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Papers by nitesh upadhyay

Central European Journal of Paediatrics

Objectives − To assess the effect of auditory and speech rehabilitation according to the revised ... more Objectives − To assess the effect of auditory and speech rehabilitation according to the revised Category of Auditory Performance (CAP) and Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) score in patients who underwent Cochlear Implant (CI) surgery at a tertiary care centre in Central India.Patients and Methods − This was a retrospective interventional study conducted at the Department of Pediatrics and Otorhinolaryngology of Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, during the period from 2014 to 2018, to assess the hearing and speech of the patients who underwent CI, and was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee.Results − A total of 114 patients underwent surgery using the mastoidectomy-posterior tympanotomy (MPTA) approach at our centre. Of these, 61 (54%) were males and 53 (47%) were females, with a mean average age of 24.66 months. The number of patients with a right ear defect was 107 (93%) whereas with left ear defect there were only 7 (6%). Six patients we...

Asian Journal of Pediatric Research

Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropat... more Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy characterized by symmetrical limb weakness and areflexia preceded by an infection while Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is a neurotropic RNA virus belonging to Flaviviridae family. GBS can have different clinical manifestations which overlaps JE. GBS secondary to JE has been reported earlier though in the incidence is low.Involvement of the peripheral nerve, areflexic paralysis, electrophysiological nerve examination and JE IgM in CSF were consistent with a diagnosis of GBS with JE. Prompt detection and diagnosis can reduce morbidity and mortality.

Central European Journal of Paediatrics

Objectives − The aim of our article is to highlight the adverse effects of midazolam, which cause... more Objectives − The aim of our article is to highlight the adverse effects of midazolam, which causes abnormal behavior and a paradoxical behavioral reaction, although it is used for sedation and seizure control, as well as preoperative and procedure-related sedation in neonates.Case Presentation − We report myoclonic seizure-like abnormal activity in four preterm neonates, who received intravenous midazolam for sedation before laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity and seizures. All neonates had a long NICU stay, but were clinically well before undergoing the procedure. Cases 1, 2 and 3 developed multifocal seizure-like abnormal movements after receiving a midazolam injection for photocoagulation therapy for retinopathy of prematurity. Case 4 developed multifocal seizure-like abnormal movements after receiving an injection of midazolam for seizures. In all the cases the seizure-like abnormal movements were controlled by phenobarbitone.Conclusion − Midazolam is increasin...

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH

Introduction: Childhood anaemia may be caused due to many factors, including malnutrition, chroni... more Introduction: Childhood anaemia may be caused due to many factors, including malnutrition, chronic infections, deficiency of iron and vitamins, parasitic infections. On haematological work up the most common finding is microcytic hypochromic anaemia. Inherited defects in Red Blood Cell (RBC) and haemoglobin structure and metabolism result in congenital haemolytic anaemia. About 4.2% of all paediatric microcytic anaemias are diagnosed with haemoglobinopathies. Thalessaemia and other haemoglobinopathies have a large representation in the Indian subcontinent. A study of the extent of these hereditary anaemias will help in formulating a targeted approach of spreading awareness and educating couples in target population, who are planning conception. Aim: To comprehend the incidence of congenital haemolytic anaemias in the paediatric population of central India, and to evaluate their clinico-haematological status. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conduct...

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2022

Trichobezoar is a rare and uncommon disease usually found in young and adolescent girls suffering... more Trichobezoar is a rare and uncommon disease usually found in young and adolescent girls suffering from psychiatric illness mainly arising from trichotillomania (recurrent and irresistible urge to pull out one’s own hair) and trichophagia (eating of hair) or social problem. The main symptoms are pain abdomen, vomiting and nausea etc which later can cause severe complications leading to surgical along with medical management.

