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Papers by mahamat nour

Resumen De Resoluciones Economico Administrativas Relativas a Los Tributos Cuya Gestion Corresponde a La Administracion Tributaria Canaria De Mayo a Agosto De 2011

Consejería de Economía y Hacienda, 2011

Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 2021

The objective of this study was to better understand the hydrological functioning of the Chari-Lo... more The objective of this study was to better understand the hydrological functioning of the Chari-Logone basin under the effect of the high variability of rainfall which has affected the Sahel during the last sixty years. The study is based on hydro-climatic data for the period between 1960 and 2015 obtained from the national and international institutions. This work based on the following steps: 1) Average hydrological balances were estimated for different geographical areas, to identify the most productive parts of the basin. 2) The rainfall-runoff relation was compared for the wettest and driest decades of the study period, to identify the areas that contribute most to the amplification of the hydrological response to variations in rainfall. 3) The long-term period stability of the rainfall-runoff relation was evaluated for climatic conditions close to the average situation, in order to detect potential evidence of the anthropogenic impact. New Hydrologic Insights for the Region: During the period 1960-2015, the average water flow in the Chari-Logone basin (42 mm/year) represented only 5% of precipitation. Between the two climatically most contrasted wet (1960− 1971) and dry (1982− 1997) periods, the average flow differed by 75 % against a decrease of 15 % of precipitation. Our hydroclimatic data show no clearly detectable evidence of an anthropogenic impact responsible for a decrease in flows or a modification of the hydrological regime in the Chari-Logone basin.

Mega Uretere Congenital Geant Sur Stenose Idiopathique De La Jonction Uretero Vesicale Chez Un Enfant De 5ANS

This project aimed to evaluate a dynamic eyetracking task as a measure of treatment response for ... more This project aimed to evaluate a dynamic eyetracking task as a measure of treatment response for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) social skills interventions. Adolescent and young adult participants with ASD completed the eyetracking task, as well as questionnaires and neurocognitive measures of social functioning, before, immediately after, and two months after completing an empirically-validated ASD social skills treatment (SCIT-A). The study compared SCIT-A participants (n = 17) to participants with ASD who received treatment as usual (TAU; n = 22). Reliability of the eyetracking measure was assessed in typically developing controls (n = 22), and results indicated good test-retest reliability (α = 0.86, ICC=0.801). Correlation analyses found no significant relationships between the eyetracking task and measures of social functioning in all individuals with ASD at baseline. Although SCIT-A participants showed a significant increase in visual social attention from baseline to post-tr...

1. Universaliser une solution politique

Gouverner les pauvres, 2012

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2017

Les eaux souterraines constituent l'une des principales sources d'approvisionnement en eau potabl... more Les eaux souterraines constituent l'une des principales sources d'approvisionnement en eau potable de la population du département de Fitri. Dans cette zone, aucune étude hydrochimique significative des eaux souterraines n'a été entreprise. C'est pourquoi, cette étude s'est fixée pour objectif principal de faire l'état de la qualité chimique des eaux de l'aquifère. Elle précise l'origine de la minéralisation dans les eaux souterraines à partir d'une combinaison des méthodes hydrochimiques et de l'analyse statistique multivariée. Les analyses physicochimiques ont été effectuées sur 21échantillons d'eau de pompes de villages autours de Yao et l'eau du lac Fitri. Cette étude montre que les eaux souterraines exploitées dans cette zone ont une température moyenne de 27.90 °C. Elles varient de 24,87 °C à Maskao et de 32,17 °C à Amdjoudoula, Syala, Mafé, N'Djamena-Bilala. Ces valeurs semblent être régies par les réactions physico-chimiques exothermiques telles que l'oxydation et la réduction. Dans l'ensemble, des eaux échantillonnées, les pH mesurés sont peu hétérogènes et se situent autour de la neutralité. Il varie de 6,34 à 8,13 avec une moyenne de 7,02. Les valeurs les plus faibles sont observées à Beptongo, Goubichou et Kilguim et les plus élevées à Abrania. Les valeurs de la conductivité électrique sont très hétérogènes et sont comprises entre 122 μS/cm et 18740 μS/cm. Cette conductivité qui augmente dans le sens de l'écoulement permet de conclure qu'il s'agit de l'influence de la nature lithologique plus ou moins évaporitiques. L'analyse en Classification Hiérarchique Ascendante (CHA) a permis d'identifier quatre groupes d'eau de compositions chimiques différentes.

テーピング施術経験の違いが関節可動域・瞬発力・敏捷性にもたらす影響

Cl measurements in groundwaters of the deep confined aquifer of the Lake Chad Basin (LCB) were pe... more Cl measurements in groundwaters of the deep confined aquifer of the Lake Chad Basin (LCB) were performed in order to constrain groundwater geochemical ages and residence times. Twenty-seven wells were sampled in Nigeria, Niger and Chad in the southern parts of the large (700 000 km 2 ) multilayered aquifer of the LCB. 36 Cl/Cl values range between 11±1.10 -15 to 148±8.10 -15 at/at. The highest ratios are observed near the recharge zone of the Nigerian part of the Continental Terminal aquifer, while the lowest ones are found in wells located near the southern fringe of the present-day lake Chad. Chloride concentrations are low (below 100 mg/l) and not correlated to the 36 Cl/Cl values, indicating negligible dissolution of evaporites in most samples. Reliable 36 Cl ages can be calculated along the different flow paths investigated, suggesting residence times of the deep groundwaters larger than 300 000 years. These results are consistent with new AMS- 14 C data below the detection lim...

