rahul sharma - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by rahul sharma
Design, Automation, and Test in Europe, 2008
Interconnect tuning is an increasingly critical degree of freedom in the physical design of high-... more Interconnect tuning is an increasingly critical degree of freedom in the physical design of high-performance VLSI systems. By interconnect tuning, we refer to the selection of line thicknesses, widths and spacings in multi-layer interconnect to simultaneously optimize signal distribution, signal performance, signal integrity, and interconnect manufacturability and reliability. This is a key activity in most leading-edge design projects, but has received little attention in the literature. Our work provides the first technology-specific studies of interconnect tuning in the literature. We center on global wiring layers and interconnect tuning issues related to bus routing, repeater insertion, and choice of shielding/spacing rules for signal integrity and performance. We address four basic questions. (1) How should width and spacing be allocated to maximize performance for a given line pitch? (2) For a given line pitch, what criteria affect the optimal interval at which repeaters should be inserted into global interconnects? Under what circumstances are shield wires the optimum technique for improving interconnect performance? (4) In global interconnect with repeaters, what other interconnect tuning is possible? Our study of question (4) demonstrates a new approach of offsetting repeater placements that can reduce worstcase cross-chip delays by over 30% in current technologies.
2009 17th IEEE Symposium on Field Programmable Custom Computing Machines, 2009
Page 1. AIREN: A Novel Integration of On-Chip and Off-Chip FPGA Networks Andrew G. Schmidt, Willi... more Page 1. AIREN: A Novel Integration of On-Chip and Off-Chip FPGA Networks Andrew G. Schmidt, William V. Kritikos, Rahul R. Sharma and Ron Sass Electrical & Computer Engineering Department University of North Carolina ...
International Conference on Reconfigurable Computing and FPGAs, 2011
Typical reconfigurable computing systems are based on an I/O interconnect such as PCIe. This yiel... more Typical reconfigurable computing systems are based on an I/O interconnect such as PCIe. This yields good bandwidth performance, but incurs significant overhead for small packet sizes, and makes the implementation of on-streaming-data applications unduly difficult. We describe an architecture based on Intel R Quick Path Interconnect R that addresses these concerns.
Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1992
Variations of the idea of using a freely floating plate on the surface of a fluid in order to pas... more Variations of the idea of using a freely floating plate on the surface of a fluid in order to passively control sloshing in a cylindrical container at the fundamental mode are examined experimentally. Water is used as the fluid medium in the experiments. The first types of configurations consist of floating a plate or stack of plates on the surface of the water. The next set of tests consisted of mounting two plates on a pair of threaded rods such that a dumbbell arrangement is obtained. The gap between the plates is easily varied with the aid of the threaded rods and represents the height of the water column trapped between the plates when the top plate is floated and the bottom plate is immersed in the water. The experiments showed that: (1) in the case of floating a plate on the free surface, the most effective control may be obtained with close tolerances between the edge of the plate and the wall of the container, and a maximum possible thickness of the plate, to restrain the rocking motion of the fluid surface; and (2) in cases in which the close tolerances cannot be maintained, a dumbbell arrangement is effective, provided that the bottom plate is immersed in the inertial depth of water. This depth is found to be approximately 75 percent of the height of the water column.
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2000
Abstract In this paper, a new dc-dc converter for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) powered auxiliary ... more Abstract In this paper, a new dc-dc converter for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) powered auxiliary power unit (APU) is proposed. The proposed converter does not consider the leakage inductance of the transformer as a parasite and uses it for energy transfer, thus ...
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2000
We report transit-time-limited bandwidth (12 GHz at 12-V bias) for an InGaP-InP-InGaAs MSM photod... more We report transit-time-limited bandwidth (12 GHz at 12-V bias) for an InGaP-InP-InGaAs MSM photodetector with 2-m finger spacing, (100-m) 2 active area, and abrupt heterojunctions. The same device exhibits a very gradual rolloff up to 20 GHz, with an on/off isolation of greater than 40 dB across the measurement band. This is one of the first reports of transittime-limited performance measured in the frequency domain for InGaAs-based MSM photodetectors, and these are the largest such devices reported to date. A pseudomorphic In 0:8 Ga 0:2 P cap layer is found to have an electrically stable free surface, requiring no special pre-treatment or passivation.
