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Papers by nasrin galehdar

Background Cancers represent a challenging public health threat in Asia. This study examines the ... more Background Cancers represent a challenging public health threat in Asia. This study examines the temporal patterns of incidence, mortality, disability and risk factors of 29 cancers in Asia in the last three decades. Methods The age, sex and year-wise estimates of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of 29 cancers for 49 Asian countries from 1990 through 2019 were generated as a part of the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries and Risk Factors 2019 study. Besides incidence, mortality and DALYs, we also examined the cancer burden measured in terms of DALYs and deaths attributable to risk factors, which had evidence of causation with different cancers. The development status of countries was measured using the socio-demographic index. Decomposition analysis was performed to gauge the change in cancer incidence between 1990 and 2019 due to population growth, aging and age-specific incidence rates. Findings All cancers combined claimed an estimated 5.6 million [95% uncertainty interval, 5.1-6.0 million] lives in Asia with 9.4 million [8.6-10.2 million] incident cases and 144.7 million [132.7-156.5 million] DALYs in 2019. The agestandardized incidence rate (ASIR) of all cancers combined in

BMC nursing, Feb 29, 2024

Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Jun 27, 2019

Introduction: The present investigation was conducted to green synthesize copper nanoparticles (C... more Introduction: The present investigation was conducted to green synthesize copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) from aqueous extract of Capparis spinosa L. fruit and evaluate their effects on liver function and hematological parameters of mice. Methods: The green synthesis of CuNPs by means of C. spinosa extract was performed according to the method described elsewhere. UV-vis spectroscopy analyses, Fourier transform of infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) were used to identify the synthesized nanoparticles. The mice were orally administrated with CuNPs at the doses of 1000, 2000, and 5000 µg/kg for two weeks. Afterward, the effects of CuNPs on liver function of the treated mice were evaluated by measuring the serum levels of enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin as well as hematological parameters including hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), white blood cell counts (WBC), red blood cell counts (RBC), and platelet (PLT) counts. Results: A maximum peak at the wavelength of 414 nm approved the biosynthesis of the copper nanoparticles. FTIR spectrum analysis revealed that the factor groups shaped a coating extract on the surface of the nanoparticles. SEM images demonstrated the particle size between 17 and 41 nm. It was found that although some liver enzymes and hematological parameters increased with increasing dosage of extract, there is no significant difference (p> 0.05) between oral administrations of CuNPs at the doses of 1000, 2000, and 5000 g/kg and control group. Conclusion: The findings revealed that copper nanoparticles biosynthesized from aqueous extract of C. spinosa fruit have no toxic effect on the liver of the studied mice; as well as no significant toxicity was observed on hematological parameters in mice. However, more studies need to be done for evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of CuNPs.

Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Aug 28, 2020

Bu çalışma Capparis spinosa L. meyvesinin sulu ekstresinden elde edilen bakır nanopartiküllerinin... more Bu çalışma Capparis spinosa L. meyvesinin sulu ekstresinden elde edilen bakır nanopartiküllerinin (CuNP) yeşil sentezi üzerindedir. Bunların karaciğer işlevleri ve hematolojik parametreler üzerine etkileri farelerde değerlendirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: CuNP'lerin C. spinosa ekstresinden eldesi sağlanmıştır. Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi (FTIR) spektroskopisi, taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ve enerji dağıtıcı X-ışını spektroskopisi ile sentez edilen nanopartiküller belirlenmiştir. BALB/c farelere oral olarak 2 hafta boyunca 1000, 2000 ve 5000 µg/kg dozlarda CuNP uygulanmıştır. Sonrasında, uygulama yapılan farelerde CuNP'lerin karaciğer işlevleri üzerine etkisi alanin aminotransferaz, aspartat aminotransferaz, alkalin fosfataz ve bilirubin ölçülerek karaciğer işlevleri ve hemoglobin, hematokrit, beyaz kan hücreleri, kırmızı kan hücreleri ve trombosit sayıları belirlenerek hematolojik parametreleri ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: 414 nm'deki maksimum pik CuNP'lerin biyosentezini göstermiştir. FTIR spectrum analizi faktör gruplarının nanopartiküllerin yüzeyinde bir kaplama ekstresine şekil verdiğini göstermiştir. SEM resimleri partikül boyutlarının 17 ve 41 nm arasında olduğunu göstermiştir. Her ne kadar karaciğer enzimleri ve hematolojik parametreler artan ekstre dozuyla artsa da, CuNP'lerin 1000, 2000 ve 5000 µg/kg dozlarda oral uygulaması ve kontrol grubu arasında belirgin bir değişiklik görülmemiştir (p>0,05).

