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Papers by Dr. Pradeep Kumar M
Kerala Sociologist, 2020
“Fishing hamlet of Kerala”, “Rice bowl of mid-Travancore”, “Cultural locus of Kollam”; Alappad, a... more “Fishing hamlet of Kerala”, “Rice bowl of mid-Travancore”, “Cultural locus of Kollam”; Alappad, a small village situated in the Kollam district of Kerala was once christened thus. But, in mid–twenties’ when Germans discovered the presence of rare earths monazite, ilmanite, rutile and zircon the crude atomic fuels in the beach sand of Alappad, instigating an involuntary migration process. Resultantly, Alappad, which was once a self- sustainable coastal village is now being under the claws of extensive industrial exploitation.
When rare earth minerals were discovered in Alappad, Germans initiated mining of beach sand. In the Post-independence period, two Indian companies obtained the “Mining Licenses”. By 1980s’, the Beach Sand Mining was accelerated by introducing modern mechanical ways and means. Since then, two types of forced migration can be observed in Alappad: 1) migration of inhabitants due to land acquisition for extensive mining, 2) by means of negative environmental impacts including natural calamities (an indirect effect of Beach Sand Mining).
Employing qualitative research techniques to data collection, this paper unfolds the story of Kerala’s largest ever involuntary migration occurred due to industrial exploitation and examines the social, economic and cultural impacts it had created in the lives of the migrants.
Keywords: Beach Sand Mining, Alappad, Displacement , Kerala,
Kerala Sociologist , 2019
Kerala has attained appreciably good health status compared to other States in India. This remark... more Kerala has attained appreciably good health status compared to other States in India. This remarkable achievement in health in spite of its fiscal hardships has motivated many researchers to think about the unique "Kerala Model of Health' 'competing to other developed countries. The uniqueness of Kerala model is health at low cost, universal accessibility and availability to all segments of society. India's Niti Aayog published the second report 'Healthy States, Progressive India', on June 25, 2019 which rates the performance of states on the basis of 23 health parameters crucial to meeting the Sustainable Development Goals, has provided a miserable picture. Kerala has emerged as the top ranking state in terms of overall health performance, while Uttar Pradesh and Bihar were ranked the two worst performers. The dismal facts came the national health care is its comparison of base years of 2015-2016 to the reference year2017-2018. This comparison showed that Haryana, Rajasthan and Jharkhand, which do not have a good overall, score but improved the most. When Kerala, which topped the index, has not performed as good as it did two years ago. The incremental score of Kerala is negative and bags 16th positions among the Indian states. State's health scenario is slowly drifting towards the decay of public health system. High rate of dependency on private hospitals even smallest of health issues, deterioration in key public health intervention such as availability and accessibility of accredited community and primary health centres, ASHA volunteers, palliative care etc. highlights to revisit the health care governance. The committee of the state's health policy laid emphasis on strengthening the primary health sector of the State which would play a pivotal role in the need for strengthening disease surveillance at the grass root level to prevent the spreading of epidemics. The policy again envisages publicly funded health care system and states direct involvement in financial support to ensure the accessibility of health care also. This paper discusses the need of bringing in inevitable reformations in the public health care governance of Kerala.
Pespectives in Social Work, 2021
The high rate of urbanisation highlights the demand for powerful urban governance and delivery sy... more The high rate of urbanisation highlights the demand for powerful urban governance and delivery system. However, the urban local government institutions are functioning in a highly restrictive environment. The autonomy they experience in functional system is too little to deliver sophisticated urban services. At present, the functional autonomy of local governance gets questioned by the over dependence on the State and Central government agencies. Mushrooming of parastatal organisations duplicate the functions of local governance in the State. As a result, the expenditure of government increases, while governance declines. At this juncture, the doctrine of minimum government structures and maximum governance systems which can be ensured by defending functional freedoms of urban local governance, comes into significance. The paper examines the present prospects and challenges of functional autonomy of urban local governance in Kerala in the context of its rapid pace of urbanisation.