Applied Surface Science, 2006
Electroless (EL) coating technique is one of the elegant ways of coating by controlling the tempe... more Electroless (EL) coating technique is one of the elegant ways of coating by controlling the temperature and pH of the coating bath in which there is no usage of electric current. EL nano-copper coating on ceramic particles of micron size is not reported. In this investigation, ceramic powders of $100 mm size have been coated with copper by EL technique in the pH and temperature ranges of 12-13.5 and 60-85 8C, respectively. The optimization of EL copper bath has been evaluated through the combination of process parameters like pH and temperature. The optimized value of pH is found to be 12.5 and temperature as 75 8C. The coated and uncoated powders have been subjected to microstructural studies by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the phases present have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction. An attempt has been made to understand the bonding mechanism of coating. The adherence with the substrate is attributed to the chemical and mechanical bonding at the interface. A model has been suggested for the mechanical bonding effect at the interface. #
Applied Surface Science, 2013
ABSTRACT Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) with metal nanoparticles is the promising phe... more ABSTRACT Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) with metal nanoparticles is the promising phenomenon to increase light absorption by trapping light in thin film solar cells. In this study we demonstrate a successful LSPR effect with gold (Au) nanoparticles onto the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorption layer. First, the CIGS absorber layers is fabricated onto the Mo coated polyimide (PI) substrate by using two stage process as DC sputtering of CIG thin film followed by the selenization at 400 °C. Finally, the Au nanoparticles are deposited onto the CIGS layer with increasing particles size from 4-15 nm by using sputter coater for 10-120 s. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirm the formation of CIGS/Au nanocomposite structure with prominent peak shift of CIGS reflections and increasing intensity for Au phase. The CIGS/Au nanocomposite morphologies with Au particle size distribution uniformity and surface coverage is examined under ultra-high resolution field effect scanning electron microscope (UHR-FESEM). A peak at 176 cm-1 in Raman spectra, associated with the "A1" mode of lattice vibration for the attributed to the pure chalcopyrite structure. The secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) showed ˜200 nm depth converge of Au nanoparticles into the CIGS absorption layer. The optical properties as transmittance, reflectance and absorbance of CIGS/Au layers were found to expand in the infrared region and the LSPR effect is the most prominent for Au particles (5-7 nm) deposited for 60 s. The absorption coefficient and band gap measurement also confirms that the LSPR effect for 5-7 nm Au particles with band gap improvement from 1.31 to 1.52 eV for CIGS/Au layer as the defect density decreases due to the deposition of Au nanoparticles onto the CIGS layer. Such LSPR effect in CIGS/Au nanocomposite absorption layer will be a key parameter to further improve performance of the solar cell.
Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology, 2011
2012 2nd International Conference on Power, Control and Embedded Systems, 2012
The Journal of emergency medicine, 2004
Design, Automation, and Test in Europe, 2008
Interconnect tuning is an increasingly critical degree of freedom in the physical design of high-... more Interconnect tuning is an increasingly critical degree of freedom in the physical design of high-performance VLSI systems. By interconnect tuning, we refer to the selection of line thicknesses, widths and spacings in multi-layer interconnect to simultaneously optimize signal distribution, signal performance, signal integrity, and interconnect manufacturability and reliability. This is a key activity in most leading-edge design projects, but has received little attention in the literature. Our work provides the first technology-specific studies of interconnect tuning in the literature. We center on global wiring layers and interconnect tuning issues related to bus routing, repeater insertion, and choice of shielding/spacing rules for signal integrity and performance. We address four basic questions. (1) How should width and spacing be allocated to maximize performance for a given line pitch? (2) For a given line pitch, what criteria affect the optimal interval at which repeaters should be inserted into global interconnects? Under what circumstances are shield wires the optimum technique for improving interconnect performance? (4) In global interconnect with repeaters, what other interconnect tuning is possible? Our study of question (4) demonstrates a new approach of offsetting repeater placements that can reduce worstcase cross-chip delays by over 30% in current technologies.
2009 17th IEEE Symposium on Field Programmable Custom Computing Machines, 2009
Page 1. AIREN: A Novel Integration of On-Chip and Off-Chip FPGA Networks Andrew G. Schmidt, Willi... more Page 1. AIREN: A Novel Integration of On-Chip and Off-Chip FPGA Networks Andrew G. Schmidt, William V. Kritikos, Rahul R. Sharma and Ron Sass Electrical & Computer Engineering Department University of North Carolina ...
International Conference on Reconfigurable Computing and FPGAs, 2011
Typical reconfigurable computing systems are based on an I/O interconnect such as PCIe. This yiel... more Typical reconfigurable computing systems are based on an I/O interconnect such as PCIe. This yields good bandwidth performance, but incurs significant overhead for small packet sizes, and makes the implementation of on-streaming-data applications unduly difficult. We describe an architecture based on Intel R Quick Path Interconnect R that addresses these concerns.
Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1992
Variations of the idea of using a freely floating plate on the surface of a fluid in order to pas... more Variations of the idea of using a freely floating plate on the surface of a fluid in order to passively control sloshing in a cylindrical container at the fundamental mode are examined experimentally. Water is used as the fluid medium in the experiments. The first types of configurations consist of floating a plate or stack of plates on the surface of the water. The next set of tests consisted of mounting two plates on a pair of threaded rods such that a dumbbell arrangement is obtained. The gap between the plates is easily varied with the aid of the threaded rods and represents the height of the water column trapped between the plates when the top plate is floated and the bottom plate is immersed in the water. The experiments showed that: (1) in the case of floating a plate on the free surface, the most effective control may be obtained with close tolerances between the edge of the plate and the wall of the container, and a maximum possible thickness of the plate, to restrain the rocking motion of the fluid surface; and (2) in cases in which the close tolerances cannot be maintained, a dumbbell arrangement is effective, provided that the bottom plate is immersed in the inertial depth of water. This depth is found to be approximately 75 percent of the height of the water column.
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2000
Abstract In this paper, a new dc-dc converter for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) powered auxiliary ... more Abstract In this paper, a new dc-dc converter for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) powered auxiliary power unit (APU) is proposed. The proposed converter does not consider the leakage inductance of the transformer as a parasite and uses it for energy transfer, thus ...
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2000
We report transit-time-limited bandwidth (12 GHz at 12-V bias) for an InGaP-InP-InGaAs MSM photod... more We report transit-time-limited bandwidth (12 GHz at 12-V bias) for an InGaP-InP-InGaAs MSM photodetector with 2-m finger spacing, (100-m) 2 active area, and abrupt heterojunctions. The same device exhibits a very gradual rolloff up to 20 GHz, with an on/off isolation of greater than 40 dB across the measurement band. This is one of the first reports of transittime-limited performance measured in the frequency domain for InGaAs-based MSM photodetectors, and these are the largest such devices reported to date. A pseudomorphic In 0:8 Ga 0:2 P cap layer is found to have an electrically stable free surface, requiring no special pre-treatment or passivation.
Applied Surface Science, 2006
Electroless (EL) coating technique is one of the elegant ways of coating by controlling the tempe... more Electroless (EL) coating technique is one of the elegant ways of coating by controlling the temperature and pH of the coating bath in which there is no usage of electric current. EL nano-copper coating on ceramic particles of micron size is not reported. In this investigation, ceramic powders of $100 mm size have been coated with copper by EL technique in the pH and temperature ranges of 12-13.5 and 60-85 8C, respectively. The optimization of EL copper bath has been evaluated through the combination of process parameters like pH and temperature. The optimized value of pH is found to be 12.5 and temperature as 75 8C. The coated and uncoated powders have been subjected to microstructural studies by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the phases present have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction. An attempt has been made to understand the bonding mechanism of coating. The adherence with the substrate is attributed to the chemical and mechanical bonding at the interface. A model has been suggested for the mechanical bonding effect at the interface. #
Applied Surface Science, 2013
ABSTRACT Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) with metal nanoparticles is the promising phe... more ABSTRACT Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) with metal nanoparticles is the promising phenomenon to increase light absorption by trapping light in thin film solar cells. In this study we demonstrate a successful LSPR effect with gold (Au) nanoparticles onto the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorption layer. First, the CIGS absorber layers is fabricated onto the Mo coated polyimide (PI) substrate by using two stage process as DC sputtering of CIG thin film followed by the selenization at 400 °C. Finally, the Au nanoparticles are deposited onto the CIGS layer with increasing particles size from 4-15 nm by using sputter coater for 10-120 s. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirm the formation of CIGS/Au nanocomposite structure with prominent peak shift of CIGS reflections and increasing intensity for Au phase. The CIGS/Au nanocomposite morphologies with Au particle size distribution uniformity and surface coverage is examined under ultra-high resolution field effect scanning electron microscope (UHR-FESEM). A peak at 176 cm-1 in Raman spectra, associated with the "A1" mode of lattice vibration for the attributed to the pure chalcopyrite structure. The secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) showed ˜200 nm depth converge of Au nanoparticles into the CIGS absorption layer. The optical properties as transmittance, reflectance and absorbance of CIGS/Au layers were found to expand in the infrared region and the LSPR effect is the most prominent for Au particles (5-7 nm) deposited for 60 s. The absorption coefficient and band gap measurement also confirms that the LSPR effect for 5-7 nm Au particles with band gap improvement from 1.31 to 1.52 eV for CIGS/Au layer as the defect density decreases due to the deposition of Au nanoparticles onto the CIGS layer. Such LSPR effect in CIGS/Au nanocomposite absorption layer will be a key parameter to further improve performance of the solar cell.
Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology, 2011
2012 2nd International Conference on Power, Control and Embedded Systems, 2012
The Journal of emergency medicine, 2004