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Papers by nazeer alam

Journal of Basic and Applied …, 2009

Solar radiation studies have been carried out to asses the feasibility of solar Energy utilizatio... more Solar radiation studies have been carried out to asses the feasibility of solar Energy utilization at Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan(Latitude25° 35′ N). The result obtained shows the variation of Direct and Diffuse component of solar radiation in summer and winter months. The ...

Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research, Jun 26, 2014

The fluctuating dynamics of electron density is highly dependent on altitude from center of the e... more The fluctuating dynamics of electron density is highly dependent on altitude from center of the earth. The long distance communication via F2 layer is the best suited through refraction of radio wave in the range of 3-30 MHz. In present study, the F2 layer hourly data for 2006, recorded at SUPARCO Islamabad Ionosphere Station (SIIS), located at latitude 33.75°N and longitude 72.87°E have been considered. The recorded ordinary wave frequency has been utilised to compute relationship with variation in electron concentration. The estimation of variability is determined for forecast and modeling purposes. The standard techniques have been performed such as regression, stochastic analysis and parameter estimation using data obtained from source. Predicting sky wave propagation at Pakistan ionospheric region has been presented.

Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research, Jun 26, 2014

The fluctuating dynamics of electron density is highly dependent on altitude from center of the e... more The fluctuating dynamics of electron density is highly dependent on altitude from center of the earth. The long distance communication via F2 layer is the best suited through refraction of radio wave in the range of 3-30 MHz. In present study, the F2 layer hourly data for 2006, recorded at SUPARCO Islamabad Ionosphere Station (SIIS), located at latitude 33.75°N and longitude 72.87°E have been considered. The recorded ordinary wave frequency has been utilised to compute relationship with variation in electron concentration. The estimation of variability is determined for forecast and modeling purposes. The standard techniques have been performed such as regression, stochastic analysis and parameter estimation using data obtained from source. Predicting sky wave propagation at Pakistan ionospheric region has been presented.

It is said that ionosphere plays a vital role on electromagnetic waves (3 to 30 MHz) transmitted ... more It is said that ionosphere plays a vital role on electromagnetic waves (3 to 30 MHz) transmitted from ground station and after striking ionosphere reaching receiving station. Reflection and refraction of waves from ionosphere is dependent upon incident angle of transmitted wave, altitude from which it is returned, season, temporal variations due to solar radiations, sunspots and geomagnetic field deviation. In this communication the Fଶ layer data recorded at Pakistan Space & Upper Atmosphere Rsearch Commission (SUPARCO) Islamabad Ionosphere Station (SIIS) for the year 2005 has been considered. These data have been used to compute refractive index for hourly observed ordinary wave frequency in the range of (3.04 to 8.29 MHz). The geographic position of SIIS is latitude 33.75 °N and longitude 72.87 °E. To get insight parametric relationship, exploratory data analysis has been performed. The estimation of parametric variability is modeled using standard technique; data distribution, tr...

Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 2017

In this research article, the authors have implemented the Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) techni... more In this research article, the authors have implemented the Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) techniques to examine the deviation of the monthly median noon and midnight values of the critical frequency of F2 layer ionosphere (i.e. f0F2) at the Wakkanai station (45.39°N, 141.68°E), Japan, during sunspot cycle 21st (1976-1986) and 23rd (1996-2008). Primarily, univariate analysis has been done, which shows the variations in f0F2 at different local times, seasons and in the range of sunspot numbers (SSN), in which winter and semi-annual anomalies are detected in the months of December and March respectively. Secondly, the regression analysis is being used as a bivariate data analysis. The results proved a significantly nonlinear relationship exists between f0F2 and SSN. In both solar cycles, saturation effects are seen in the month of March during the noontime period and immensely in June during the midnight time. The behavior of the ionosphere has been studied for different latitudes, se...

