pradeep singh - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by pradeep singh

Computer Aided Geometric Design, 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is increasingly used for digital orthodontics, but one of... more Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is increasingly used for digital orthodontics, but one of the challenges is to automatically and accurately detect tooth landmarks and axes. This is partly because of sophisticated geometric definitions of them, and partly due to large variations among individual tooth and across different types of tooth. As such, we propose a deep learning approach with a labeled dataset by professional dentists to the tooth landmark/axis detection on tooth model that are crucial for orthodontic treatments. Our method can extract not only tooth landmarks in the form of point (e.g. cusps), but also axes that measure the tooth angulation and inclination. The proposed network takes as input a 3D tooth model and predicts various types of the tooth landmarks and axes. Specifically, we encode the landmarks and axes as dense fields defined on the surface of the tooth model. This design choice and a set of added components make the proposed network more suitable for extracting sparse landmarks from a given 3D tooth model. Extensive evaluation of the proposed method was conducted on a set of dental models prepared by experienced dentists. Results show that our method can produce tooth landmarks with high accuracy. Our method was examined and justified via comparison with the state-of-the-art methods as well as the ablation studies.

Software development is a complex process, and extensive software systems developed by integratin... more Software development is a complex process, and extensive software systems developed by integrating the smaller modules that are tested independently during the testing phase. The testing phase is tedious and provided with limited time and resources to produce the software on time. To distribute the proportionate allocation of software testing resources for cost reduction using software defect prediction has drawn notable attention. Although there have been lots of studies on using software product metrics to identify defect-prone modules, the priority of defective modules for testing resource allocation is still unexplored. It is not easy to assess the appropriate amount of workforce for the exact software module testing concerning its number of faults present. There is much work done in the prediction of the fault-proneness of the software systems, which predicts either a module is faulty or not. However, it is the priority that needs to be identified in terms of low, medium, and h...

Energy Storage for Modern Power System Operations, 2021

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture, 2004

The comparison of the means of two treatments or populations when more than one variable is measu... more The comparison of the means of two treatments or populations when more than one variable is measured may be done using Hotelling's T 2 statistic. In many real world situations the data obtained are mixed, i.e. one variable is dichotomous and the other variable is continuous. The assumption of multivariate normality upon which Hotelling's T 2 is based is no longer valid. In this paper, an approximate Hotelling T 2 test is proposed for bivariate mixed data and empirically evaluated in terms of Type I error rate. It is shown that the approximation does a good job of controlling the Type I error rate for a range of bivariate mixed parameters even for relatively small sample sizes.

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 2017

BACKGROUND The Gerbode left ventriculo-right atrial defect is a very rare congenital anomaly. Ger... more BACKGROUND The Gerbode left ventriculo-right atrial defect is a very rare congenital anomaly. Gerbode described two routes for blood to travel from the left ventricle to the right atrium, a direct or supravalvular or (type A) and an indirect (type B) or infravalvular. Case Characteristics-A male born to nonconsanguineous couple and had indirect type C Gerbode VSD. Observation-The child had midmuscular VSD. Blood flow from left ventricle to right ventricle through midmuscular VSD and then through tunnel formed by tricuspid to right atrium. Outcome-Parent advised to go for further investigation. Message-A rare congenital malformation to be suspected when any child with midmuscular VSD have tricuspid regurgitation.