BMC Nursing, Feb 16, 2023

Background Nurses who play the leading role in caring for patients, especially nurses in the chem... more Background Nurses who play the leading role in caring for patients, especially nurses in the chemotherapy department who are constantly exposed to high-risk drugs and their side effects, should pay more attention to occupational safety. This study was performed to determine the effect of training chemotherapy safety standards using a smartphone application on nurses' knowledge, attitude, and performance. Methods The whole enumeration of fifty oncology nurses was recruited who they worked in 3 hospitals affiliated with Lorestan University of Medical Sciences (west of Iran). The study was conducted from June to November 2021. The training was done for four weeks with a smartphone application, including six main courses of familiarity with hazardous drugs, Personal Protective Equipment, preparation, storage and transfer, spilling, and wastes disposal of hazardous drudges. The nurses' knowledge, attitude, and performance questionnaire were completed before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, descriptive and inferential statistical tests of independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, repeated measures analysis of variance, and the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model. Results Mean knowledge score of participants before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention was (47.18 ± 8.19), (60.08 ± 3.82), and (61.88 ± 3.45), respectively. The mean attitude score of participants before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention was (30.34 ± 3.94), (34.32 ± 3.25), and (34.98 ± 2.88), in order, and the mean performance score of participants before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention was (43.60 ± 5.11), (51.78 ± 3.15) and (52.88 ± 3.06), respectively. The mean nurses' knowledge, attitude, and performance score increased significantly over time (P < 0.001). Conclusions Teaching chemotherapy safety standards using the application improved oncology nurses' knowledge, attitude, and performance. Appropriate educational programs, especially by new methods such as E-learning, are recommended for providing safety for nurses.

The Lancet Haematology

Background Anaemia is a major health problem worldwide. Global estimates of anaemia burden are cr... more Background Anaemia is a major health problem worldwide. Global estimates of anaemia burden are crucial for developing appropriate interventions to meet current international targets for disease mitigation. We describe the prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends of anaemia and its underlying causes in 204 countries and territories. Methods We estimated population-level distributions of haemoglobin concentration by age and sex for each location from 1990 to 2021. We then calculated anaemia burden by severity and associated years lived with disability (YLDs). With data on prevalence of the causes of anaemia and associated cause-specific shifts in haemoglobin concentrations, we modelled the proportion of anaemia attributed to 37 underlying causes for all locations, years, and demographics in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Findings In 2021, the global prevalence of anaemia across all ages was 24•3% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 23•9-24•7), corresponding to 1•92 billion (1•89-1•95) prevalent cases, compared with a prevalence of 28•2% (27•8-28•5) and 1•50 billion (1•48-1•52) prevalent cases in 1990. Large variations were observed in anaemia burden by age, sex, and geography, with children younger than 5 years, women, and countries in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia being particularly affected. Anaemia caused 52•0 million (35•1-75•1) YLDs in 2021, and the YLD rate due to anaemia declined with increasing Socio-demographic Index. The most common causes of anaemia YLDs in 2021 were dietary iron deficiency (cause-specific anaemia YLD rate per 100 000 population: 422•4 [95% UI 286•1-612•9]), haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias (89•0 [58•2-123•7]), and other neglected tropical diseases (36•3 [24•4-52•8]), collectively accounting for 84•7% (84•1-85•2) of anaemia YLDs. Interpretation Anaemia remains a substantial global health challenge, with persistent disparities according to age, sex, and geography. Estimates of cause-specific anaemia burden can be used to design locally relevant health interventions aimed at improving anaemia management and prevention. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Iranian Journal of Health Sciences

Background and Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent autoimmune chronic disease ... more Background and Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent autoimmune chronic disease globally. The current study was conducted to determine the relationship between fatigue severity and circadian rhythm sleep disorders among Iranian MS patients. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this cross-sectional study included MS patients who were members of the MS Association in Khorramabad City, southwestern Iran. The sample size included 64 MS patients who met the inclusion criteria for the study and were selected through a simple random method. The study data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, fatigue severity scale (FSS), and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 18 through the independent t-test and Pearson correlation test. The significance level was considered to be <0.05. Results: Fatigue severity of 53% and 47% of studied patients were severe and weak, respectively. The mean s...

The Lancet

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable ri... more Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4•45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4•01-4•94) deaths and 105 million (95•0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44•4% (41•3-48•4) of all cancer deaths and 42•0% (39•1-45•6) of all DALYs. There were 2•88 million (2•60-3•18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50•6% [47•8-54•1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1•58 million (1•36-1•84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36•3% [32•5-41•3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20•4% (12•6-28•4) and DALYs by 16•8% (8•8-25•0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34•7% [27•9-42•8] and 33•3% [25•8-42•0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

Background The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk factor... more Background The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk factors in children older than 5 years and adults has not been studied as comprehensively as it has been in children younger than 5 years. We assessed the burden and trends of LRIs and risk factors across all age groups by sex, for 204 countries and territories. Methods In this analysis of data for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we used clinician-diagnosed pneumonia or bronchiolitis as our case definition for LRIs. We included International Classification of Diseases 9th edition codes 079.6, 466-469, 470.0, 480-482.8, 483.0-483.9, 484.1-484.2, 484.6-484.7, and 487-489 and International Classification of Diseases 10th edition codes A48.