This paper presents the study of wavelet analysis of ionospheric dynamics that has been illustrat... more This paper presents the study of wavelet analysis of ionospheric dynamics that has been illustrated for electron concentration, refractive index and skip distance for radio wave propagation of the ionospheric F2 layer at Pakistan Air Space. As we that the wavelet is a short term Fourier Transform convolved with data, gives some frequency information at a location, the skip distance is defined as the shortest distance from a transmitter, measured along the surface of the earth. The range of the skip distance depends on the frequency of the wave, the angle of incidence and the degree of ionization. We proposed to study the effectiveness of ionospheric dynamics and parametric estimation by developing a quantitative treatment for data covering a specific period during the years 1989-1990. The data sets are recorded on daily basis using Digisonde, DGS-256 installed at Space and Atmospheric Sciences (SPAS) division SUPARCO, Karachi, Pakistan. The aim here is to examine the periodicity in ...

The ionosphere is the part of atmosphere, ionized by solar radiation. The ionosphere affects our ... more The ionosphere is the part of atmosphere, ionized by solar radiation. The ionosphere affects our modern society in many ways due to variability in ionosphere composition under the influence of solar radiations. This paper attempts to describe ionosphere communication and to compute & evaluate fluctuating dynamics of refractive index as a result of change in critical frequency, electron concentration of layers during daytime and night hours for the year 2000 at Pakistan region. The recorded ionosphere data (at SUPARCO Ionosphere Station in Karachi) has been used to calculate refractive index in relation with critical frequency, maximum useful frequency and propagation frequency at mid values of latitude. To investigate relationship between ionospheric parameters, descriptive statistical methods such as histogram, regression analysis and normal probability plot have been implemented. The results and conclusion obtained are useful for planning and successful uninterrupted radio wave pr...

Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka

Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Jun 1, 2013

The aim of this study was to assess the seasonal variability in virtual height of ionospheric F 2... more The aim of this study was to assess the seasonal variability in virtual height of ionospheric F 2 layer for Pakistan's atmospheric region (PAR). In this communication virtual height variations have been analyzed by the descriptive statistical techniques. These methodologies comprise an autoregressive strategy, linear regression and polynomial regression. The relevance of these models has been illuminated using predicted values of different parameters under the seasonal variation of ionospheric F 2 layer in virtual height that affect the radio wave propagation through the ionosphere. These techniques are implemented to theorize the physical process of varying the virtual heights that leads this study towards formulating the variations due to interaction of radio wave propagation with this ionospheric layer.

Journal of Basic and Applied …, 2009

Solar radiation studies have been carried out to asses the feasibility of solar Energy utilizatio... more Solar radiation studies have been carried out to asses the feasibility of solar Energy utilization at Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan(Latitude25° 35′ N). The result obtained shows the variation of Direct and Diffuse component of solar radiation in summer and winter months. The ...

Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research, Jun 26, 2014

The fluctuating dynamics of electron density is highly dependent on altitude from center of the e... more The fluctuating dynamics of electron density is highly dependent on altitude from center of the earth. The long distance communication via F2 layer is the best suited through refraction of radio wave in the range of 3-30 MHz. In present study, the F2 layer hourly data for 2006, recorded at SUPARCO Islamabad Ionosphere Station (SIIS), located at latitude 33.75°N and longitude 72.87°E have been considered. The recorded ordinary wave frequency has been utilised to compute relationship with variation in electron concentration. The estimation of variability is determined for forecast and modeling purposes. The standard techniques have been performed such as regression, stochastic analysis and parameter estimation using data obtained from source. Predicting sky wave propagation at Pakistan ionospheric region has been presented.

Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research, Jun 26, 2014

The fluctuating dynamics of electron density is highly dependent on altitude from center of the e... more The fluctuating dynamics of electron density is highly dependent on altitude from center of the earth. The long distance communication via F2 layer is the best suited through refraction of radio wave in the range of 3-30 MHz. In present study, the F2 layer hourly data for 2006, recorded at SUPARCO Islamabad Ionosphere Station (SIIS), located at latitude 33.75°N and longitude 72.87°E have been considered. The recorded ordinary wave frequency has been utilised to compute relationship with variation in electron concentration. The estimation of variability is determined for forecast and modeling purposes. The standard techniques have been performed such as regression, stochastic analysis and parameter estimation using data obtained from source. Predicting sky wave propagation at Pakistan ionospheric region has been presented.