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2015

Lower back pain is one of the most common after headache. Along with lower back pain, radiating p... more Lower back pain is one of the most common after headache. Along with lower back pain, radiating pain or radicular pain down to the lower limb is a widespread clinical problem that need be addressed precisely. Almost 30% of patients who develop lower back pain usually will suffer from radicular pain at one point of time. More than 50% of the patients with radiculopathy and sciatica have disturbances in performing activities of daily living and difficulty at work, leading to loss of work hours. The most common cause of lumbosacral radiculopathy in all the age group is intervertebral disc prolapse, and almost 10% to 15% of these patients eventually may require surgery due to their persistent symptoms, interference with daily activity, and neurological deficit. 1 However, majority of patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy have uneventful recovery with conservative management. The conservative management is wide and typically includes bed rest during acute ABSTRACT Background: Low back pain is a common entity with a lifetime prevalence of 65 to 80 percent in general population, and usually disrupts work, social activity and activity of daily living. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the results of interlaminar epidural steroid injection versus caudal steroid injection for patients of lower back pain with radiculopathy, due to disc prolapse or disc degeneration in terms of pain relief and complications. Methods: A total of 272 subjects having low back pain with radicular leg pain and MRI evidence of single or double level disc prolapse were chosen. Out of 272, patients were randomly assigned to two group; the first group having 131 patients and second group having 141 patients. The first group received caudal steroid injection, and second group received interlaminar epidural steroid under fluoroscopy control. Follow up for both groups was at 1 week, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Results: The change in pain scores were rated as mild, moderate and excellent. The interlaminar epidural steroid injection fared excellent in earlier follow up, getting to moderate at 12 weeks' time. The caudal steroid injection produced moderate relief in early phase at 12 weeks' time. Conclusions: The caudal steroid injection is cost effective, easy to administer and is having much less complications as compared to interlaminar steroid injection. Both these procedures are safe, well tolerated procedures, and can be performed as outpatient procedures

Journal of Orthopaedics and Allied Sciences, 2013

The gastroretentive drug delivery system has been utilized to obtain prolonged and uniform releas... more The gastroretentive drug delivery system has been utilized to obtain prolonged and uniform release of drug in stomach. Thus increase bioavailability and decrease the administration frequency. A peptic ulcer is a break in the lining of the stomach, esophagus or duodenum. Peptic ulcer may be due to H. Pylori bacteria, acid of the stomach cell or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). The gastroretentive drug delivery system may be single unit (floating tablet) or multiunit system (floating microspheres). The single unit floating system is more popular but has the disadvantage that its purpose would not be achieved if it fails to float or rapidly emptied from stomach. The multiunit floating system may be better because they reduce inter subject variability in absorption and also lower the probability of dose dumping. Thus, the purpose of preparing multiunit dosage form is to be developing suitable formulation and has all the advantage of a single unit dosage form and also devoid of disadvantage of single unit formulation. INTRODUCTION: Historically, oral drug delivery systems are the most popular drug delivery system but these systems have some, limitation such as, patient incompliance due to frequent drug administration, undesirable side effect due to fluctuating plasma drug level, inability to maintain adequate drug concentration in plasma for therapeutic effect, larger dose than required dose 1 .

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 2015

Background and Objectives: Prehospital transport practices prevalent among children presenting to... more Background and Objectives: Prehospital transport practices prevalent among children presenting to the emergency are under-reported. Our objectives were to evaluate the prehospital transport practices prevalent among children presenting to the pediatric emergency and their subsequent clinical course and outcome. Methods: In this prospective observational study we enrolled all children ≤17 years of age presenting to the pediatric emergency (from January to June 2013) and recorded their demographic data and variables pertaining to prehospital transport practices. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using Stata 11 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA). Results: A total of 319 patients presented to the emergency during the study period. Acute gastroenteritis, respiratory tract infection and fever were the most common reasons for presentation to the emergency. Seventy-three (23%) children required admission. Most commonly used public transport was auto-rickshaw (138, 43.5%) and median time taken to reach hospital was 22 min (interquartile range: 5, 720). Twenty-six patients were referred from another health facility. Of these, 25 were transported in ambulance unaccompanied. About 8% (25) of parents reported having diffi culties in transporting their child to the hospital and 57% (181) of parents felt fellow passengers and drivers were unhelpful. On post-hoc analysis, only time taken to reach the hospital (30 vs. 20 min; relative risk [95% confi dence interval]: 1.02 [1.007, 1.03], P = 0.003) and the illness nature were signifi cant (45% vs. 2.6%; 0.58 [0.50, 0.67], P ≤ 0.0001) on multivariate analysis. Conclusions: In relation to prehospital transport among pediatric patients we observed that one-quarter of children presenting to the emergency required admission, the auto-rickshaw was the commonest mode of transport and that there is a lack of prior communication before referring patients for further management.

