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Papers by paint coat

Les/Wood

Different natural drying oils were used for surface finishing of common beech wood (Fagus sylvati... more Different natural drying oils were used for surface finishing of common beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.). Surface performances and properties of the oiled surfaces were investigated according to the standard tests. Drying time, colour and gloss changes, uptake of oils into wood and uptake of liquid water into oiled wood, were determined, and the wettability of oiled wood surfaces was investigated by determination of the apparent contact angles of water. The results of the standard resistance tests showed that tung oil, the commercial decking and linseed oil had the best water repellent and protective properties. Worse properties were determined for those surfaces finished with walnut, hemp and coconut oils.

This dataset includes the supplementary information related to the m... more This dataset includes the supplementary information related to the manuscript: Authors: Žigon J, Pavlič M, Kibleur P, Van den Bulcke J, Petrič M, Van Acker J, Dahle S Title: Treatment of wood with atmospheric plasma discharge: Study of the treatment process, dynamic wettability and interactions with a waterborne coating

European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-021-01724-z

This action will implement the new Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Solution Deposition (PECSD) technique... more This action will implement the new Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Solution Deposition (PECSD) technique for coating of wood and wood-based substrates. This technique synergistically employs plasma-chemistry in the gas phase and polymer chemistry in the liquid formulation, thus combining all benefits of conventional surface coatings and plasmabased deposition technologies. The implementation is divided into three main objectives: Objective I: Building the integrated device, Objective II: Optimization of the deposition parameters, and Objective III: Demonstrating the technique's capability and priming the industrial implementation. These objectives will lead to the generation of data: (I) on the construction, setup, and ongoing improvements of the device, (II) on the experimental protocols for film deposition and the properties of the resulting coatings, and (III) on the effectiveness of the demonstrated applications towards commercialization. Various kinds and forms of data will be generated throughout the project. No previous works on this specific kind of approach are known from the literature, hence no reuse of existing data is foreseen.

Les/Wood, 2019

Bacterial adhesion to surfaces and subsequent biofilm formation are the main causes of chronic in... more Bacterial adhesion to surfaces and subsequent biofilm formation are the main causes of chronic infections with a negative impact on human health, and this is a problem in the process of manufacturing furniture. This is an important issue, relevant also to the selection and production of furniture, where there is a focus on the development of products with antibacterial surfaces to which microorganisms do not adhere. The focus of our research was to test selected wood coatings (linseed oil, water-borne stain, nitrocellulose varnish, nano-coating) with regard to the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, where we used a beech plywood as the test surface. The topography of the test surfaces and the number of adhered bacteria were observed on SEM micrographs. The results indicate that the maximum number of bacteria adhered to the surface coated with linseed oil. In the future, extensive and in-depth studies will be needed to confirm and obtain the required results.

Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion, Volume 6

The development of a simple surface barrier discharge plasma device is presented to enable more w... more The development of a simple surface barrier discharge plasma device is presented to enable more widespread access to and utilization of plasma technology. The application of the plasma device was demonstrated for pretreatment of wood prior to application of protective coatings for outdoor usage. The coatings' overall performance was increased, showing a reduction or absence of cracking due to weathering on plasma-pretreated specimens. Moreover, after ten months of outdoor weathering, the plasma-pretreated specimens showed fewer infections with biotic factors and improved adhesion performance in cross-cut tests, while the surface gloss performed independently from plasma pretreatment. In contrast to that, plasma-pretreated specimens were slightly more prone to discoloration due to outdoor weathering, whereas the plasma pretreatment did not impact the initial color after coating application.

