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Papers by pramila balasubramaniam

Research paper thumbnail of Colonial Interventions and Tribal Society: Land Settlements and the Expansion of Cultivation

International Journal of Creative Research and Thoughts , 2021

Although marked by diversities, the impact generated by colonialism on the world of the tribals w... more Although marked by diversities, the impact generated by colonialism on the world of the tribals was increasingly felt by the second half of the nineteenth century in a significant manner. The colonial regime started the process of recording land rights in tribal areas, often giving an individual farmer the right of cultivation. In most cases the effort was to make a direct relationship between the farmer and the state. This impacted tribal societies in three ways. First, in many tribal societies, especially those practicing jhum, there was no individual ownership of land. Land was owned by clans as in the case of khuntkatti system of Chotanagpur or village councils in the Garo and Khasi hills of North East. Since jhum was banned under forest laws, the right to land for jhum cultivators was not recognised. Secondly, though the rights of the tribal peasants were recognised, the increasing burden of taxes lad their increasing indebtedness. Finally, the British policy also tried to expand plough cultivation in areas where jhum was being done earlier.

Research paper thumbnail of GROWTH OF WOMEN EDUCATION DURING COLONIAL RULE

This study will give us a clear vision about how the Colonial rule encouraged women education in ... more This study will give us a clear vision about how the Colonial rule encouraged women education in Madras & Pondicherry, the same is crucial as there are very few accounted details about the facilities that were available before the arrival of the colonial rule. This study restricts itself to the locations of Madras and Pondicherry. Diving deeper into the subject we would like to emphasise that in Pondicherry "Thinnai Palligal" or small schools which were run by upper caste Brahmins & Vathiyars, who were very well versed in local languages, religion and arithmetic. These schools were exclusively for students from rich and elite families of same or similar castes, other caste students were not to be a part of these schools. Only during the eighteenth century we can see some efforts by the foreign missionaries in the field of education which marked the beginning of modern education especially towards women. In comparison during the 18th century in Madras they had limited number of schools for women, where only the dancing girls were preview to certain form of education because of their profession. The quality of education of the 18th century Madras is as described by Swartz; "under a frame of Government so

Research paper thumbnail of DEVANGA MUTTS IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HEMAKUTA GAYATHRIPEETA-HAMPI KARNATAKA

International Journal of Creative Research Training , 2021

The caste plays an important role not only in the life of an individual, but its significance in ... more The caste plays an important role not only in the life of an individual, but its significance in determining his place in the society is inevitable. In the same way, the place occupied by the religion, especially in countries like India is predominant. Like caste domination, religious domination is there in almost every field. Although the system is not acceptable by few or many, it cannot be ignorable. However, it cannot be totally criticized in a country like India, the role and contributions of individuals to the development of their particular castes, indirectly helps the development of the society. Here, this article imparts to the origin and development of caste Mutt named as Hemakuta Gayathri Peeta at Hampi. This Mutt is exclusive for the weaving caste of Devanga all over India. Methodology It is conventional, descriptive and the major sources used are the inscriptions, Government Reports, published works and oral history by personal interviews with the descendants of the family and natives of the region is used.

Research paper thumbnail of CHILD MARRIAGE- SCENARIO IN INDIA-final paper-05 05 2014

Books by pramila balasubramaniam

Research paper thumbnail of GROWTH OF WOMEN EDUCATION DURING COLONIAL RULE

International Journal on Creative Research and Training , 2021

This study will give us a clear vision about how the Colonial rule encouraged women education in ... more This study will give us a clear vision about how the Colonial rule encouraged women education in Madras & Pondicherry, the same is crucial as there are very few accounted details about the facilities that were available before the arrival of the colonial rule. This study restricts itself to the locations of Madras and Pondicherry. Diving deeper into the subject we would like to emphasise that in Pondicherry "Thinnai Palligal" or small schools which were run by upper caste Brahmins & Vathiyars, who were very well versed in local languages, religion and arithmetic. These schools were exclusively for students from rich and elite families of same or similar castes, other caste students were not to be a part of these schools. Only during the eighteenth century we can see some efforts by the foreign missionaries in the field of education which marked the beginning of modern education especially towards women. In comparison during the 18th century in Madras they had limited number of schools for women, where only the dancing girls were preview to certain form of education because of their profession. The quality of education of the 18th century Madras is as described by Swartz; "under a frame of Government so

Conference Presentations by pramila balasubramaniam

Research paper thumbnail of MARITIME TRADE TO DECORATIVE MANSIONS: EXPLORING KARAIKUDI'S ARCHITECTURAL LEGACY

MAPS PUBLICATION SOLUTIONS, 2023

This article describes the occupation of the Nattukottai Chettiars, also known as Nagaragthar and... more This article describes the occupation of the Nattukottai Chettiars, also known as Nagaragthar and Dhana Vanigar. They occupied Kancheepuram, then moved to Kaviripoompattinam, and finally settled in the present-day region of Chettinad in the Sivagangai district. They began as moneylenders, then became bankers and engaged in maritime trade, primarily with Southeast Asian countries. They spent their wealth on constructing decorative mansions as their residences, each with unique features that speak volumes about their aesthetic sense and luxury. However, due to urbanisation and westernisation, those grand houses are now under the care of caretakers. Sources: This article is based on a few inscriptions, the Gazateer of Ramanathapuram District in Tamil Nadu, Tamil literature such as Silapathikaram and Manimegalai, and published works such as books, articles in journals, book chapters, and so on. Because the Chettinad houses are private residences, it is difficult to find additional inscriptions, and entry is also restricted.