ABSTRACT Capasicum annuum or sweet bell pepper is one of the more economical and agriculturally v... more ABSTRACT Capasicum annuum or sweet bell pepper is one of the more economical and agriculturally viable vegetable grown all over the world owing to its antioxidant and other medicinal properties. This review highlights the essential enzymes present and its mode of action using bioinformatics online tools viz. uniprot, swissprot and Brenda enzyme db and ExPAsy protein databases. The enzymes viz. peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, tyrosinase, catecholase, Pectin esterase, Catalase, 9-lipoxygenase, L-asparaginase, Polygalactouronase, Capsanthin and Ribulose-Phosphate 3-Epimerase contribute to its properties by various molecular mechanisms. Understanding of these mechanisms will be helpful for application of these enzymes in food processing and in the production of food ingredients. The increasing sophistication of processing industries creates a demand for a broad variety of enzymes with characteristics compatible with food processing conditions for e.g. shelf life of fruits and vegetables can be increased by decreasing the levels of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase.

Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences, 2013

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of bark of Cedrus ... more ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of bark of Cedrus deodara. Materials and Methods: Ethanolic extract of the Cedrus deodara (EECD) at dose levels of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight was subjected to the streptozotocin induced diabetes mice. The biochemical parameters, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), cholesterol and triglycerides were also assessed in the experimental animals. Results: The EECD exhibited significant antihyperglycemic activity and also lowers the biochemical parameters like SGPT, SGOT, cholesterol and triglycerides. The ethanolic extract at dose level of 500 mg/kg was found to be more potent than 250 mg/kg in lowering the blood glucose level, almost near to the effect of the standard drug. Conclusion: This study supports the traditional claim and the ethanolic extract of this plant could be added in traditional preparations for the ailment of various diabetes-associated complications.

Phytotherapy Research, 2013

A double blind, randomized, controlled study with three parallel treatment groups was done to eva... more A double blind, randomized, controlled study with three parallel treatment groups was done to evaluate the efficacy of a Terminalia chebula 10% mouth rinse compared with chlorhexidine 0.12% mouth rinse, applied two times daily for 2 weeks, in the treatment of dental plaque and gingivitis. Seventy-eight patients were included in the study. The efficacy variables were periodontal indices on days 0, 7 and 14 after commencement of therapy. Twenty six patients received chlorhexidine mouth rinse, twenty six Terminalia chebula mouth rinse and twenty six received saline solution. The clinical parameters were significantly reduced by both chlorhexidine and Terminalia chebula mouth rinse although no significant difference was seen between the two groups (P > 0.05). This study demonstrated that Terminalia chebula mouth rinse is effective in reducing microbial plaque, gingival inflammation and neutralizing salivary pH.

Journal of Acute Disease, 2013

To study with pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical studies of the bark of Ficus bengha... more To study with pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical studies of the bark of Ficus benghalensis (F. benghalensis) Linn. Methods: Parameters used to fulfill the objective of the study include various methods such as, Phytochemical test, TLC analysis, foreign matter, ash values, swelling index, fluorescence analysis, extractive value, and moisture content etc. Results: The results of foreign matter were recorded in Tables. Conclusion: These parameters can be utilized for quick identification of the bark of F. bengalensis Linn. and will definitely help in the development of pharmaceutically useful formulations.

Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 2014

Among genotypes, Dekalb 900 M Gold recorded significantly higher dry matter/plant, LAI, cobs plac... more Among genotypes, Dekalb 900 M Gold recorded significantly higher dry matter/plant, LAI, cobs placement height, grain yield, nitrogen content, protein content, protein yield and protein productivity than other genotypes. Leaves/plant and phytosynthetically active radiation (PAR) above canopy did not influenced by genotypes. Dry matter/plant, plant height, LAI, cobs placement height, protein content, protein yield and protein productivity exhibited higher under highest levels of nitrogen (160 kg N/ha), but at par with 120 kg N/ha. However, grain yield (6300 kg/ha) was highest under nitrogen levels of 120 kg/ha, but also at par with 160 kg N/ha (6240 kg/ha). The effect of applied nitrogen was found non-significant in respect of leaves/plant, PAR above and below canopy, photosynthetically active radiation interception and days taken to tasseling and silking.

Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 2003

Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2014

Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2009

After reading the debate, my students asked a question that had been largely sidestepped: "How we... more After reading the debate, my students asked a question that had been largely sidestepped: "How well do those selectivity correction methods work?" As this is a question that can be addressed with empirical evidence, we undertook a fairly exhaustive exercise of answering the second question of this debate with the data and evidence available at that time. As this is a fertile area for research, the answer to this question is likely to be revisited again and again-but probably not in Point/Counterpoint.