pubwww.carnet.hr

Several new compounds of the composition [Cu 2 (OOCC n H 2n+1) 4 (nia) 2 ] (nia = nicotinamide; n... more Several new compounds of the composition [Cu 2 (OOCC n H 2n+1) 4 (nia) 2 ] (nia = nicotinamide; n = 6 to 11) were synthesized, characterized and tested for fungicidal activity. Crystal structure determinations revealed dinuclear structures of the copper(II) acetate hydrate type for compounds [Cu 2 (OOCC 6 H 13) 4 (nia) 2 ]-A (1A), [Cu 2 (OOCC 6 H 13) 4 (nia) 2 ]-B (1B) and [Cu 2 (OOCC 8 H 17) 4 (nia) 2 ] (3). Other applied characterization methods indicate dimeric structures for all synthesized compounds [m eff (298 K) = 1.43-1.50 BM; characteristic band in UV-Vis spectra in the region l = 350-400 nm]. The same conclusion may also be deduced from the IR (D = n asym (COO-)-n sym (COO-) = 183-189 cm-1) and EPR spectra, though some differences were observed for heptanoate modification 1A, probably due to a different hydrogen bonding scheme. Screen-CROATICA CHEMICA ACTA CCACAA 72 (2-3) 427¿441 (1999) * Dedicated to Professor Boris Kamenar on the occasion of his 70 th birthday. ** Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. ing for fungicidal activity against the wood-rotting fungus Trametes versicolor (L. ex Fr.) Pilat shows that the compounds dissolved in DMSO completely stop mycelium growth at a concentration of 1.0´10-3 mol L-1. Some of them (n = 8, 9, 10) show strong activity also in more diluted solutions (1.0´10-4 mol L-1).

The effects of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment on the dielectric properties o... more The effects of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment on the dielectric properties of Norway spruce wood (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) were investigated using dielectric analysis. Dielectric constant (i.e. permittivity) and loss coefficient were determined at various frequencies. The resulting changes on lamellae specimens of different thicknesses were compared with the change in mass and moisture content. A significant influence of the plasma was found, leading to an increase of the dielectric constant by about 2%, and a decrease of sample mass directly after the plasma treatment by approx. 14%, whereas a reduction in moisture content by only about 0.6% and a corresponding change in loss coefficient were detected. Overall, the mechanisms of the observed changes remain unclear and seem mainly uncorrelated with the hitherto known chemical changes in wood surfaces caused by similar plasma discharges.Vpliv obdelave z dielektrično barierno razelektritveno (DBD) plazmo na dielek...

Forests, 2022

This study aims to investigate the influence of thermal modification (TM) on the physical and mec... more This study aims to investigate the influence of thermal modification (TM) on the physical and mechanical properties of wood. For this purpose, the experimental part focused on selected influential parameters, namely temperature, residence time, and density, while the four-point bending strength is obtained as the output parameter. The obtained experimental data are stochastically modeled and compared with the model created by genetic programming (GP). The classical mathematical analysis obtained treatment parameters in relation to the maximum bending strength (T = 187 °C, t = 125 min ρ = 0.780 g/cm3) and compared with the results obtained by genetic algorithm (GA) (T = 208 °C, t = 122 min, and ρ = 0.728 g/cm3). It is possible to obtain models that describe experimental results well with stochastic modeling and evolutionary algorithms.

lesu rdečega bora in nekaterih drugih lesnih substratih. Izvedli smo umetno pospešeno staranje ne... more lesu rdečega bora in nekaterih drugih lesnih substratih. Izvedli smo umetno pospešeno staranje nepremazanih in premazanih vzorcev ter ugotavljali vplive tega postopka na lastnosti, kot so oprijemnost premaza, barva, sijaj, kontaktni kot za vodo ter prepustnost premaza za vodno paro in tekočo vodo. Ugotovili smo, da je sistem ‘termično modificiran rdeči bor – premaz ’ primerljiv s sistemom ‘nemodificiran les – premaz’. Ključne besede: termična modifikacija, premaz, umetno pospešeno staranje, oprijemnost, barva, sijaj, kontaktni kot

Coatings, 2021

Parquet flooring is one of the most common types of flooring, the surface of which can be covered... more Parquet flooring is one of the most common types of flooring, the surface of which can be covered with various coatings. To avoid possible damage to the parquet during use, it is necessary to test the surfaces before installation according to various non-standard and standard protocols. The present study provides an overview of the interactions between the properties of selected waterborne coatings (solids content, hardness, resistance to cracking, tensile strength) and the properties of oak wood flooring surfaces (dry film thickness, coating adhesion, resistance to scratching, impact, abrasion and cold liquids). The tests conducted showed that the performance of the surface systems was highly dependent on the coating formulations, as they were either one- or two-component systems. Although no major differences in surface resistance to cold liquids were found, there was a correlation between coating thickness, hardness and tensile strength. The harder coatings had higher tensile str...

