peter bridgewater - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by peter bridgewater
Nature, 1969
ABSTRACT SIMS1 suggests that instability of substrate resulting from wind and water erosion could... more ABSTRACT SIMS1 suggests that instability of substrate resulting from wind and water erosion could be a factor relevant to the existence of the Teesdale rarities, and asks the question, ``Have the bare areas been the subject of critical study ?''
Ecohydrology Hydrobiology, 2002
Revista Internacional De Ciencias Sociales International Social Science Journal, 2003
ABSTRACT A primera vista, los argumentos formulados en el plano internacional sobre la caza de ba... more ABSTRACT A primera vista, los argumentos formulados en el plano internacional sobre la caza de ballenas son sencillos. La idea de que habría que prohibirla suscita un amplio apoyo, mientras que algunos países se oponen enérgicamente a ella. Ahora bien, los argumentos son en realidad mucho más complejos y ponen de manifiesto, entre otras cosas, la distancia cada vez mayor que media entre el marco jurídico existente y las cuestiones a las que debería aplicarse en la actualidad, distancia que, a su vez, refleja la creciente complejidad del debate ambiental, en particular las tensiones entre la ecología tradicional y los planteamientos hostiles al antropocentrismo. En el artículo se destacan las dificultades con que tropieza este marco para tratar los aspectos humanos de la diversidad cultural así como el hecho de que la dinámica ecológica abarca múltiples escalas. La conclusión es que, una vez iniciado el debate, puede haberse perdido el interés por cuestiones urgentes de conservación.
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011
Is a target a goal? What is an indicator? Targets, or goals, are the desired outcomes of a policy... more Is a target a goal? What is an indicator? Targets, or goals, are the desired outcomes of a policy framework; they show where we want to be and represent the successful implementation of policy. To get there, a mission is needed, but all too often this is confused with targets, goals and vision. Good targets need good indicators to measure success along the way. However, indicators are often left aside from target setting, a self-defeating strategy and one regrettably followed by the Convention on Biological Diversity in 2002 and again in 2010 in setting global targets for reducing the rate of loss of biodiversity. Embracing a highly aspirational target (i.e. reduce the rate of loss of biodiversity by 2010) is easy, but measuring the success of that target is the tricky bit! SMART targets are well known, but CUTE targets (Comprehensive, Understandable, Time-bound and Enabling) can be more effective in public policy setting. Often in public policy, the focus is all on process and outputs, and all too rarely on outcomes. Targets can capitalize on the input from policy, but must be informed by potential indicators from the outset and, in the end, must also enable policy delivery and refreshed outcomes, a critical failing of the 2010 target.
Wageningen UR Frontis Series, 2004
Cultural landscapes, in a nomenclatural sense, are an IUCN Protected Area category, a special sub... more Cultural landscapes, in a nomenclatural sense, are an IUCN Protected Area category, a special sub-set of sites inscribed on the World Heritage List, and a concept in landscape ecology. Various authors have recently indicated the essentially cultural nature of all landscapes, even using the term biocultural landscape. It is perhaps a truism that all landscapes are cultural, it just being a matter of degree. We argue that cultural landscapes are in fact special and recognizable, that they do exist, and that they have a clear future as part of the multifunctional tapestry of European landscapes. The major factor in the identification and maintenance of cultural landscapes is the understanding of the world views that have shaped them. The key issue for the future is what policy settings are needed to ensure their survival in the face of environmental homogenization, as part of the general process of globalization.
Yearbook of International Environmental Law, 2014
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2016
Journal of Environmental Education, 1984
Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2016
Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2016
Open Journal of Ecology, 2014
Zonation of land or water areas is a tool frequently used to clarify management objectives, assis... more Zonation of land or water areas is a tool frequently used to clarify management objectives, assist with monitoring of the effectiveness of those objectives and reconcile user conflicts. The Ramsar Convention has promoted zonation for wetlands as a management tool, but in a rather unstructured way, in contrast to the highly structured three-zone system of UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserves. At the same time, over the last 40 years IUCN has been developing a categorisation system for protected areas, currently based on management and monitoring objectives. Research undertaken primarily on wetlands in China, but with desk-top study in other regions has shown that by using these management and monitoring objectives as guiding principles, and building on the Biosphere Reserve zonation system, a new approach is possible for wetland protected or conserved areas. Developing from the three-zone system of Biosphere Reserves this new approach proposes four zones, offering more utility and flexibility for managing, monitoring and comparing wetland conservation sites, both spatially and temporally.