The Lancet Public Health

Background Globally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes o... more Background Globally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity for adolescents. We sought to report comprehensive trends in injury-related mortality and morbidity for adolescents aged 10-24 years during the past three decades. Methods Using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2019 Study, we analysed mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to transport and unintentional injuries for adolescents in 204 countries. Burden is reported in absolute numbers and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population by sex, age group (10-14, 15-19, and 20-24 years), and sociodemographic index (SDI) with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We report percentage changes in deaths and DALYs between 1990 and 2019. Findings In 2019, 369 061 deaths (of which 214 337 [58%] were transport related) and 31•1 million DALYs (of which 16•2 million [52%] were transport related) among adolescents aged 10-24 years were caused by transport and unintentional injuries combined. If compared with other causes, transport and unintentional injuries combined accounted for 25% of deaths and 14% of DALYs in 2019, and showed little improvement from 1990 when such injuries accounted for 26% of adolescent deaths and 17% of adolescent DALYs. Throughout adolescence, transport and unintentional injury fatality rates increased by age group. The unintentional injury burden was higher among males than females for all injury types, except for injuries related to fire, heat, and hot substances, or to adverse effects of medical treatment. From 1990 to 2019, global mortality rates declined by 34•4% (from 17•5 to 11•5 per 100 000) for transport injuries, and by 47•7% (from 15•9 to 8•3 per 100 000) for unintentional injuries. However, in low-SDI nations the absolute number of deaths increased (by 80•5% to 42 774 for transport injuries and by 39•4% to 31 961 for unintentional injuries). In the high-SDI quintile in 2010-19, the rate per 100 000 of transport injury DALYs was reduced by 16•7%, from 838 in 2010 to 699 in 2019. This was a substantially slower pace of reduction compared with the 48•5% reduction between 1990 and 2010, from 1626 per 100 000 in 1990 to 838 per 100 000 in 2010. Between 2010 and 2019, the rate of unintentional injury DALYs per 100 000 also remained largely unchanged in high-SDI countries (555 in 2010 vs 554 in 2019; 0•2% reduction). The number and rate of adolescent deaths and DALYs owing to environmental heat and cold exposure increased for the high-SDI quintile during 2010-19. Interpretation As other causes of mortality are addressed, inadequate progress in reducing transport and unintentional injury mortality as a proportion of adolescent deaths becomes apparent. The relative shift in the burden of injury from high-SDI countries to low and low-middle-SDI countries necessitates focused action, including global donor, government, and industry investment in injury prevention. The persisting burden of DALYs related to transport and unintentional injuries indicates a need to prioritise innovative measures for the primary prevention of adolescent injury. Funding Bill &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Melinda Gates Foundation.

Journal of Critical Reviews, 2020

Patient education and counseling, 2021

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a self-management program on... more OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a self-management program on activation and inner strength in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). METHODS This study assigned 86 patients with CVDs to an experimental and a comparison group utilizing alternate allocation based on a quasi-experimental design. The experimental group participated in a self-management program based on a theoretical framework in three stages, i.e. orientation-recognition, reinforcing-engaging and monitoring-follow-up; whereas the comparison group received routine care. The supportive program was administered through holding five individual face-to-face sessions, providing educational booklets and performing four phone-call follow-ups during three months after discharge. The outcomes were measured using the patient activation measure (PAM) and the inner strength scale (ISS). RESULTS The between group analysis indicated a statistically-significant difference in the mean score of...

Yafteh Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, 2021

Background: Surgery is one of the most common methods of treating many diseases which is known as... more Background: Surgery is one of the most common methods of treating many diseases which is known as an anxious experience for patients. Treatment of anxiety is important due adverse consequences in patients undergoing surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of non-pharmacological measures on patients' anxiety before surgery. Materials and Methods: In this study, systematic review of information from databases, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Magiran, SID, Civilica, Iranmedex, with keywords anxiety, music therapy, massage therapy, education, counseling, aromatherapy, and non-pharmacological interventions from 2000-2020. Results: Out of 338 articles, 41 articles were selected and analyzed. These studies have introduced methods including educating and informing the patient, aromatherapy, massage therapy, listening to music and performing preoperative counseling as effective methods of non-pharmacological treatments for preoperative anxiety. Conclusion: Th...

Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2018

Current Clinical Pharmacology, 2020

Background:Heart failure is a common medical problem in the world, which has a high prevalence in... more Background:Heart failure is a common medical problem in the world, which has a high prevalence in both developed and developing countries. Today, among the medications used for the heart failure treatment, there are many medications with a positive cardiac contraction effect (positive inotropic such as digital glycosides, adrenergic receptor stimulants, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors), a large number of cardiac diluents (such as Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor group), and a few other types of drugs whose final effects are still under review. Statins are valuable drugs that are broadly prescribed in hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular patients due to their multiple properties, such as cholesterol reduction, endothelial function improvement, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neovascularization, and immunomodulatory activities.Methods:There is evidence that the therapeutic role of statins in HF, due to myocardial hypertrophy, show reduction in cardiomyocyte loss in the ap...

Nursing & Care Open Access Journal, Aug 20, 2018