Computer Aided Geometric Design, 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is increasingly used for digital orthodontics, but one of... more Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is increasingly used for digital orthodontics, but one of the challenges is to automatically and accurately detect tooth landmarks and axes. This is partly because of sophisticated geometric definitions of them, and partly due to large variations among individual tooth and across different types of tooth. As such, we propose a deep learning approach with a labeled dataset by professional dentists to the tooth landmark/axis detection on tooth model that are crucial for orthodontic treatments. Our method can extract not only tooth landmarks in the form of point (e.g. cusps), but also axes that measure the tooth angulation and inclination. The proposed network takes as input a 3D tooth model and predicts various types of the tooth landmarks and axes. Specifically, we encode the landmarks and axes as dense fields defined on the surface of the tooth model. This design choice and a set of added components make the proposed network more suitable for extracting sparse landmarks from a given 3D tooth model. Extensive evaluation of the proposed method was conducted on a set of dental models prepared by experienced dentists. Results show that our method can produce tooth landmarks with high accuracy. Our method was examined and justified via comparison with the state-of-the-art methods as well as the ablation studies.

Software development is a complex process, and extensive software systems developed by integratin... more Software development is a complex process, and extensive software systems developed by integrating the smaller modules that are tested independently during the testing phase. The testing phase is tedious and provided with limited time and resources to produce the software on time. To distribute the proportionate allocation of software testing resources for cost reduction using software defect prediction has drawn notable attention. Although there have been lots of studies on using software product metrics to identify defect-prone modules, the priority of defective modules for testing resource allocation is still unexplored. It is not easy to assess the appropriate amount of workforce for the exact software module testing concerning its number of faults present. There is much work done in the prediction of the fault-proneness of the software systems, which predicts either a module is faulty or not. However, it is the priority that needs to be identified in terms of low, medium, and h...

Energy Storage for Modern Power System Operations, 2021

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture, 2004

The comparison of the means of two treatments or populations when more than one variable is measu... more The comparison of the means of two treatments or populations when more than one variable is measured may be done using Hotelling's T 2 statistic. In many real world situations the data obtained are mixed, i.e. one variable is dichotomous and the other variable is continuous. The assumption of multivariate normality upon which Hotelling's T 2 is based is no longer valid. In this paper, an approximate Hotelling T 2 test is proposed for bivariate mixed data and empirically evaluated in terms of Type I error rate. It is shown that the approximation does a good job of controlling the Type I error rate for a range of bivariate mixed parameters even for relatively small sample sizes.

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 2017

BACKGROUND The Gerbode left ventriculo-right atrial defect is a very rare congenital anomaly. Ger... more BACKGROUND The Gerbode left ventriculo-right atrial defect is a very rare congenital anomaly. Gerbode described two routes for blood to travel from the left ventricle to the right atrium, a direct or supravalvular or (type A) and an indirect (type B) or infravalvular. Case Characteristics-A male born to nonconsanguineous couple and had indirect type C Gerbode VSD. Observation-The child had midmuscular VSD. Blood flow from left ventricle to right ventricle through midmuscular VSD and then through tunnel formed by tricuspid to right atrium. Outcome-Parent advised to go for further investigation. Message-A rare congenital malformation to be suspected when any child with midmuscular VSD have tricuspid regurgitation.

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2015

Lower back pain is one of the most common after headache. Along with lower back pain, radiating p... more Lower back pain is one of the most common after headache. Along with lower back pain, radiating pain or radicular pain down to the lower limb is a widespread clinical problem that need be addressed precisely. Almost 30% of patients who develop lower back pain usually will suffer from radicular pain at one point of time. More than 50% of the patients with radiculopathy and sciatica have disturbances in performing activities of daily living and difficulty at work, leading to loss of work hours. The most common cause of lumbosacral radiculopathy in all the age group is intervertebral disc prolapse, and almost 10% to 15% of these patients eventually may require surgery due to their persistent symptoms, interference with daily activity, and neurological deficit. 1 However, majority of patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy have uneventful recovery with conservative management. The conservative management is wide and typically includes bed rest during acute ABSTRACT Background: Low back pain is a common entity with a lifetime prevalence of 65 to 80 percent in general population, and usually disrupts work, social activity and activity of daily living. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the results of interlaminar epidural steroid injection versus caudal steroid injection for patients of lower back pain with radiculopathy, due to disc prolapse or disc degeneration in terms of pain relief and complications. Methods: A total of 272 subjects having low back pain with radicular leg pain and MRI evidence of single or double level disc prolapse were chosen. Out of 272, patients were randomly assigned to two group; the first group having 131 patients and second group having 141 patients. The first group received caudal steroid injection, and second group received interlaminar epidural steroid under fluoroscopy control. Follow up for both groups was at 1 week, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Results: The change in pain scores were rated as mild, moderate and excellent. The interlaminar epidural steroid injection fared excellent in earlier follow up, getting to moderate at 12 weeks' time. The caudal steroid injection produced moderate relief in early phase at 12 weeks' time. Conclusions: The caudal steroid injection is cost effective, easy to administer and is having much less complications as compared to interlaminar steroid injection. Both these procedures are safe, well tolerated procedures, and can be performed as outpatient procedures