La maladie de Biermer : étude rétrospective à propos de 59 cas à l’Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Sénégal

Resume : Introduction : La maladie de Biermer est une gastrite atrophique a predominance fundique... more Resume : Introduction : La maladie de Biermer est une gastrite atrophique a predominance fundique, d’origine autoimmune responsable d’une carence en vitamine B12 par defaut de facteur intrinseque. L’objectif de ce travail est d’etudier les caracteristiques epidemiologiques, diagnostiques, therapeutiques et evolutives de cette pathologie a l'Hopital Principal de Dakar qui est une structure senegalaise d’instruction des armees a forte vocation publique. Patients et Methodes : Il s’agit d’une etude retrospective allant du 1er janvier 2011 au 31 decembre 2016 (72 mois), et incluant les patients ayant une carence en vitamine B12 et /ou des signes indirects clinico-biologiques de carence, associee a un des elements suivants : presence d'anticorps anti-facteur intrinseque, ou presence de signes endoscopiques ou histologiques d'une gastrite fundique atrophique. Resultats : Cinquante-neuf cas ont ete colliges. Le sex-ratio etait de 0,9 (21 hommes, 31 femmes) et l’âge moyen de 56...

物理学经典著作《晶格动力学理论》评析

晶体原子最基本的运动方式之一就是围绕平衡位置进行微小振动，晶格动力学研究的主要内容是固体热学、电学、光学性质受晶格震动、品格原子震动、晶体结构的影响。黄昆和马克思·玻恩合著的《晶格动力学理论》以... more 晶体原子最基本的运动方式之一就是围绕平衡位置进行微小振动，晶格动力学研究的主要内容是固体热学、电学、光学性质受晶格震动、品格原子震动、晶体结构的影响。黄昆和马克思·玻恩合著的《晶格动力学理论》以量子力学为基础，对晶格动力学进行了全面深入的论述。本文将对《品格动力学理论》一书的历史进行介绍，并在此基础上阐述个人对于该书的感悟。

Perancangan Ulang Food Cart Barbeku Berdasarkan Aspek Rupa Untuk Kawasan Wisata Glamping Dusun Bambu

Abstrak Glamour Camping merupakan wisata camping yang menyuguhkan penginapan glamour setara denga... more Abstrak Glamour Camping merupakan wisata camping yang menyuguhkan penginapan glamour setara dengan hotel tetapi tetap memberikan kesan yang alami. Glamour Camping biasa disingkat menjadi Glamping ini diperuntukan bagi keluarga yang ingin merasakan wisata camping. Dalam glamping tersedia beberapa fasilitas, diantaranya barbeque. Pada saat kegiatan barbeku biasanya membutuhkan beberapa peralatan pendukung seperti kipas, arang, alat masak, bumbu dapur dll. Tetapi banyak pengunjung yang merasa kerepotan saat menyiapkan beberapa peralatan tersebut. Maka dari itu, pada perancangan kali ini peneliti ingin membuat sebuah perancangan food cart barbeque yang dirancang mengunakan aspek rupa. Penggunaan aspek rupa sangat dibutuhkan untuk menentukan bentuk, warna, tektur dan tanda agar desain yang dihasilkan dapat menyatukan alat-alat barbeque dalam satu tempat sehingga dapat memudahkan pengguna jika ingin melaksanakan kegiatan barbeque. Kata Kunci : Glamour Camping, Babeque, Food Chat, Aspek Ru...

International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review, 2017

Article Info Haraz Al Biar (Northern Chari-Baguirmi) is located in the semi-arid zone, limited to... more Article Info Haraz Al Biar (Northern Chari-Baguirmi) is located in the semi-arid zone, limited to the north by Lake Chad and on the west by Chari-Logone. The study of Haraz Al Biar aquifer system aims to improve its knowledge for the sustainable management of groundwater resources. In the study area, water sampling campaigns were realized. These samples have been the subject of the study of hydrodynamic and hydrochemical parameters of the aquifer system. The piezometric data show that the transfer of water from Lake Chad is hydraulically possible because the level of the lake is above the static level of the water table. The chemical data allowed to distinguish the difference between bicarbonate and sulphate facies.

