raj sangroula - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by raj sangroula

Body Mass Index and Its Association with Triglycerides Among the People Attending Civil Service Hospital

Journal of Chitwan Medical College, Sep 29, 2022

Background: Overweight and obesity have been a global concern. Different factors like age, blood ... more Background: Overweight and obesity have been a global concern. Different factors like age, blood pressure, triglycerides increase with increase in BMI. This study assessed the body mass index and its association with triglycerides among the people attending Civil Service Hospital. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients visiting in Family Medicine Outpatient Department for general health check-up civil service hospital. The registers of clients visiting the Department in the month of July and August 2020 were obtained from the Department. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to show descriptive results. Chi-square test was used to show the association between dependent and independent variables. Results: Almost three-quarters (74.7%) of the participants were of age 40 years or more. More than half (50.7%) of the participants had systolic blood pressure between 120 to 139 mm Hg. More than half (59.3%) of the participants had diastolic blood pressure of less than 90 mm Hg. More than three-quarters (79.3%) of the participants had triglyceride level of more than 150 mg/dl. Two-third (66.7%) of the participants had BMI of more than or equal to 25 kg/m2. Age and blood pressure were significantly associated with triglyceride level and body mass index. Triglyceride level also was statistically significant with body mass index of the participants (p <0.001). Conclusions: The value of triglyceride and body mass index were higher among majority of the participants. Age, blood pressure and triglyceride level statistically significant with body mass index. Further research is needed to find out the association between triglyceride level and body mass index.

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Jul 27, 2022

Recent data from the 2016 Nepal demographic and health survey indicated that 36% of children unde... more Recent data from the 2016 Nepal demographic and health survey indicated that 36% of children under 5 years of age were stunted, 10% were wasted and 27% were underweight. 4 Nepal multiple indicator cluster survey 2019 shows that 31.5% were stunted, wasted 12% and underweight 24.3% of children under 5 years of age. 5 The sustainable development goals (SDG) by 2030 target ABSTRACT Background: Proper nutrition is crucial for healthy living. According to Nepal multi-indicator cluster survey 2019, prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight were 31.5%, 12% and 24.3% respectively. The prevalence of under nutrition is higher in Karnali Province than other Provinces of Nepal. This study is conducted to assess the factors affecting the nutritional status of under five years' children in Rara Chhayanath municipality, Mugu district. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Rara Chhayanath municipality, Mugu district of Nepal which was purposively selected. Three wards were selected for collection of data. Verbal informed consent was taken from the mothers of the under five children and approval was taken from Little Buddha College of Health Science and Municipality. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with nutrition status of children. Results: In the study, prevalence of stunting and wasting were high as compared to national data i.e., 40.4% and 14.1% percent respectively. The study found that maternal education, family income, exclusive breastfeeding and minimum meal frequency were significantly associated with stunting and wasting. Conclusions: Socioeconomic and child feeding practices were the associated factors of under nutrition. Programs should be focused on socio demographic and economic factors and child feeding practice to reduce problem of malnutrition.

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, May 27, 2020

Good nutrition is essential for growth and development of children. 1 Income is one of major dete... more Good nutrition is essential for growth and development of children. 1 Income is one of major determinant of stunting: food insecurity, diets lacking in diversity, high rates of infectious diseases and inappropriate infant feeding and care practices, and poor sanitation and hygiene practices also contribute to persistent stunting. 2 Nutritional status is defined as the state of the body resulting from the intake, absorption and utilization of food. 3 According to the Global Nutrition Report, 2016 a third of the people worldwide are either under-nourished or overweight. The document points out that malnutrition are responsible for nearly half of all deaths of children under five worldwide. 4 The World Health Organization estimates that childhood underweight is the cause for about 35% of all deaths of children under the age of five years worldwide. 5 More than 83% of population resides in rural ABSTRACT Background: Adequate feeding is basic right of human being. According to NDHS 2016, prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight are 36%, 10% and 27% respectively. The prevalence may be more in underprivileged community like Satar community who reside in eastern part of Nepal. This study was conducted to assess the factors associated with under nutrition of under five years children of Satar community in Bhadrapur Municipality. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Bhadrapur Municipality of Jhapa district which were purposively selected. Four wards where Satar community reside were selected for collection of data. Verbal informed consent was taken from the mothers of the under five children and approval was taken from research committee of Central Institute of Science and Technology College. Bivariate analysis was performed to detect the factors associated with nutrition status of children. Results: In the study, prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight were high as compared to national data i.e. 39.5%, 14.2% and 29.5% percent respectively. The study found that maternal education, paternal education, family income, exclusive breastfeeding and food frequency was significantly associated with under nutrition (stunting, wasting and underweight). Stunting was significantly associated with age of child and mother and religion. Underweight was associated with religion and weaning of children. Conclusions: High prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight are due to socio demographic factors like religion, educational status of father and mother, family income and child feeding practice. Programs should be focused on socio demographic and economic factors and child feeding practice to reduce problem of malnutrition.