It is said that ionosphere plays a vital role on electromagnetic waves (3 to 30 MHz) transmitted ... more It is said that ionosphere plays a vital role on electromagnetic waves (3 to 30 MHz) transmitted from ground station and after striking ionosphere reaching receiving station. Reflection and refraction of waves from ionosphere is dependent upon incident angle of transmitted wave, altitude from which it is returned, season, temporal variations due to solar radiations, sunspots and geomagnetic field deviation. In this communication the Fଶ layer data recorded at Pakistan Space & Upper Atmosphere Rsearch Commission (SUPARCO) Islamabad Ionosphere Station (SIIS) for the year 2005 has been considered. These data have been used to compute refractive index for hourly observed ordinary wave frequency in the range of (3.04 to 8.29 MHz). The geographic position of SIIS is latitude 33.75 °N and longitude 72.87 °E. To get insight parametric relationship, exploratory data analysis has been performed. The estimation of parametric variability is modeled using standard technique; data distribution, tr...

Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 2017

In this research article, the authors have implemented the Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) techni... more In this research article, the authors have implemented the Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) techniques to examine the deviation of the monthly median noon and midnight values of the critical frequency of F2 layer ionosphere (i.e. f0F2) at the Wakkanai station (45.39°N, 141.68°E), Japan, during sunspot cycle 21st (1976-1986) and 23rd (1996-2008). Primarily, univariate analysis has been done, which shows the variations in f0F2 at different local times, seasons and in the range of sunspot numbers (SSN), in which winter and semi-annual anomalies are detected in the months of December and March respectively. Secondly, the regression analysis is being used as a bivariate data analysis. The results proved a significantly nonlinear relationship exists between f0F2 and SSN. In both solar cycles, saturation effects are seen in the month of March during the noontime period and immensely in June during the midnight time. The behavior of the ionosphere has been studied for different latitudes, se...

This paper presents the study of wavelet analysis of ionospheric dynamics that has been illustrat... more This paper presents the study of wavelet analysis of ionospheric dynamics that has been illustrated for electron concentration, refractive index and skip distance for radio wave propagation of the ionospheric F2 layer at Pakistan Air Space. As we that the wavelet is a short term Fourier Transform convolved with data, gives some frequency information at a location, the skip distance is defined as the shortest distance from a transmitter, measured along the surface of the earth. The range of the skip distance depends on the frequency of the wave, the angle of incidence and the degree of ionization. We proposed to study the effectiveness of ionospheric dynamics and parametric estimation by developing a quantitative treatment for data covering a specific period during the years 1989-1990. The data sets are recorded on daily basis using Digisonde, DGS-256 installed at Space and Atmospheric Sciences (SPAS) division SUPARCO, Karachi, Pakistan. The aim here is to examine the periodicity in ...

The ionosphere is the part of atmosphere, ionized by solar radiation. The ionosphere affects our ... more The ionosphere is the part of atmosphere, ionized by solar radiation. The ionosphere affects our modern society in many ways due to variability in ionosphere composition under the influence of solar radiations. This paper attempts to describe ionosphere communication and to compute & evaluate fluctuating dynamics of refractive index as a result of change in critical frequency, electron concentration of layers during daytime and night hours for the year 2000 at Pakistan region. The recorded ionosphere data (at SUPARCO Ionosphere Station in Karachi) has been used to calculate refractive index in relation with critical frequency, maximum useful frequency and propagation frequency at mid values of latitude. To investigate relationship between ionospheric parameters, descriptive statistical methods such as histogram, regression analysis and normal probability plot have been implemented. The results and conclusion obtained are useful for planning and successful uninterrupted radio wave pr...

Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka

Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Jun 1, 2013

The aim of this study was to assess the seasonal variability in virtual height of ionospheric F 2... more The aim of this study was to assess the seasonal variability in virtual height of ionospheric F 2 layer for Pakistan's atmospheric region (PAR). In this communication virtual height variations have been analyzed by the descriptive statistical techniques. These methodologies comprise an autoregressive strategy, linear regression and polynomial regression. The relevance of these models has been illuminated using predicted values of different parameters under the seasonal variation of ionospheric F 2 layer in virtual height that affect the radio wave propagation through the ionosphere. These techniques are implemented to theorize the physical process of varying the virtual heights that leads this study towards formulating the variations due to interaction of radio wave propagation with this ionospheric layer.