Conference Presentations by Dr. Pradeep Kumar M
smart sustainable and inclusive cities: Changing Urban Dynamics, 2020
Though Kerala has been well acclaimed on its models and strategies of development, Adivasis and D... more Though Kerala has been well acclaimed on its models and strategies of development, Adivasis and Dalits are being excluded from the developmental forefront since the State's inception. Over the decades the displacement has resulted in struggles among tribal people for resources of land and livelihood. Generally this phenomenon is absolute and common in North India, but it evoked a rethinking in Kerala, particularly on its 'unfulfilled land reforms'. This paper argues that the state's policy on land assignment to the tribes is not in par with the need of the settlers, but as in the form of an 'absolute stake-holder' to conserve the land and ecosystem. Here development by inclusion has been replaced by conservation by exclusion. But the government, on the contrary to the declared conservation principles has been engaged in the construction of Dams, promoting tourism and plantations. On the opposite side, tribal communities were alienated from their land on the basis of deterring land policies, which created tribal unrest. The continued threat of displacement, marginalisation and deprivation mobilised the people to campaign against the state's policy. It may be surmised that often the discontents on land and livelihood resources may pave way for an improper route to infiltrate Maoist ideological movement. This paper highlights the sustained threat of displacement of tribal communities in conservation by exclusion and the state instrumental fight against Maoist insurgency in Kerala.
Drafts by Dr. Pradeep Kumar M
Debates in rebuilding Kerala after the two back-to-back deluges drew the attention to strengthen ... more Debates in rebuilding Kerala after the two back-to-back deluges drew the attention to strengthen environmental governance at grass root level. In the wake of the scarcity of catastrophic data banks, the deficit in bottom level governance to address the demand of environmental alertness and the inability to implement environment and people friendly decisions accelerate to own up a new notion of participatory environmental governance. The pro-environmental governance declared in the State's Peoples Planning Campaign at the late nineties the was endured as an unfinished dream. Once the movement envisaged the contents of humanities in the ecological theory and practice, but later it keeps a long run back to consider the organic relation between socioeconomic and environmental elements while preparing the local development plans. The grass root governance systems are unable to address the present land use pattern, local resource management, river and water management, indigenous Knowledge system etc. This article tries to express the view that rebuilding doesn't mean to reconstruct the environment only, but to rejuvenate the entire social economic and livelihood measures of the state. It seeks to explain the need of pro-environment management and environment alertness at the ground level and how it is expected to become the prime responsibilities of the bottom level governance.
Kerala Sociologist, 2020
“Fishing hamlet of Kerala”, “Rice bowl of mid-Travancore”, “Cultural locus of Kollam”; Alappad, a... more “Fishing hamlet of Kerala”, “Rice bowl of mid-Travancore”, “Cultural locus of Kollam”; Alappad, a small village situated in the Kollam district of Kerala was once christened thus. But, in mid–twenties’ when Germans discovered the presence of rare earths monazite, ilmanite, rutile and zircon the crude atomic fuels in the beach sand of Alappad, instigating an involuntary migration process. Resultantly, Alappad, which was once a self- sustainable coastal village is now being under the claws of extensive industrial exploitation.
When rare earth minerals were discovered in Alappad, Germans initiated mining of beach sand. In the Post-independence period, two Indian companies obtained the “Mining Licenses”. By 1980s’, the Beach Sand Mining was accelerated by introducing modern mechanical ways and means. Since then, two types of forced migration can be observed in Alappad: 1) migration of inhabitants due to land acquisition for extensive mining, 2) by means of negative environmental impacts including natural calamities (an indirect effect of Beach Sand Mining).
Employing qualitative research techniques to data collection, this paper unfolds the story of Kerala’s largest ever involuntary migration occurred due to industrial exploitation and examines the social, economic and cultural impacts it had created in the lives of the migrants.