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2021

Background: Gestational age and birth weight is an important predicator for morbidity and mortali... more Background: Gestational age and birth weight is an important predicator for morbidity and mortality in neonates. Aim was to determine the correlation of foot length with birth weight and gestational age in neonates.Methods: This was a prospective observational study done in the neonatal unit department of pediatrics in Chirayu medical college and hospital, Bhopal. There were 1739 deliveries included during the study period from January 2016 to December 2020. Study group comprised of all live born babies delivered in within 24 hours of birth who fulfilled the inclusion criteria.Results: The study comprised of 1739 newborn babies, out of which 896 (51.51%) were males and 843 (48.49%) were females. Male:female ratio 1.06:1. In our study group, 337 (15.6%) babies were preterm and 1385 (84.39%) were of term gestation. We found a positive linear correlation of foot length with all birth weight groups in a newborn with a correlation coefficient (r=0.78) and p<0.001 was found. Similarly,...

Euro-Par 2017: Parallel Processing Workshops, 2018

Large graphs are widely used in real world graph analytics. Memory available in a single machine ... more Large graphs are widely used in real world graph analytics. Memory available in a single machine is usually inadequate to process these graphs. A good solution is to use a distributed environment. Typical programming styles used in existing distributed environment frameworks are different from imperative programming and difficult for programmers to adapt. Moreover, some graph algorithms having a high degree of parallelism ideally run on an accelerator cluster. Error prone and lower level programming methods (memory and thread management) available for such systems repel programmers from using such architectures. Existing frameworks do not deal with the accelerator clusters. We propose a framework which addresses the previously stated deficiencies. Our framework automatically generates implementations of graph algorithms for distributed environments from the intuitive shared memory based code written in a high-level Domain Specific Language (DSL), Falcon. The framework analyses the intermediate representation, applies a set of optimizations and then generates Giraph code for a CPU cluster and MPI+OpenCL code for a GPU cluster. Experimental evaluations show efficiency and scalability of our framework.

The underwater acoustic channel (UAC) is known to supply poor communications channel. The channel... more The underwater acoustic channel (UAC) is known to supply poor communications channel. The channel medium is extremely assimilative and therefore the transmission bandwidth is proscribed. Additionally, the channel is extremely frequency selective; the degree of selectiveness depends on a detailed geometry of the channel. Further, the response changes over time as conditions moving the response (such as water temperature, ocean surface wind, salinity, etc are time-varying. A system design to trot out the frequency and time selective channel in UAC, therefore, becomes terribly difficult. In this review paper review of different technique used in the SWAC in shallow water communication region. The performance parameters of different methods are, first one is the bit error rate (BER) and second one is the frame error rate (FER) Keywords— SWAC, UAC, FER, BER

Pediatric Review: International Journal of Pediatric Research, 2020

Aim: The current study aims to evaluate the incidence & screening of neonates for congenital hypo... more Aim: The current study aims to evaluate the incidence & screening of neonates for congenital hypothyroidism for timely diagnosis and integral psychomotor development. Material & Methods: A prospective study was carried out in the Department of Pediatrics, Chirayu Medical College & Hospital Bhopal, India from a period from January 2015 to December 2018. All newborns with the gestational age of 34 weeks or more delivered in the hospital during the study period were screened for hypothyroidism and analyzed. Result: A total of 1363 babies were enrolled out of which 1272 were an eligible candidate for the study period. Numbers of term deliveries were 1109 and preterm deliveries were 163, with 665 (52.28%) males and 607 (47.72%) female babies. Of the total eligible neonates, 1109 were term babies and 163 were preterm babies with more than 34 weeks. Neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone was estimated in all 1272 neonates out of which 2 cases were positive for CH, 12 cases had initially high values between 10-19 µIU/L but later on, repeat testing after two weeks were found to be within normal limits and rest all 1258 cases were normal. Conclusion: Timely diagnosis and treatment of CH are important in order to prevent its consequences. NBS is the need of the hour for early diagnosis of CH, which is simple, fast as well as cost-effective.

RSC Advances, 2019

Nanoparticles having strong optical and electronic properties are the most widely used materials ... more Nanoparticles having strong optical and electronic properties are the most widely used materials in sensor development.