Boon/River Conservation and Management, 2012
ABSTRACT Ecclesiastes 1:7 (King James Version): All the rivers runinto the sea; yet the sea is no... more ABSTRACT Ecclesiastes 1:7 (King James Version): All the rivers runinto the sea; yet the sea is not full; unto the place from whence the rivers come, thither they return again. Through the centuries writers, poets and visual artists - not to mention indigenous peoples, have set their stories and visual imagery against the majesty and power of rivers. And the rivers have flowed on, powerfully and quietly through landscapes increasingly transformed by human action, and flowed through institutional landscapes, creating and modelling our approach to environmental management.Looking at river flows through institutional landscapes we go from the first world environmental gathering in Stockholm in 1972 to the UN General Assembly in 2000 which adopted the eight Millennium Development Goals, Goal 7 being on environmental sustainability. Much of the last 20 years has been focused on integrated management of various kinds and under various names, much guided by discussion among the group of agencies now known as UN-Water. At the same time Europe was regionally addressing these issues through directives of the European Union, and some Conventions established under the Council of Europe.There are now new concepts to grasp and understand – for example, ecological flows, catchment models, integrated water resources management. Two centuries ago the idea that a proportion of a river's flow should be allocated to other environmental functions – the so-called ecological or environmental flow – would have seemed incomprehensible. It has now become commonplace to talk of ecosystem services and use this as shorthand to value ecosystems.So a new paradigm is needed for thinking about rivers; recognizing them as 4-dimensional, anastomosing features that connect, rather than divide, landscapes, linking alpine lakes to coral reefs. As the beaver is an ecosystem engineer in river systems, rivers are great landscape engineers, something our puny attempts at environmental engineering often suffer by.All the rivers run….
Nature, justice and governance, 2004
Intervening in the New Ecological World Order, 2013
Environmental Science & Policy, 2015
Sustainability, 2014
The 2014 Conference of the Parties (COP 12) for the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was ... more The 2014 Conference of the Parties (COP 12) for the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was another step on the road to achieving the Aichi Targets the CBD agreed in 2010. It was also a key step on the way to making progress towards the vision of a more balanced relationship between people and the rest of biodiversity by 2050.
Intervening in the New Ecological World Order, 2013
Nature, 1969
ABSTRACT SIMS1 suggests that instability of substrate resulting from wind and water erosion could... more ABSTRACT SIMS1 suggests that instability of substrate resulting from wind and water erosion could be a factor relevant to the existence of the Teesdale rarities, and asks the question, ``Have the bare areas been the subject of critical study ?''
Ecohydrology Hydrobiology, 2002
Revista Internacional De Ciencias Sociales International Social Science Journal, 2003
ABSTRACT A primera vista, los argumentos formulados en el plano internacional sobre la caza de ba... more ABSTRACT A primera vista, los argumentos formulados en el plano internacional sobre la caza de ballenas son sencillos. La idea de que habría que prohibirla suscita un amplio apoyo, mientras que algunos países se oponen enérgicamente a ella. Ahora bien, los argumentos son en realidad mucho más complejos y ponen de manifiesto, entre otras cosas, la distancia cada vez mayor que media entre el marco jurídico existente y las cuestiones a las que debería aplicarse en la actualidad, distancia que, a su vez, refleja la creciente complejidad del debate ambiental, en particular las tensiones entre la ecología tradicional y los planteamientos hostiles al antropocentrismo. En el artículo se destacan las dificultades con que tropieza este marco para tratar los aspectos humanos de la diversidad cultural así como el hecho de que la dinámica ecológica abarca múltiples escalas. La conclusión es que, una vez iniciado el debate, puede haberse perdido el interés por cuestiones urgentes de conservación.
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011
Is a target a goal? What is an indicator? Targets, or goals, are the desired outcomes of a policy... more Is a target a goal? What is an indicator? Targets, or goals, are the desired outcomes of a policy framework; they show where we want to be and represent the successful implementation of policy. To get there, a mission is needed, but all too often this is confused with targets, goals and vision. Good targets need good indicators to measure success along the way. However, indicators are often left aside from target setting, a self-defeating strategy and one regrettably followed by the Convention on Biological Diversity in 2002 and again in 2010 in setting global targets for reducing the rate of loss of biodiversity. Embracing a highly aspirational target (i.e. reduce the rate of loss of biodiversity by 2010) is easy, but measuring the success of that target is the tricky bit! SMART targets are well known, but CUTE targets (Comprehensive, Understandable, Time-bound and Enabling) can be more effective in public policy setting. Often in public policy, the focus is all on process and outputs, and all too rarely on outcomes. Targets can capitalize on the input from policy, but must be informed by potential indicators from the outset and, in the end, must also enable policy delivery and refreshed outcomes, a critical failing of the 2010 target.