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Apr 28, 2023

Depression is a common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or ple... more Depression is a common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, decreased energy, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite and poor concentration. Depression often comes with symptoms of anxiety. Depression is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease and affects people in all communities across the world. Today, depression is estimated to affect 350 million people. The World Mental Health Survey conducted in 17 countries found that on average about 1 in 20 people reported having an episode of depression in the previous year. The demand for curbing depression and ABSTRACT Background: Depression is a common mental disorder with a depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, decreased energy, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, and poor concentration. Globally the prevalence of depression among (15-19 years) males and females are 3.1% and 4.5% respectively. According to WHO, the prevalence of depression in Nepal is 3.2% and the prevalence of depression in (15-19 years) is 7.6%. This research was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression among the secondary-level adolescents of Harion municipality and to examine the variances according to socio-demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, etc. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study design was used in this research. Schools were selected through Simple Random Sampling. Participants were students of 9 and 10 selected schools. The PHQ9 (Patient Health questionnaire) was used to ascertain the prevalence of depression at various levels. Results: Out of 168 students, 97 (57.7%) students had depression. The mean age of the students was 16. Family type of students (p-value=0.036, 95% CI=0.261-0.959 and OR =0.5), students education level (p-value=0.044, 95% CI=0.273-0.986 and OR= 0.519) and physical activities (p-value=0.015, 95% CI=0.248-0.865 and OR=0.463) were found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: The prevalence of depression was seen higher among school-going adolescents in two schools in Harion municipality. There is a need for early identification of depression which can prevent other psychiatric disorders in teenage .

Journal of General Practice and Emergency Medicine of Nepal

Introduction: Malnutrition and poor weight gain as well as maternal obesity have significant infl... more Introduction: Malnutrition and poor weight gain as well as maternal obesity have significant influences on the pregnancy outcome. This study aims to show the effect of first-trimester body mass index and the corresponding gestational weight gain on the outcome of pregnancy. Method: It was a cross-sectional study conducted from 2017 to 2018. The sample size of the study was 740 respondents, which is calculated based on N=Z²pq/d² formulae, where Z=1.96 for 95% CI, p=11.5, q=100-p and d=2.3(20%) of permissible error of prevalence. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were calculated for descriptive analysis. Chi-square test was used to find out the association for categorical variables. Odds Ratio and Logistic regression were also calculated for categorical variables. Result: Most of the women (57.3%) had normal Body Mass Index (BMI). Compared to women of adequate Gestational Weight Gain (GWG), the Odds Ratio of Hypertensive Disorder in Pregnancy (HDP), Gestational Di...

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Immunization is a cost-effective intervention; countries committed to improving child... more Background: Immunization is a cost-effective intervention; countries committed to improving child health and well-being by 2030 and assessing overall progress towards the sustainable development goals are required to reduce vaccine-preventable illness and deaths, which profoundly rely on immunization. Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out in Nepal using secondary data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016 to fulfil the objective and find out the factors associated with full immunization coverage among under two years children in Nepal. This study was conducted in 21 districts based on a low human development index. Results: Among the 306 respondents, this study found that full immunization coverage was (42.2%) and male respondents 51 % were more vaccinated as compared to female 49% of respondents. Similarly, there were mother occupations statistically associated with full immunization coverage. Instructional deliveries (51.7%) were not statistically associated w...