Journal of Orthopaedics and Allied Sciences, 2013

The gastroretentive drug delivery system has been utilized to obtain prolonged and uniform releas... more The gastroretentive drug delivery system has been utilized to obtain prolonged and uniform release of drug in stomach. Thus increase bioavailability and decrease the administration frequency. A peptic ulcer is a break in the lining of the stomach, esophagus or duodenum. Peptic ulcer may be due to H. Pylori bacteria, acid of the stomach cell or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). The gastroretentive drug delivery system may be single unit (floating tablet) or multiunit system (floating microspheres). The single unit floating system is more popular but has the disadvantage that its purpose would not be achieved if it fails to float or rapidly emptied from stomach. The multiunit floating system may be better because they reduce inter subject variability in absorption and also lower the probability of dose dumping. Thus, the purpose of preparing multiunit dosage form is to be developing suitable formulation and has all the advantage of a single unit dosage form and also devoid of disadvantage of single unit formulation. INTRODUCTION: Historically, oral drug delivery systems are the most popular drug delivery system but these systems have some, limitation such as, patient incompliance due to frequent drug administration, undesirable side effect due to fluctuating plasma drug level, inability to maintain adequate drug concentration in plasma for therapeutic effect, larger dose than required dose 1 .

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 2015

Background and Objectives: Prehospital transport practices prevalent among children presenting to... more Background and Objectives: Prehospital transport practices prevalent among children presenting to the emergency are under-reported. Our objectives were to evaluate the prehospital transport practices prevalent among children presenting to the pediatric emergency and their subsequent clinical course and outcome. Methods: In this prospective observational study we enrolled all children ≤17 years of age presenting to the pediatric emergency (from January to June 2013) and recorded their demographic data and variables pertaining to prehospital transport practices. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using Stata 11 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA). Results: A total of 319 patients presented to the emergency during the study period. Acute gastroenteritis, respiratory tract infection and fever were the most common reasons for presentation to the emergency. Seventy-three (23%) children required admission. Most commonly used public transport was auto-rickshaw (138, 43.5%) and median time taken to reach hospital was 22 min (interquartile range: 5, 720). Twenty-six patients were referred from another health facility. Of these, 25 were transported in ambulance unaccompanied. About 8% (25) of parents reported having diffi culties in transporting their child to the hospital and 57% (181) of parents felt fellow passengers and drivers were unhelpful. On post-hoc analysis, only time taken to reach the hospital (30 vs. 20 min; relative risk [95% confi dence interval]: 1.02 [1.007, 1.03], P = 0.003) and the illness nature were signifi cant (45% vs. 2.6%; 0.58 [0.50, 0.67], P ≤ 0.0001) on multivariate analysis. Conclusions: In relation to prehospital transport among pediatric patients we observed that one-quarter of children presenting to the emergency required admission, the auto-rickshaw was the commonest mode of transport and that there is a lack of prior communication before referring patients for further management.

