and thus improve detection of precursor lesions and specimen adequacy. The residual sample can be used for other tests like Cell block and immunocytochemistry. Objectives: 1. Toimprove the diagnosis of gynecological cancers by a method called as Manual Liquid Based Cytology (MLBC). 2. To study a cost effective method of studying both endometrial and cervical cancer with help of ancillary techniques like cellblock, immunocytochemistry 3To compare the findings between conventional pap smear (CPS) and MLBC in detection of gynecological conditions of endometrium and cervix. Methodology: Samples were collected using Ayres spatula by split sample technique from transformation zone of cervix which included outpatients of gynecology dept. The women were aged between 20-60 years, 82 cases with bleeding history were taken to study endometrial pathology, while 100 cases of white discharge per vagina were selected to study the cervix. 60 cases were later subjected to ancillary studies like cellblock with Immunocytochemistry. Histopathological correlation was done for cases wherever possible. Results: The study on endometruim showed MLBC is more sensitive and specific than CPS in diagnosis of malignant lesions. The contingency coefficient for LBC/Histopathology V/s CPS/Histopathology was 0.572 V/s 0.556. It was observed for cervical lesion that increased detection rate was 150% for low grade intraepithelial lesion. The Positive predictive value for diagnosing neoplastic lesions on cell blocks was 75%, while Concordance Rate of CB/Histopathology Vs CPS/Histopathology was 74% vs. 54%. Conclusion: MLBC is a cost effective method for detections of cancerous lesions of endometruim andcervix. It has been found to be useful in both Endometrial and cervical cytology in increasing the detection of infection and neoplastic conditions of female genital tract.

Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2020

Background: Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a very rare cause of secondary postpartum... more Background: Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a very rare cause of secondary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) which might present along with retained products of conception (RPOC). Despite being a rare entity, it is a life-threatening condition and hence high degree of suspicion is required for prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment as certain procedures, such as instrumental evacuation, commonly performed for RPOC could be devastating. With the recent advancements, color Doppler ultrasonography has become a preferred noninvasive method for diagnosing AVM though angiography remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Case description: This case report describes a 36-year-old multiparous woman who presented 3 weeks after delivery by lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) with secondary PPH. Transabdominal ultrasound (TAS) revealed an involuting uterus with an ill-defined hypoechoic area within the myometrium adjacent to the endometrium with significant intrinsic vascularity raising the suspicion of placenta accreta. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast was performed for confirmation which showed an AVM with coexistent RPOC. Since the patient did not give consent for uterine artery embolization which was offered to her during counseling, hysterectomy was carried out. Histopathological diagnosis of uterine AVM was conclusive. Conclusion: Arteriovenous malformation, although a rare entity, should be ruled out in a patient presenting with hemorrhage after delivery/ miscarriage even if the imaging shows the presence of RPOC by the diagnostic modalities available so that appropriate treatment can be instituted.

Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 2018

In this paper, we propose a novel method to classify Breast Lesions based on minute changes in th... more In this paper, we propose a novel method to classify Breast Lesions based on minute changes in the cell and nuclear features of the cell. It is important to note these changes as they play a significant role in diagnosis and the line of treatment by an oncologist. To overcome the problem of inter-observer variability the method of scoring is used to grade the lesions considered for the study. We have used the Modified Masood Score and designed an algorithm which classifies a given breast lesion into 6 classes namely Benign, Intermediate class-1,Intermediate class-2, Malignant class-1,Malignant class-2 and Malignant class-3. We have developed a sensitive model using the feed-forward neural network and Pattern Network to achieve the above objective. The Rank of the features is observed using ReliefF Algorithm.

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2017

BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide and the leading... more BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer deaths amongst women. Early detection is possible by cervical screening. Liquid-based cytology and Cell blocks prepared from residue can be useful adjuncts to smears for establishing a more definitive cytopathological diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a descriptive study. The present study was undertaken to prepare liquid-based smears and cell blocks from Liquid-based cytology specimens to aid in the diagnosis of Pap smears and to correlate with histopathology wherever possible. The study was undertaken in the period from July 2011 to July 2013. Total of 60 conventional Pap smears were obtained. Sample size was selected conveniently. In the present study, 60 cell blocks were prepared from MLBC specimen collected in a liquid fixative. Results were compared with cytology smears and histopathological correlation was obtained in 19 cases. RESULTS In the present study, out of 60 cases of cell blocks, 10 cases had no deposit. Of the other 50 cases, 7 cases (14%) were neoplastic and 43 (86%) were non-neoplastic. The sensitivity and specificity of cell block, LBC and CPS were 75% and 93%, 66% and 84%, 50% and 70% respectively for neoplastic lesions of cervix. Concordance Rate of CB/Histopathology vs. CPS/Histopathology is 74% vs. 54%. CONCLUSION In the present study, we found that cell blocks prepared from the LBC specimens aid in the diagnosis of neoplastic lesions of cervix and are particularly valuable in distinguishing carcinoma cervix from intraepithelial lesions. Cell blocks can be further subjected to ancillary tools like immunohistochemistry and HPV-DNA testing.

Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, 2018

Cervical cancer is the 4th most common cancer in women in low to middle income group countries (L... more Cervical cancer is the 4th most common cancer in women in low to middle income group countries (LMIC). Various methods for screening cervical cancer are practiced, such as the Conventional Pap Smear (CPS), Liquid Based Cytology with its ancillary techniques like Cell Block with immunocytochemistry. VIA is another method which is being advocated as a primary screening tool. Molecular diagnostics such as use of HPV DNA testing has been at the forefront of the screening programs. In the present study, we have utilized all the above methods by using cost effective in-house procedures to explore their possible utility in the clinical settings. We found them useful with need for more work and training of personnel for better diagnosis of cervical cancer.

Science Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2015

Cyto Histo Correlation of Atypical Glandular Cells of Endometrial Origin on Cervical Cytology in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Cases, Nov 2, 2015

Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2013

Poster presentations Result We analysed a total of 21,335 tests in intervention and 13,992 in con... more Poster presentations Result We analysed a total of 21,335 tests in intervention and 13,992 in control clinics. In clinics with 12-15 months intervention period (11 clinics), annual testing has increased by 47% (from 15.1% to 22.3%) in females, 88% (from 6.3% to 11.9%) in males and 61% overall (from 11.6% to 18.7%). After increasing from 7.9% to 11.8% in the first 12 months, control clinic testing dropped to 9.7% in 2012. The relative risk of testing in intervention compared with control clinics is 1.9 (95% CI: 1.8, 2.0). Of 2876 testing positive, 38% retest within 3 months and of those testing negative, 22% retest within 12 months in both trial arms. Conclusions Nearly twice as many are being tested in the intervention and testing rates are increasing. The high participation rate of clinics in all towns puts the study in a strong position to determine if a pragmatic intervention can reduce chlamydia prevalence.