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2019

Background: The aim was to analyze the clinical and socio-demographic profile of children with he... more Background: The aim was to analyze the clinical and socio-demographic profile of children with hearing impairment who had undergone cochlear implant surgery in a tertiary care centre in central India.Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in Department of Pediatrics, Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh during the period from January 2014 to December 2017 to find out clinical and socio-demographic profile of cochlear implant patient.Results: A total of 114 patients have been operated via posterior tympanotomy (MPTA) approach at present centre. Out of which 61(54%) were males and 53(47%) were females with a mean average age 5 years and 11 months. The number of patients with right ear defect were 107 (93%) whereas with left ear were as low as 7 (6%). Most of the patients with cochlear disease were from lower socio-economic class and was not highly educated who lived in rented or kachcha houses. They were mostly living in big families with limited sp...

Journal of cellular physiology, Jan 28, 2018

Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), the first human retrovirus has been discovered which is known ... more Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), the first human retrovirus has been discovered which is known to cause the age-old assassinating disease HTLV-1 associated myelopathy. Cancer caused by this virus is adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma which targets 10-20 million throughout the world. The effect of this virus extends to the fact that it causes chronic disease to the spinal cord resulting in loss of sensation and further causes blood cancer. So, to overcome the complications, we designed a subunit vaccine by the assimilation of B-cell, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte , and helper T-lymphocyte epitopes. The epitopes were joined together along with adjuvant and linkers and a vaccine was fabricated which was further subjected to 3D modeling. The physiochemical properties, allergenicity, and antigenicity were evaluated. Molecular docking and dynamics were performed with the obtained 3D model against toll like receptor (TLR-3) immune receptor. Lastly, in silico cloning was performed to ensure the expr...

Annals of Neurology, 2006

Since 1999, there have been nearly 20,000 cases of confirmed symptomatic West Nile virus (WNV) in... more Since 1999, there have been nearly 20,000 cases of confirmed symptomatic West Nile virus (WNV) infection in the United States, and it is likely that more than 1 million people have been infected by the virus. WNV is now the most common cause of epidemic viral encephalitis in the United States, and it will likely remain an important cause of neurological disease for the foreseeable future. Clinical syndromes produced by WNV infection include asymptomatic infection, West Nile Fever, and West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND). WNND includes syndromes of meningitis, encephalitis, and acute flaccid paralysis/poliomyelitis. The clinical, laboratory, and diagnostic features of these syndromes are reviewed here. Many patients with WNND have normal neuroimaging studies, but abnormalities may be present in areas including the basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, and brainstem. Cerebrospinal fluid invariably shows a pleocytosis, with a predominance of neutrophils in up to half the patients. Diagnosis of WNND depends predominantly on demonstration of WNV-specific IgM antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid. Recent studies suggest that some WNV-infected patients have persistent WNV IgM serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid antibody responses, and this may require revision of current serodiagnostic criteria. Although there is no proven therapy for WNND, several vaccines and antiviral therapy with antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, and interferon preparations are currently undergoing human clinical trials. Recovery from neurological sequelae of WNV infection including cognitive deficits and weakness may be prolonged and incomplete.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF NEONATAL MEDICINE AND RESEARCH

Introduction: Neonatal candidiasis is one of the leading causes of sepsis amongst newborns admitt... more Introduction: Neonatal candidiasis is one of the leading causes of sepsis amongst newborns admitted to newborn care unit, especially premature and Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies. It is one of the significant contributors to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Aim: To describe the spectrum and epidemiology of fungal sepsis in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at a tertiary care level. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted from January 2018- December 2019 in NICU of Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, a tertiary level hospital in Bhopal, Central India. All neonates, who had positive fungal blood culture were included in the study, their demographic data was analysed (age, birth weight, predisposing factors etc.,), maternal history, their response to the antifungal treatment documented and complications. Statistical analysis was done using the Chi- square test with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 2.0. Results: A total of ...