ABSTRACT Capasicum annuum or sweet bell pepper is one of the more economical and agriculturally v... more ABSTRACT Capasicum annuum or sweet bell pepper is one of the more economical and agriculturally viable vegetable grown all over the world owing to its antioxidant and other medicinal properties. This review highlights the essential enzymes present and its mode of action using bioinformatics online tools viz. uniprot, swissprot and Brenda enzyme db and ExPAsy protein databases. The enzymes viz. peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, tyrosinase, catecholase, Pectin esterase, Catalase, 9-lipoxygenase, L-asparaginase, Polygalactouronase, Capsanthin and Ribulose-Phosphate 3-Epimerase contribute to its properties by various molecular mechanisms. Understanding of these mechanisms will be helpful for application of these enzymes in food processing and in the production of food ingredients. The increasing sophistication of processing industries creates a demand for a broad variety of enzymes with characteristics compatible with food processing conditions for e.g. shelf life of fruits and vegetables can be increased by decreasing the levels of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase.

Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences, 2013

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of bark of Cedrus ... more ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of bark of Cedrus deodara. Materials and Methods: Ethanolic extract of the Cedrus deodara (EECD) at dose levels of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight was subjected to the streptozotocin induced diabetes mice. The biochemical parameters, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), cholesterol and triglycerides were also assessed in the experimental animals. Results: The EECD exhibited significant antihyperglycemic activity and also lowers the biochemical parameters like SGPT, SGOT, cholesterol and triglycerides. The ethanolic extract at dose level of 500 mg/kg was found to be more potent than 250 mg/kg in lowering the blood glucose level, almost near to the effect of the standard drug. Conclusion: This study supports the traditional claim and the ethanolic extract of this plant could be added in traditional preparations for the ailment of various diabetes-associated complications.

Phytotherapy Research, 2013

A double blind, randomized, controlled study with three parallel treatment groups was done to eva... more A double blind, randomized, controlled study with three parallel treatment groups was done to evaluate the efficacy of a Terminalia chebula 10% mouth rinse compared with chlorhexidine 0.12% mouth rinse, applied two times daily for 2 weeks, in the treatment of dental plaque and gingivitis. Seventy-eight patients were included in the study. The efficacy variables were periodontal indices on days 0, 7 and 14 after commencement of therapy. Twenty six patients received chlorhexidine mouth rinse, twenty six Terminalia chebula mouth rinse and twenty six received saline solution. The clinical parameters were significantly reduced by both chlorhexidine and Terminalia chebula mouth rinse although no significant difference was seen between the two groups (P > 0.05). This study demonstrated that Terminalia chebula mouth rinse is effective in reducing microbial plaque, gingival inflammation and neutralizing salivary pH.

Journal of Acute Disease, 2013

To study with pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical studies of the bark of Ficus bengha... more To study with pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical studies of the bark of Ficus benghalensis (F. benghalensis) Linn. Methods: Parameters used to fulfill the objective of the study include various methods such as, Phytochemical test, TLC analysis, foreign matter, ash values, swelling index, fluorescence analysis, extractive value, and moisture content etc. Results: The results of foreign matter were recorded in Tables. Conclusion: These parameters can be utilized for quick identification of the bark of F. bengalensis Linn. and will definitely help in the development of pharmaceutically useful formulations.

Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 2014

Among genotypes, Dekalb 900 M Gold recorded significantly higher dry matter/plant, LAI, cobs plac... more Among genotypes, Dekalb 900 M Gold recorded significantly higher dry matter/plant, LAI, cobs placement height, grain yield, nitrogen content, protein content, protein yield and protein productivity than other genotypes. Leaves/plant and phytosynthetically active radiation (PAR) above canopy did not influenced by genotypes. Dry matter/plant, plant height, LAI, cobs placement height, protein content, protein yield and protein productivity exhibited higher under highest levels of nitrogen (160 kg N/ha), but at par with 120 kg N/ha. However, grain yield (6300 kg/ha) was highest under nitrogen levels of 120 kg/ha, but also at par with 160 kg N/ha (6240 kg/ha). The effect of applied nitrogen was found non-significant in respect of leaves/plant, PAR above and below canopy, photosynthetically active radiation interception and days taken to tasseling and silking.

Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 2003

Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2014

Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2009

After reading the debate, my students asked a question that had been largely sidestepped: "How we... more After reading the debate, my students asked a question that had been largely sidestepped: "How well do those selectivity correction methods work?" As this is a question that can be addressed with empirical evidence, we undertook a fairly exhaustive exercise of answering the second question of this debate with the data and evidence available at that time. As this is a fertile area for research, the answer to this question is likely to be revisited again and again-but probably not in Point/Counterpoint.