Les/Wood, 2020

Cellulose, 2020

Combinations of wood and metal are interesting hybrid composite materials, joining together the l... more Combinations of wood and metal are interesting hybrid composite materials, joining together the low density of wood with the stiffness and strength of metals. Different types of adhesives are used to connect wood and metal elements, but the compatibility between adhesives used and load-bearing materials must be sufficient, which often is challenging. In adhesive bonding technology, surface treatments are a crucial step in the process. In this study, an atmospheric plasma discharge was employed to enhance the adhesion strength of joints between common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood, metals (steel and aluminum alloy), and four different types of adhesives. The optical properties of plasma discharges and its influence on treated substrates’ surface morphology depended on the inherent properties of the treated materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the surface oxidation of all the materials after plasma treatment. Consequently, the surface free energy of all materials inc...

Holzforschung, 2018

The treatment of wood surfaces with gas discharges is one of the methods to achieve better surfac... more The treatment of wood surfaces with gas discharges is one of the methods to achieve better surface adhesion properties. Good penetration, spreading and wettability of the applied liquid adhesives and coatings is a crucial factor for their adequate mechanical properties. Plasmas are the result of electrical discharge and can be created in different ways. The plasma treatment (PT) is frequently executed prior to material bonding or coating via the so-called dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) at atmospheric pressure. This literature review summarizes the essential aspects of DBD PTs aiming at a better wettability and surface adhesion. After introduction of the principle of DBD, the individual effects of internal and external parameters of the process will be discussed, which influence the final properties of treated materials.

Wood Science and Technology, 2002

Norway spruce dust was impregnated with aqueous solutions of chromated copper wood preservatives.... more Norway spruce dust was impregnated with aqueous solutions of chromated copper wood preservatives. Immediately after treatment, observation of CO 2 evolution and O 2 consumption were performed. Significant quantities of CO 2 were released during reaction of chromium (K 2 Cr 2 O 7) containing solutions with wood or brown rotted wood. Nevertheless, during reaction of cellulose with these preservatives we did not observe evolution of CO 2. The presence of copper did not influence on concentration of CO 2. Opposite to CO 2 evolution, treatment of wood and brown rotted wood resulted in O 2 consumption. The oxygen concentration decrease in the measuring chamber was approximately 5 times greater than increase of concentration of carbon dioxide. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) observations of chromium fixation showed that chromium is reduced from Cr(VI) to Cr(III) with Cr(V) as an intermediate on wood, brown rotted wood and cellulose. However, the reduction on wood and brown rotted wood was faster than the reduction on cellulose, as determined from changes of Cr signals in EPR spectra. So, evolution of CO 2 and consumption of O 2 as well as EPR signals of Cr species thus indicate that brown rotted wood, consisting of lignin and hemicelluloses in contact with Cr(VI) reacts more intensively than cellulose, and possibly, oxidation mechanisms of lignin and cellulose with Cr(VI) are different.