Central European Journal of Paediatrics

Objectives − To assess the effect of auditory and speech rehabilitation according to the revised ... more Objectives − To assess the effect of auditory and speech rehabilitation according to the revised Category of Auditory Performance (CAP) and Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) score in patients who underwent Cochlear Implant (CI) surgery at a tertiary care centre in Central India.Patients and Methods − This was a retrospective interventional study conducted at the Department of Pediatrics and Otorhinolaryngology of Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, during the period from 2014 to 2018, to assess the hearing and speech of the patients who underwent CI, and was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee.Results − A total of 114 patients underwent surgery using the mastoidectomy-posterior tympanotomy (MPTA) approach at our centre. Of these, 61 (54%) were males and 53 (47%) were females, with a mean average age of 24.66 months. The number of patients with a right ear defect was 107 (93%) whereas with left ear defect there were only 7 (6%). Six patients we...

Asian Journal of Pediatric Research

Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropat... more Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy characterized by symmetrical limb weakness and areflexia preceded by an infection while Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is a neurotropic RNA virus belonging to Flaviviridae family. GBS can have different clinical manifestations which overlaps JE. GBS secondary to JE has been reported earlier though in the incidence is low.Involvement of the peripheral nerve, areflexic paralysis, electrophysiological nerve examination and JE IgM in CSF were consistent with a diagnosis of GBS with JE. Prompt detection and diagnosis can reduce morbidity and mortality.

Central European Journal of Paediatrics

Objectives − The aim of our article is to highlight the adverse effects of midazolam, which cause... more Objectives − The aim of our article is to highlight the adverse effects of midazolam, which causes abnormal behavior and a paradoxical behavioral reaction, although it is used for sedation and seizure control, as well as preoperative and procedure-related sedation in neonates.Case Presentation − We report myoclonic seizure-like abnormal activity in four preterm neonates, who received intravenous midazolam for sedation before laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity and seizures. All neonates had a long NICU stay, but were clinically well before undergoing the procedure. Cases 1, 2 and 3 developed multifocal seizure-like abnormal movements after receiving a midazolam injection for photocoagulation therapy for retinopathy of prematurity. Case 4 developed multifocal seizure-like abnormal movements after receiving an injection of midazolam for seizures. In all the cases the seizure-like abnormal movements were controlled by phenobarbitone.Conclusion − Midazolam is increasin...

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH

Introduction: Childhood anaemia may be caused due to many factors, including malnutrition, chroni... more Introduction: Childhood anaemia may be caused due to many factors, including malnutrition, chronic infections, deficiency of iron and vitamins, parasitic infections. On haematological work up the most common finding is microcytic hypochromic anaemia. Inherited defects in Red Blood Cell (RBC) and haemoglobin structure and metabolism result in congenital haemolytic anaemia. About 4.2% of all paediatric microcytic anaemias are diagnosed with haemoglobinopathies. Thalessaemia and other haemoglobinopathies have a large representation in the Indian subcontinent. A study of the extent of these hereditary anaemias will help in formulating a targeted approach of spreading awareness and educating couples in target population, who are planning conception. Aim: To comprehend the incidence of congenital haemolytic anaemias in the paediatric population of central India, and to evaluate their clinico-haematological status. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conduct...

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2022

Trichobezoar is a rare and uncommon disease usually found in young and adolescent girls suffering... more Trichobezoar is a rare and uncommon disease usually found in young and adolescent girls suffering from psychiatric illness mainly arising from trichotillomania (recurrent and irresistible urge to pull out one’s own hair) and trichophagia (eating of hair) or social problem. The main symptoms are pain abdomen, vomiting and nausea etc which later can cause severe complications leading to surgical along with medical management.