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, Jun 28, 2020

Background. Overweight and obesity are major serious public health problems, since their prevalen... more Background. Overweight and obesity are major serious public health problems, since their prevalence is accelerating rapidly not only in developed but also in developing countries. e aim of this study was to find out the factors associated with the nutritional status of the industrial workers in Bara District of Nepal. Methods. An industry-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among the 271 male workers using pretested semistructured questionnaires, food frequency questionnaire, 24-hour recall method, and anthropometric measurement after obtaining informed consent from the workers. For the categorical independent variables, bivariate and multivariate regression tests were used for the analysis, and for numerical independent variables, Student's t-test was used. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Ethical approval was taken from the Research Committee of the College of Applied Food and Diary Technology (CAFODAT). Results. Overweight /obesity was observed among 27.3% of the participants of which 22.1% were overweight and 5.2% were obese. Age (OR: 2.54; 95% CI: 1.346-4.823); ethnicity, Brahmin/Chhetri (OR: 6.14; 95% CI: 1.971-19.123) and Madhesi (OR: 4.641; 95% CI: 1.534-14.04); and smoking (OR: 4.165; 95% CI: 1.972-8.80) were associated with nutritional status of industrial workers. Additionally, food frequency (OR: 2.232; 95% CI: 1.101-4.522), dietary diversity, and total calorie intake were also significantly associated with nutritional status of industrial workers. Conclusions. e study has indicated that more than one-fourth of workers of iron and steel industries in Bara District of Nepal are overweight or obese. Different sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors and lifestyle-related factors were associated with overweight and obesity. ere is need for programs for industrial workers focused on nutrition education to raise awareness about nutrition-related problems and risk factors.

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Depression is considered a common mental disorder and a major contributor to the glob... more Background: Depression is considered a common mental disorder and a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Depression is estimated to affect 3.8% of the population including 5% of adults and 5.7% among adults older than 60 years, and approximately 280 million people in the world (WHO 2021). Major symptoms of depression include depressed mood, loss of concentration, feeling of excessive guilt, dying thoughts, disrupted sleep, changes in appetite etc. Street vending is informal work that has been contributing in millions of people living status and supporting country’s economy. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among street vendors inside Kathmandu Valley with sample size 316. The study period was from August 2018 to April 2019. Data was collected using standard semi- structured tools using Kobo Toolbox. Data analysis was done in SPSS. Mendeley desktop and statistical package of social science software was used. Results: Out of 316 respondents, high...

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders affect all persons regardless of age and sex and are preval... more Background: Musculoskeletal disorders affect all persons regardless of age and sex and are prevalent across a wide range of industries and jobs. In Asian populations, a high annual prevalence of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorder in at least one body region is varied from 40% to 95%. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and identify the factors contributing to Musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional and quantitative method was used. Random sampling was used to select the banks and convenience sampling was used to select the branches of those selected banks and finally, the census technique was used to collect the data from respondents. A structured questionnaire was designed and administered to study participants. Data collected from respondents were entered into Epidata 3.1 and were analysed and expressed using SPSS 26. Results: The study showed the annual prevalence of Musculoskeletal disorder was 82.5% with the highest single MSDS prevalenc...

Journal of Nepal Medical Association

Introduction: Dengue virus incidence has been increasing trends in every year due to the expansio... more Introduction: Dengue virus incidence has been increasing trends in every year due to the expansion of the vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of dengue among suspected patients admitted to the department of medicine of a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients admitted to the medicine department from 30 September 2022 to 30 December 2022 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 019/2022). Demographic, clinical characteristics and laboratory profiles were collected from dengue patients by using a structured questionnaire. Convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 500 patients, 242 (48.40%) (40.66-56.14, 95% Confidence Interval) were found to be dengue positive. The average age of the enrolled patients was 39.13±20.64 years. Most dengue fever p...

Body Mass Index and Its Association with Triglycerides Among the People Attending Civil Service Hospital

Journal of Chitwan Medical College

Background: Overweight and obesity have been a global concern. Different factors like age, blood ... more Background: Overweight and obesity have been a global concern. Different factors like age, blood pressure, triglycerides increase with increase in BMI. This study assessed the body mass index and its association with triglycerides among the people attending Civil Service Hospital. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients visiting in Family Medicine Outpatient Department for general health check-up civil service hospital. The registers of clients visiting the Department in the month of July and August 2020 were obtained from the Department. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to show descriptive results. Chi-square test was used to show the association between dependent and independent variables. Results: Almost three-quarters (74.7%) of the participants were of age 40 years or more. More than half (50.7%) of the participants had systolic blood pressure between 120 to 139 mm Hg. More than half (59.3%) of the participants...