Advanced Sustainable Systems, 2021

performance environmentally friendly materials. This is because new processes will be required th... more performance environmentally friendly materials. This is because new processes will be required that allow control on all hierarchical levels. Wood is well defined as a biological engineering material with a complex hierarchical structure of organic material based on cellulose fibrils embedded in a matrix of hemicelluloses and lignin. [1,2] Wood has long been used as a construction material, as well as for pulp and paper production. These applications are highly dependent on the properties of lignin in wood. Removal of lignin is the key step in pulp and paper production, in addition to the conversion of biomass to liquid biofuels. Lignin was first discovered in wood by Anselme Payen in 1839, [3] as the incrusting material that must be removed to isolate the useful fibers in wood. Research pertaining to wood nanotechnology or functional wood materials is a rapidly emerging field. Functional wood materials are mostly fabricated by treating hierarchical natural templates (wood cell wall) by chemical and thermal means. These treatments selectively modify the wood cell wall structure (fine pore spaces and inner lumen surface area) for different applications. [4] The pore region and inner lumen surface have actively been modified to enhance the bulk properties of wood using organic chemicals, [5] inorganic chemicals, organic-inorganic chemicals, [6,7] and thermal methods. [8] Hybrid wood scaffolds have been prepared for diverse applications such as magnetic wood, [9,10] as well as wood-mineral and wood-metal hybrids. [11] Recent research on delignified wood (DW) has emerged from the classical pulp production method. In the preparation of DW, the embedded lignin is removed from the wood cell wall structure, while maintaining the natural hierarchical cellulosic structure. [12] Initially, DW was prepared in order to understand the unknown ultrastructure of wood cell walls. However, since 2015, research in this area has rapidly expanded to focus on the development of wood-based functional scaffolds. Within the literature, DW is predominantly prepared using alkaline delignification methods such as Kraft pulping (a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium sulfite (Na 2 SO 3)) heated to boiling temperature), followed by bleaching using hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) to remove the lignin. DW is chemically hydrophilic due to the presence and exposure of hydroxyl groups and possible sites for DW functionalization. DW scaffolds have been functionalized

BioResources, 2008

A series of experiments were carried out to investigate photo-degradation of thermally modified (... more A series of experiments were carried out to investigate photo-degradation of thermally modified (at 210oC and minus 0.9 bars for two hours) and non-modified spruce wood [Picea abies L (Karst)], coated with transparent and semitransparent (with 3% pigment content) acrylic coatings during artificial UV light irradiation for 200 hours. Photo-degradation was evaluated in terms of colour changes throughout the irradiation period at an interval of 50 hours, along with IR and EPR spectroscopic study. One set of modified and non-modified woods was painted with coatings, while the other set was covered with free films made of coatings, just to simulate coated wood. The colour changes for both modified and non-modified wood samples without paint-coat or free film cover were comparable to that of wood samples with paint-coat and free film cover for transparent coat type, which indicated its ineffective-ness to prevent photo-degradation of wood underneath. However, the colour changes for both m...

Cellulose, 2016

A relatively new approach for wood protection against fungal decay is based on hydrophobization o... more A relatively new approach for wood protection against fungal decay is based on hydrophobization of wood and on lowering its moisture content. Water repellence of wood can be increased by polymerization of hydrophobic monomers in wood cell walls. It was found that Norway spruce wood after treatment with octadecyltrichlorosilane exhibited reduced water uptake by the wood cell walls, lowered water vapour sorption, and significantly increased dimensional stability of wood in terms of anti-swelling efficiency. Hydrophobicity and lower equilibrium moisture content were shown to cause increased resistance of the treated samples against brown-rot decay and molds.

Bioresources, Feb 19, 2008

A series of experiments were carried out to investigate photodegradation of thermally modified (a... more A series of experiments were carried out to investigate photodegradation of thermally modified (at 210 o C and minus 0.9 bars for two hours) and non-modified spruce wood [Picea abies L (Karst)], coated with transparent and semitransparent (with 3% pigment content) acrylic coatings during artificial UV light irradiation for 200 hours. Photodegradation was evaluated in terms of colour changes throughout the irradiation period at an interval of 50 hours, along with IR and EPR spectroscopic study. One set of modified and non-modified woods was painted with coatings, while the other set was covered with free films made of coatings, just to simulate coated wood. The colour changes for both modified and non-modified wood samples without paint-coat or free film cover were comparable to that of wood samples with paint-coat and free film cover for transparent coat type, which indicated its ineffectiveness to prevent photo-degradation of wood underneath. However, the colour changes for both modified and non-modified wood samples with paint-coat and free film cover were much lower than those of samples without paint-coat or free film cover for semitransparent coat type, which might be due to hindrance of transmission of light energy through pigment to reach the underlying wood surface. On the other hand, whole substrate-coating system showed better photo-stability, when thermally modified wood was used as substrate. However, the colour changes of paint-coated and free-film covered samples for both modified and non modified woods might be due to colour changes of wood specimen underneath, because free films of both the coat types showed negligible colour change during UV irradiation.