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2021

Background: Gestational age and birth weight is an important predicator for morbidity and mortali... more Background: Gestational age and birth weight is an important predicator for morbidity and mortality in neonates. Aim was to determine the correlation of foot length with birth weight and gestational age in neonates.Methods: This was a prospective observational study done in the neonatal unit department of pediatrics in Chirayu medical college and hospital, Bhopal. There were 1739 deliveries included during the study period from January 2016 to December 2020. Study group comprised of all live born babies delivered in within 24 hours of birth who fulfilled the inclusion criteria.Results: The study comprised of 1739 newborn babies, out of which 896 (51.51%) were males and 843 (48.49%) were females. Male:female ratio 1.06:1. In our study group, 337 (15.6%) babies were preterm and 1385 (84.39%) were of term gestation. We found a positive linear correlation of foot length with all birth weight groups in a newborn with a correlation coefficient (r=0.78) and p<0.001 was found. Similarly,...

Euro-Par 2017: Parallel Processing Workshops, 2018

Large graphs are widely used in real world graph analytics. Memory available in a single machine ... more Large graphs are widely used in real world graph analytics. Memory available in a single machine is usually inadequate to process these graphs. A good solution is to use a distributed environment. Typical programming styles used in existing distributed environment frameworks are different from imperative programming and difficult for programmers to adapt. Moreover, some graph algorithms having a high degree of parallelism ideally run on an accelerator cluster. Error prone and lower level programming methods (memory and thread management) available for such systems repel programmers from using such architectures. Existing frameworks do not deal with the accelerator clusters. We propose a framework which addresses the previously stated deficiencies. Our framework automatically generates implementations of graph algorithms for distributed environments from the intuitive shared memory based code written in a high-level Domain Specific Language (DSL), Falcon. The framework analyses the intermediate representation, applies a set of optimizations and then generates Giraph code for a CPU cluster and MPI+OpenCL code for a GPU cluster. Experimental evaluations show efficiency and scalability of our framework.

The underwater acoustic channel (UAC) is known to supply poor communications channel. The channel... more The underwater acoustic channel (UAC) is known to supply poor communications channel. The channel medium is extremely assimilative and therefore the transmission bandwidth is proscribed. Additionally, the channel is extremely frequency selective; the degree of selectiveness depends on a detailed geometry of the channel. Further, the response changes over time as conditions moving the response (such as water temperature, ocean surface wind, salinity, etc are time-varying. A system design to trot out the frequency and time selective channel in UAC, therefore, becomes terribly difficult. In this review paper review of different technique used in the SWAC in shallow water communication region. The performance parameters of different methods are, first one is the bit error rate (BER) and second one is the frame error rate (FER) Keywords— SWAC, UAC, FER, BER

Pediatric Review: International Journal of Pediatric Research, 2020

Aim: The current study aims to evaluate the incidence & screening of neonates for congenital hypo... more Aim: The current study aims to evaluate the incidence & screening of neonates for congenital hypothyroidism for timely diagnosis and integral psychomotor development. Material & Methods: A prospective study was carried out in the Department of Pediatrics, Chirayu Medical College & Hospital Bhopal, India from a period from January 2015 to December 2018. All newborns with the gestational age of 34 weeks or more delivered in the hospital during the study period were screened for hypothyroidism and analyzed. Result: A total of 1363 babies were enrolled out of which 1272 were an eligible candidate for the study period. Numbers of term deliveries were 1109 and preterm deliveries were 163, with 665 (52.28%) males and 607 (47.72%) female babies. Of the total eligible neonates, 1109 were term babies and 163 were preterm babies with more than 34 weeks. Neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone was estimated in all 1272 neonates out of which 2 cases were positive for CH, 12 cases had initially high values between 10-19 µIU/L but later on, repeat testing after two weeks were found to be within normal limits and rest all 1258 cases were normal. Conclusion: Timely diagnosis and treatment of CH are important in order to prevent its consequences. NBS is the need of the hour for early diagnosis of CH, which is simple, fast as well as cost-effective.

RSC Advances, 2019

Nanoparticles having strong optical and electronic properties are the most widely used materials ... more Nanoparticles having strong optical and electronic properties are the most widely used materials in sensor development.