Technostress in medical and allied field: an empirical study among under graduate public health science students of Purbanchal University affiliated colleges in Kathmandu

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Nov 28, 2022

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Adolescence is the lifespan between childhood and adulthood from ages 10 to 19 years.... more Background: Adolescence is the lifespan between childhood and adulthood from ages 10 to 19 years. Psychological problem is a state of emotional and behavioral disorders, including depression, anxiety, aggression, educational difficulties, etc. The study aimed to assess the impact of associated factors on adolescents’ psychosocial problems.Methods: Analytical cross-sectional and quantitative method was used. The study population was adolescents in grades 8 and 9. Purposive sampling was used to select the schools and the census technique was used to collect the data from respondents. A structured questionnaire was designed and administered to study participants. Data collected from respondents were analysed and expressed using Epidata 3.1 and SPSS 26.Results: The study shows that the prevalence of psychosocial problems among adolescents was 32.4%. The adolescent age group was greatly dominated by the age group 14-15 years (72.1%) and most of the respondents were female (52%). There wa...

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Junk foods typically contain high calories from sugar or fat with little protein, vit... more Background: Junk foods typically contain high calories from sugar or fat with little protein, vitamins, or minerals. This study was conducted to determine the consumption and prevalence of junk food consumed among school-age adolescents. The main aims of this study were to find out the junk food consumption among school-age adolescents (5-18) in Kanakasundari rural municipality.Methods: This was analytical cross-sectional research. The total sample size for the study was 280. Purposive sampling was used to select the schools and census was used to select the students from the schools. A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire in Nepali version was used to collect the data and the collected data were entered and analysed in SPSS using simple statistical methods.Results: Among the 280 respondents, the mean age was 15.17 years. The consumption of junk food among adolescents was 45 percent among males and 55 percent among females. Religion (p=0.011) and type of family (p=0.034) ...

Socio-demographic information of pregnant women

<p>Socio-demographic information of pregnant women.</p

Flow diagram of the study

<p>Flow diagram of the study.</p

Comparison of secondary outcomes variables for base line and end line in control and intervention groups

<p>Comparison of secondary outcomes variables for base line and end line in control and int... more <p>Comparison of secondary outcomes variables for base line and end line in control and intervention groups.</p

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Proper nutrition is crucial for healthy living. According to Nepal multi-indicator cl... more Background: Proper nutrition is crucial for healthy living. According to Nepal multi-indicator cluster survey 2019, prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight were 31.5%, 12% and 24.3% respectively. The prevalence of under nutrition is higher in Karnali Province than other Provinces of Nepal. This study is conducted to assess the factors affecting the nutritional status of under five years’ children in Rara Chhayanath municipality, Mugu district.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Rara Chhayanath municipality, Mugu district of Nepal which was purposively selected. Three wards were selected for collection of data. Verbal informed consent was taken from the mothers of the under five children and approval was taken from Little Buddha College of Health Science and Municipality. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with nutrition status of children. Results: In the study, prevalence of stunting and wasting were high as com...

PLOS ONE, 2019

Background Anemia during pregnancy is a major public health problem globally with multiple causes... more Background Anemia during pregnancy is a major public health problem globally with multiple causes including inadequate dietary intakes. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of nutrition education on nutritional knowledge, hemoglobin level and dietary intake of anemic pregnant women.

Additional file 1 of Knowledge of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among dental surgeons of Nepal: a nationwide study

Additional file 1. Questionnaire.