Recharge and baseflow constrained by surface-water and groundwater chemistry: case study of the Chari River, Chad basin

Hydrogeology Journal, 2020

The Chari-Logone watershed is the only hydrologically active part of the Lake Chad Basin (Central... more The Chari-Logone watershed is the only hydrologically active part of the Lake Chad Basin (Central Africa). The Chari-Logone River and Lake Chad exchange water with the surrounding unconfined aquifers of sedimentary and crystalline rock types. In this study, the groundwater contribution to stream flow was quantified by taking advantage of a comprehensive hydrological and chemical database from the 1970s for the upper catchment, which has no equivalent to date. The study area was limited to the larger Chari catchment where the exchanges are mainly oriented from the aquifers to the stream. Upon identification of the mixing poles using end-member mixing analysis (EMMA), and a Monte Carlo inversion of a monthly mixing mass-balance model, an annual averaged base flow of 59 ± 10% of the total stream flow was estimated for 1969–1973. Then, a hydrological model accounting for baseflow and surface flow was calibrated using a 47-year-long monthly discharge time series, and the 4-years’ monthly averaged chemical data available. The simulations yielded an average baseflow of 64% of the annual discharge. The time-constant of the reservoir model (τ = 0.2 years) used to simulate the baseflow was interpreted in terms of hydraulic diffusivity, yielding a value in the order of 101 m2 s−1. This large value corresponds to a highly productive bedrock and thick sedimentary aquifers. The main contribution to the Chari stream flows is restricted to a 140,000-km2 subcatchment located in the southern tropical zone, where the recharge rate reaches 72 ± 6 mm year−1.

Aquatic Geochemistry, 2019

The Lake Chad Basin (LCB) is one of the main endorheic basins in the world and has undergone larg... more The Lake Chad Basin (LCB) is one of the main endorheic basins in the world and has undergone large level and surface variations during the last decades, particularly during the Sahelian dry period in the 1970s and the 1980s. The Chari-Logone River system covers 25% of the LCB but accounts for up to 82% of the Lake Chad water supply. The aim of this study is to investigate the dissolved phase transported by the Chari-Logone system, in order (i) to elucidate the origin and the behavior of major elements and the weathering processes in the watershed; (ii) to estimate the total dissolved flux, its variability over the last decades and the driving factors. To do so, samples were collected monthly between January 2013 and November 2016 at three representative sites of the basin: in the Chari River in "Chagoua", in the Logone River in "Ngueli" just before the confluence of both rivers, and at a downstream site in "Douguia", 30 km after the confluence. Concentrations in major elements displayed significant seasonal variations in the Chari and Logone waters. At the seasonal time scale, the comparison between the concentrations of chemical elements and the flow rates showed a hysteresis loop. This hysteresis behavior correspond to a variable contribution over time of two water bodies, fast surface water, and slow groundwater, the latter carrying higher concentrations and Ca/Na ratio, which may result from the contribution of pedogenic carbonate weathering to the dominant signature of silicate weathering. On the other hand, similar average concentrations are observed in the Chari and Logone rivers, despite contrasted annual runoff. In addition, an interannual stability of ionic concentrations was observed in the Chari-Logone river during the flood regime, both during the years covered by our monitoring (2013-2016) and during the predrought period (1969, 1972 et 1973). This situation corresponds to a chemostatic behavior, where the annual river discharge is the main factor controlling the interannual variation of chemical fluxes.

Journal of Counseling & Development, 2019

Although the counseling literature acknowledges the vital role of cognitive complexity in counsel... more Although the counseling literature acknowledges the vital role of cognitive complexity in counselor competence (see Skovholt & Jennings, 2017) and its impact on training (see Ridley, Mollen, & Kelly, 2011), there has not yet been an in-depth conceptual exploration of differentiation and integration as discrete yet interdependent cognitive processes. In this article, we propose that the domains of differentiation and integration represent unique cognitive complexity processes that evolve along distinct trajectories. Such a proposal has not been made in the counseling literature despite enduring interest on the topic. Current definitions of cognitive complexity tend to minimize the distinction between differentiation and integration by focusing on their combined behavioral consequences (see Rashid & Duys, 2015). If cognitive complexity is operationalized in process-oriented rather than behavioral terms, the distinction between differentiation and integration may support greater precision in clinical work and training. This process-oriented perspective lends itself to determining

Scientific Reports, 2019

the lack of data and suitable methods to quantify regional hydrological processes often hinders s... more the lack of data and suitable methods to quantify regional hydrological processes often hinders sustainable water management and adaptation to climate change in semiarid regions, particularly in the Sahel, which is known for its climatic variability. Here we show that 36 Cl from nuclear tests is a promising method to estimate water transit times and groundwater recharge rates on the catchment scale, and to distinguish water and chloride cycles. 36 Cl was measured in 131 surface and groundwater samples in the Chari-Logone sub-catchment of the emblematic Lake Chad Basin, located in central Sahel. It was found that only 12 ± 8% of the catchment is connected to the main rivers. Groundwater supporting rivers in the upper humid part of the catchment has a mean transit time of 9.5 ± 1 years and a recharge rate of 240 ± 170 mm yr −1. In the lower Sahelian part of the catchment, stream-focused recharge yields recharge rates up to 78 ± 7 mm yr −1 in riparian groundwater against 16 ± 27 mm yr −1 elsewhere. Our estimates suggest that aquifers in the Sahel host a significant amount of renewable water, which could therefore be used as a strategic freshwater resource.

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2019