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2019

Background: The aim was to analyze the clinical and socio-demographic profile of children with he... more Background: The aim was to analyze the clinical and socio-demographic profile of children with hearing impairment who had undergone cochlear implant surgery in a tertiary care centre in central India.Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in Department of Pediatrics, Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh during the period from January 2014 to December 2017 to find out clinical and socio-demographic profile of cochlear implant patient.Results: A total of 114 patients have been operated via posterior tympanotomy (MPTA) approach at present centre. Out of which 61(54%) were males and 53(47%) were females with a mean average age 5 years and 11 months. The number of patients with right ear defect were 107 (93%) whereas with left ear were as low as 7 (6%). Most of the patients with cochlear disease were from lower socio-economic class and was not highly educated who lived in rented or kachcha houses. They were mostly living in big families with limited sp...

Journal of cellular physiology, Jan 28, 2018

Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), the first human retrovirus has been discovered which is known ... more Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), the first human retrovirus has been discovered which is known to cause the age-old assassinating disease HTLV-1 associated myelopathy. Cancer caused by this virus is adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma which targets 10-20 million throughout the world. The effect of this virus extends to the fact that it causes chronic disease to the spinal cord resulting in loss of sensation and further causes blood cancer. So, to overcome the complications, we designed a subunit vaccine by the assimilation of B-cell, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte , and helper T-lymphocyte epitopes. The epitopes were joined together along with adjuvant and linkers and a vaccine was fabricated which was further subjected to 3D modeling. The physiochemical properties, allergenicity, and antigenicity were evaluated. Molecular docking and dynamics were performed with the obtained 3D model against toll like receptor (TLR-3) immune receptor. Lastly, in silico cloning was performed to ensure the expr...

Annals of Neurology, 2006

Since 1999, there have been nearly 20,000 cases of confirmed symptomatic West Nile virus (WNV) in... more Since 1999, there have been nearly 20,000 cases of confirmed symptomatic West Nile virus (WNV) infection in the United States, and it is likely that more than 1 million people have been infected by the virus. WNV is now the most common cause of epidemic viral encephalitis in the United States, and it will likely remain an important cause of neurological disease for the foreseeable future. Clinical syndromes produced by WNV infection include asymptomatic infection, West Nile Fever, and West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND). WNND includes syndromes of meningitis, encephalitis, and acute flaccid paralysis/poliomyelitis. The clinical, laboratory, and diagnostic features of these syndromes are reviewed here. Many patients with WNND have normal neuroimaging studies, but abnormalities may be present in areas including the basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, and brainstem. Cerebrospinal fluid invariably shows a pleocytosis, with a predominance of neutrophils in up to half the patients. Diagnosis of WNND depends predominantly on demonstration of WNV-specific IgM antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid. Recent studies suggest that some WNV-infected patients have persistent WNV IgM serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid antibody responses, and this may require revision of current serodiagnostic criteria. Although there is no proven therapy for WNND, several vaccines and antiviral therapy with antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, and interferon preparations are currently undergoing human clinical trials. Recovery from neurological sequelae of WNV infection including cognitive deficits and weakness may be prolonged and incomplete.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF NEONATAL MEDICINE AND RESEARCH

Introduction: Neonatal candidiasis is one of the leading causes of sepsis amongst newborns admitt... more Introduction: Neonatal candidiasis is one of the leading causes of sepsis amongst newborns admitted to newborn care unit, especially premature and Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies. It is one of the significant contributors to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Aim: To describe the spectrum and epidemiology of fungal sepsis in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at a tertiary care level. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted from January 2018- December 2019 in NICU of Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, a tertiary level hospital in Bhopal, Central India. All neonates, who had positive fungal blood culture were included in the study, their demographic data was analysed (age, birth weight, predisposing factors etc.,), maternal history, their response to the antifungal treatment documented and complications. Statistical analysis was done using the Chi- square test with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 2.0. Results: A total of ...