Wageningen UR Frontis Series, 2004
Cultural landscapes, in a nomenclatural sense, are an IUCN Protected Area category, a special sub... more Cultural landscapes, in a nomenclatural sense, are an IUCN Protected Area category, a special sub-set of sites inscribed on the World Heritage List, and a concept in landscape ecology. Various authors have recently indicated the essentially cultural nature of all landscapes, even using the term biocultural landscape. It is perhaps a truism that all landscapes are cultural, it just being a matter of degree. We argue that cultural landscapes are in fact special and recognizable, that they do exist, and that they have a clear future as part of the multifunctional tapestry of European landscapes. The major factor in the identification and maintenance of cultural landscapes is the understanding of the world views that have shaped them. The key issue for the future is what policy settings are needed to ensure their survival in the face of environmental homogenization, as part of the general process of globalization.
Yearbook of International Environmental Law, 2014
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2016
Journal of Environmental Education, 1984
Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2016
Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2016
Open Journal of Ecology, 2014
Zonation of land or water areas is a tool frequently used to clarify management objectives, assis... more Zonation of land or water areas is a tool frequently used to clarify management objectives, assist with monitoring of the effectiveness of those objectives and reconcile user conflicts. The Ramsar Convention has promoted zonation for wetlands as a management tool, but in a rather unstructured way, in contrast to the highly structured three-zone system of UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserves. At the same time, over the last 40 years IUCN has been developing a categorisation system for protected areas, currently based on management and monitoring objectives. Research undertaken primarily on wetlands in China, but with desk-top study in other regions has shown that by using these management and monitoring objectives as guiding principles, and building on the Biosphere Reserve zonation system, a new approach is possible for wetland protected or conserved areas. Developing from the three-zone system of Biosphere Reserves this new approach proposes four zones, offering more utility and flexibility for managing, monitoring and comparing wetland conservation sites, both spatially and temporally.
Boon/River Conservation and Management, 2012
ABSTRACT Ecclesiastes 1:7 (King James Version): All the rivers runinto the sea; yet the sea is no... more ABSTRACT Ecclesiastes 1:7 (King James Version): All the rivers runinto the sea; yet the sea is not full; unto the place from whence the rivers come, thither they return again. Through the centuries writers, poets and visual artists - not to mention indigenous peoples, have set their stories and visual imagery against the majesty and power of rivers. And the rivers have flowed on, powerfully and quietly through landscapes increasingly transformed by human action, and flowed through institutional landscapes, creating and modelling our approach to environmental management.Looking at river flows through institutional landscapes we go from the first world environmental gathering in Stockholm in 1972 to the UN General Assembly in 2000 which adopted the eight Millennium Development Goals, Goal 7 being on environmental sustainability. Much of the last 20 years has been focused on integrated management of various kinds and under various names, much guided by discussion among the group of agencies now known as UN-Water. At the same time Europe was regionally addressing these issues through directives of the European Union, and some Conventions established under the Council of Europe.There are now new concepts to grasp and understand – for example, ecological flows, catchment models, integrated water resources management. Two centuries ago the idea that a proportion of a river's flow should be allocated to other environmental functions – the so-called ecological or environmental flow – would have seemed incomprehensible. It has now become commonplace to talk of ecosystem services and use this as shorthand to value ecosystems.So a new paradigm is needed for thinking about rivers; recognizing them as 4-dimensional, anastomosing features that connect, rather than divide, landscapes, linking alpine lakes to coral reefs. As the beaver is an ecosystem engineer in river systems, rivers are great landscape engineers, something our puny attempts at environmental engineering often suffer by.All the rivers run….
Nature, justice and governance, 2004
Intervening in the New Ecological World Order, 2013
Environmental Science & Policy, 2015
Sustainability, 2014
The 2014 Conference of the Parties (COP 12) for the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was ... more The 2014 Conference of the Parties (COP 12) for the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was another step on the road to achieving the Aichi Targets the CBD agreed in 2010. It was also a key step on the way to making progress towards the vision of a more balanced relationship between people and the rest of biodiversity by 2050.
Intervening in the New Ecological World Order, 2013