Keywords: Beach Sand Mining, Alappad, Displacement , Kerala,
Kerala Sociologist , 2019
Kerala has attained appreciably good health status compared to other States in India. This remark... more Kerala has attained appreciably good health status compared to other States in India. This remarkable achievement in health in spite of its fiscal hardships has motivated many researchers to think about the unique "Kerala Model of Health' 'competing to other developed countries. The uniqueness of Kerala model is health at low cost, universal accessibility and availability to all segments of society. India's Niti Aayog published the second report 'Healthy States, Progressive India', on June 25, 2019 which rates the performance of states on the basis of 23 health parameters crucial to meeting the Sustainable Development Goals, has provided a miserable picture. Kerala has emerged as the top ranking state in terms of overall health performance, while Uttar Pradesh and Bihar were ranked the two worst performers. The dismal facts came the national health care is its comparison of base years of 2015-2016 to the reference year2017-2018. This comparison showed that Haryana, Rajasthan and Jharkhand, which do not have a good overall, score but improved the most. When Kerala, which topped the index, has not performed as good as it did two years ago. The incremental score of Kerala is negative and bags 16th positions among the Indian states. State's health scenario is slowly drifting towards the decay of public health system. High rate of dependency on private hospitals even smallest of health issues, deterioration in key public health intervention such as availability and accessibility of accredited community and primary health centres, ASHA volunteers, palliative care etc. highlights to revisit the health care governance. The committee of the state's health policy laid emphasis on strengthening the primary health sector of the State which would play a pivotal role in the need for strengthening disease surveillance at the grass root level to prevent the spreading of epidemics. The policy again envisages publicly funded health care system and states direct involvement in financial support to ensure the accessibility of health care also. This paper discusses the need of bringing in inevitable reformations in the public health care governance of Kerala.
Pespectives in Social Work, 2021
The high rate of urbanisation highlights the demand for powerful urban governance and delivery sy... more The high rate of urbanisation highlights the demand for powerful urban governance and delivery system. However, the urban local government institutions are functioning in a highly restrictive environment. The autonomy they experience in functional system is too little to deliver sophisticated urban services. At present, the functional autonomy of local governance gets questioned by the over dependence on the State and Central government agencies. Mushrooming of parastatal organisations duplicate the functions of local governance in the State. As a result, the expenditure of government increases, while governance declines. At this juncture, the doctrine of minimum government structures and maximum governance systems which can be ensured by defending functional freedoms of urban local governance, comes into significance. The paper examines the present prospects and challenges of functional autonomy of urban local governance in Kerala in the context of its rapid pace of urbanisation.
smart sustainable and inclusive cities: Changing Urban Dynamics, 2020
Though Kerala has been well acclaimed on its models and strategies of development, Adivasis and D... more Though Kerala has been well acclaimed on its models and strategies of development, Adivasis and Dalits are being excluded from the developmental forefront since the State's inception. Over the decades the displacement has resulted in struggles among tribal people for resources of land and livelihood. Generally this phenomenon is absolute and common in North India, but it evoked a rethinking in Kerala, particularly on its 'unfulfilled land reforms'. This paper argues that the state's policy on land assignment to the tribes is not in par with the need of the settlers, but as in the form of an 'absolute stake-holder' to conserve the land and ecosystem. Here development by inclusion has been replaced by conservation by exclusion. But the government, on the contrary to the declared conservation principles has been engaged in the construction of Dams, promoting tourism and plantations. On the opposite side, tribal communities were alienated from their land on the basis of deterring land policies, which created tribal unrest. The continued threat of displacement, marginalisation and deprivation mobilised the people to campaign against the state's policy. It may be surmised that often the discontents on land and livelihood resources may pave way for an improper route to infiltrate Maoist ideological movement. This paper highlights the sustained threat of displacement of tribal communities in conservation by exclusion and the state instrumental fight against Maoist insurgency in Kerala.
Debates in rebuilding Kerala after the two back-to-back deluges drew the attention to strengthen ... more Debates in rebuilding Kerala after the two back-to-back deluges drew the attention to strengthen environmental governance at grass root level. In the wake of the scarcity of catastrophic data banks, the deficit in bottom level governance to address the demand of environmental alertness and the inability to implement environment and people friendly decisions accelerate to own up a new notion of participatory environmental governance. The pro-environmental governance declared in the State's Peoples Planning Campaign at the late nineties the was endured as an unfinished dream. Once the movement envisaged the contents of humanities in the ecological theory and practice, but later it keeps a long run back to consider the organic relation between socioeconomic and environmental elements while preparing the local development plans. The grass root governance systems are unable to address the present land use pattern, local resource management, river and water management, indigenous Knowledge system etc. This article tries to express the view that rebuilding doesn't mean to reconstruct the environment only, but to rejuvenate the entire social economic and livelihood measures of the state. It seeks to explain the need of pro-environment management and environment alertness at the ground level and how it is expected to become the prime responsibilities of the bottom level governance.