Research paper thumbnail of Colonial Interventions and Tribal Society: Land Settlements and the Expansion of Cultivation

International Journal of Creative Research and Thoughts , 2021

Although marked by diversities, the impact generated by colonialism on the world of the tribals w... more Although marked by diversities, the impact generated by colonialism on the world of the tribals was increasingly felt by the second half of the nineteenth century in a significant manner. The colonial regime started the process of recording land rights in tribal areas, often giving an individual farmer the right of cultivation. In most cases the effort was to make a direct relationship between the farmer and the state. This impacted tribal societies in three ways. First, in many tribal societies, especially those practicing jhum, there was no individual ownership of land. Land was owned by clans as in the case of khuntkatti system of Chotanagpur or village councils in the Garo and Khasi hills of North East. Since jhum was banned under forest laws, the right to land for jhum cultivators was not recognised. Secondly, though the rights of the tribal peasants were recognised, the increasing burden of taxes lad their increasing indebtedness. Finally, the British policy also tried to expand plough cultivation in areas where jhum was being done earlier.

Research paper thumbnail of GROWTH OF WOMEN EDUCATION DURING COLONIAL RULE

This study will give us a clear vision about how the Colonial rule encouraged women education in ... more This study will give us a clear vision about how the Colonial rule encouraged women education in Madras & Pondicherry, the same is crucial as there are very few accounted details about the facilities that were available before the arrival of the colonial rule. This study restricts itself to the locations of Madras and Pondicherry. Diving deeper into the subject we would like to emphasise that in Pondicherry "Thinnai Palligal" or small schools which were run by upper caste Brahmins & Vathiyars, who were very well versed in local languages, religion and arithmetic. These schools were exclusively for students from rich and elite families of same or similar castes, other caste students were not to be a part of these schools. Only during the eighteenth century we can see some efforts by the foreign missionaries in the field of education which marked the beginning of modern education especially towards women. In comparison during the 18th century in Madras they had limited number of schools for women, where only the dancing girls were preview to certain form of education because of their profession. The quality of education of the 18th century Madras is as described by Swartz; "under a frame of Government so

Research paper thumbnail of DEVANGA MUTTS IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HEMAKUTA GAYATHRIPEETA-HAMPI KARNATAKA

International Journal of Creative Research Training , 2021

The caste plays an important role not only in the life of an individual, but its significance in ... more The caste plays an important role not only in the life of an individual, but its significance in determining his place in the society is inevitable. In the same way, the place occupied by the religion, especially in countries like India is predominant. Like caste domination, religious domination is there in almost every field. Although the system is not acceptable by few or many, it cannot be ignorable. However, it cannot be totally criticized in a country like India, the role and contributions of individuals to the development of their particular castes, indirectly helps the development of the society. Here, this article imparts to the origin and development of caste Mutt named as Hemakuta Gayathri Peeta at Hampi. This Mutt is exclusive for the weaving caste of Devanga all over India. Methodology It is conventional, descriptive and the major sources used are the inscriptions, Government Reports, published works and oral history by personal interviews with the descendants of the family and natives of the region is used.

Research paper thumbnail of CHILD MARRIAGE- SCENARIO IN INDIA-final paper-05 05 2014

Research paper thumbnail of GROWTH OF WOMEN EDUCATION DURING COLONIAL RULE

International Journal on Creative Research and Training , 2021

This study will give us a clear vision about how the Colonial rule encouraged women education in ... more This study will give us a clear vision about how the Colonial rule encouraged women education in Madras & Pondicherry, the same is crucial as there are very few accounted details about the facilities that were available before the arrival of the colonial rule. This study restricts itself to the locations of Madras and Pondicherry. Diving deeper into the subject we would like to emphasise that in Pondicherry "Thinnai Palligal" or small schools which were run by upper caste Brahmins & Vathiyars, who were very well versed in local languages, religion and arithmetic. These schools were exclusively for students from rich and elite families of same or similar castes, other caste students were not to be a part of these schools. Only during the eighteenth century we can see some efforts by the foreign missionaries in the field of education which marked the beginning of modern education especially towards women. In comparison during the 18th century in Madras they had limited number of schools for women, where only the dancing girls were preview to certain form of education because of their profession. The quality of education of the 18th century Madras is as described by Swartz; "under a frame of Government so

Research paper thumbnail of MARITIME TRADE TO DECORATIVE MANSIONS: EXPLORING KARAIKUDI'S ARCHITECTURAL LEGACY

MAPS PUBLICATION SOLUTIONS, 2023

This article describes the occupation of the Nattukottai Chettiars, also known as Nagaragthar and... more This article describes the occupation of the Nattukottai Chettiars, also known as Nagaragthar and Dhana Vanigar. They occupied Kancheepuram, then moved to Kaviripoompattinam, and finally settled in the present-day region of Chettinad in the Sivagangai district. They began as moneylenders, then became bankers and engaged in maritime trade, primarily with Southeast Asian countries. They spent their wealth on constructing decorative mansions as their residences, each with unique features that speak volumes about their aesthetic sense and luxury. However, due to urbanisation and westernisation, those grand houses are now under the care of caretakers. Sources: This article is based on a few inscriptions, the Gazateer of Ramanathapuram District in Tamil Nadu, Tamil literature such as Silapathikaram and Manimegalai, and published works such as books, articles in journals, book chapters, and so on. Because the Chettinad houses are private residences, it is difficult to find additional inscriptions, and entry is also restricted.