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Research paper thumbnail of The Development of Small Scale and Low-Cost Galvanic Cells as a Teaching Tool for Electrochemistry

A simple method for construction of small-scale and low-cost galvanic cells was developed as a te... more A simple method for construction of small-scale and low-cost galvanic cells was developed as a teaching tool
for electrochemistry of high school students. The method was designed based on the concept of “Green chemistry”
reducing use of chemicals, less waste generation, and time consumption while retaining the experimental concepts.
The galvanic cells contain various electrodes, including Cu, Zn, Al, Mg and Fe, and a low cost salt bridge which was
made from a cotton thread (with the length of 18 cm) soaked with electrolyte solutions. Our experimental setup
corresponded to the conventional platform; but with lesser use of electrolyte solution (2.00 mL). The cells were
studied for the optimum conditions including concentration of electrolyte of each cell (0.01 M), the solutions employed
as salt bridge (0.01M KNO3) as well as the study of reagent lifetime of electrolyte (720 h). The results obtained from
the constructed galvanic cells were compared to those from the galvanic cells developed through conventional
method. According to the t-test, the cell potential values obtained from both methods were comparable (tstat = 2.414,
tcrictical = 2.447) at p= 0.05. The analysis of pre-test and post-test scores of the students (before and after using the
developed cells, respectively) was also performed revealing the mean values of 4.69 and 8.15, respectively, with the
difference of mean percentage for the pre-test and post-test scores being 34.89%. CV (coefficient variation) was
24.09% and 15.82% for the pre-test and post-test, respectively. According to the paired-samples t-test analysis, the
scores of the two examinations were significantly different (tobserved = 9.55, tcritical = 2.07) at p=0.05. The improved posttest
scores obtained from the students indicate their increased understanding towards the small scale and low cost
galvanic cells. The approaches presented herein are expected to be cost-effective and useful teaching tool
incorporated into high school education.

Research paper thumbnail of The Development of Small Scale and Low-Cost Galvanic Cells as a Teaching Tool for Electrochemistry

A simple method for construction of small-scale and low-cost galvanic cells was developed as a te... more A simple method for construction of small-scale and low-cost galvanic cells was developed as a teaching tool
for electrochemistry of high school students. The method was designed based on the concept of “Green chemistry”
reducing use of chemicals, less waste generation, and time consumption while retaining the experimental concepts.
The galvanic cells contain various electrodes, including Cu, Zn, Al, Mg and Fe, and a low cost salt bridge which was
made from a cotton thread (with the length of 18 cm) soaked with electrolyte solutions. Our experimental setup
corresponded to the conventional platform; but with lesser use of electrolyte solution (2.00 mL). The cells were
studied for the optimum conditions including concentration of electrolyte of each cell (0.01 M), the solutions employed
as salt bridge (0.01M KNO3) as well as the study of reagent lifetime of electrolyte (720 h). The results obtained from
the constructed galvanic cells were compared to those from the galvanic cells developed through conventional
method. According to the t-test, the cell potential values obtained from both methods were comparable (tstat = 2.414,
tcrictical = 2.447) at p= 0.05. The analysis of pre-test and post-test scores of the students (before and after using the
developed cells, respectively) was also performed revealing the mean values of 4.69 and 8.15, respectively, with the
difference of mean percentage for the pre-test and post-test scores being 34.89%. CV (coefficient variation) was
24.09% and 15.82% for the pre-test and post-test, respectively. According to the paired-samples t-test analysis, the
scores of the two examinations were significantly different (tobserved = 9.55, tcritical = 2.07) at p=0.05. The improved posttest
scores obtained from the students indicate their increased understanding towards the small scale and low cost
galvanic cells. The approaches presented herein are expected to be cost-effective and useful teaching tool
incorporated into high school education.

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