Body Mass Index and Its Association with Triglycerides Among the People Attending Civil Service Hospital

Journal of Chitwan Medical College, Sep 29, 2022

Background: Overweight and obesity have been a global concern. Different factors like age, blood ... more Background: Overweight and obesity have been a global concern. Different factors like age, blood pressure, triglycerides increase with increase in BMI. This study assessed the body mass index and its association with triglycerides among the people attending Civil Service Hospital. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients visiting in Family Medicine Outpatient Department for general health check-up civil service hospital. The registers of clients visiting the Department in the month of July and August 2020 were obtained from the Department. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to show descriptive results. Chi-square test was used to show the association between dependent and independent variables. Results: Almost three-quarters (74.7%) of the participants were of age 40 years or more. More than half (50.7%) of the participants had systolic blood pressure between 120 to 139 mm Hg. More than half (59.3%) of the participants had diastolic blood pressure of less than 90 mm Hg. More than three-quarters (79.3%) of the participants had triglyceride level of more than 150 mg/dl. Two-third (66.7%) of the participants had BMI of more than or equal to 25 kg/m2. Age and blood pressure were significantly associated with triglyceride level and body mass index. Triglyceride level also was statistically significant with body mass index of the participants (p &lt;0.001). Conclusions: The value of triglyceride and body mass index were higher among majority of the participants. Age, blood pressure and triglyceride level statistically significant with body mass index. Further research is needed to find out the association between triglyceride level and body mass index.

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Jul 27, 2022

Recent data from the 2016 Nepal demographic and health survey indicated that 36% of children unde... more Recent data from the 2016 Nepal demographic and health survey indicated that 36% of children under 5 years of age were stunted, 10% were wasted and 27% were underweight. 4 Nepal multiple indicator cluster survey 2019 shows that 31.5% were stunted, wasted 12% and underweight 24.3% of children under 5 years of age. 5 The sustainable development goals (SDG) by 2030 target ABSTRACT Background: Proper nutrition is crucial for healthy living. According to Nepal multi-indicator cluster survey 2019, prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight were 31.5%, 12% and 24.3% respectively. The prevalence of under nutrition is higher in Karnali Province than other Provinces of Nepal. This study is conducted to assess the factors affecting the nutritional status of under five years' children in Rara Chhayanath municipality, Mugu district. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Rara Chhayanath municipality, Mugu district of Nepal which was purposively selected. Three wards were selected for collection of data. Verbal informed consent was taken from the mothers of the under five children and approval was taken from Little Buddha College of Health Science and Municipality. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with nutrition status of children. Results: In the study, prevalence of stunting and wasting were high as compared to national data i.e., 40.4% and 14.1% percent respectively. The study found that maternal education, family income, exclusive breastfeeding and minimum meal frequency were significantly associated with stunting and wasting. Conclusions: Socioeconomic and child feeding practices were the associated factors of under nutrition. Programs should be focused on socio demographic and economic factors and child feeding practice to reduce problem of malnutrition.

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, May 27, 2020

Good nutrition is essential for growth and development of children. 1 Income is one of major dete... more Good nutrition is essential for growth and development of children. 1 Income is one of major determinant of stunting: food insecurity, diets lacking in diversity, high rates of infectious diseases and inappropriate infant feeding and care practices, and poor sanitation and hygiene practices also contribute to persistent stunting. 2 Nutritional status is defined as the state of the body resulting from the intake, absorption and utilization of food. 3 According to the Global Nutrition Report, 2016 a third of the people worldwide are either under-nourished or overweight. The document points out that malnutrition are responsible for nearly half of all deaths of children under five worldwide. 4 The World Health Organization estimates that childhood underweight is the cause for about 35% of all deaths of children under the age of five years worldwide. 5 More than 83% of population resides in rural ABSTRACT Background: Adequate feeding is basic right of human being. According to NDHS 2016, prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight are 36%, 10% and 27% respectively. The prevalence may be more in underprivileged community like Satar community who reside in eastern part of Nepal. This study was conducted to assess the factors associated with under nutrition of under five years children of Satar community in Bhadrapur Municipality. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Bhadrapur Municipality of Jhapa district which were purposively selected. Four wards where Satar community reside were selected for collection of data. Verbal informed consent was taken from the mothers of the under five children and approval was taken from research committee of Central Institute of Science and Technology College. Bivariate analysis was performed to detect the factors associated with nutrition status of children. Results: In the study, prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight were high as compared to national data i.e. 39.5%, 14.2% and 29.5% percent respectively. The study found that maternal education, paternal education, family income, exclusive breastfeeding and food frequency was significantly associated with under nutrition (stunting, wasting and underweight). Stunting was significantly associated with age of child and mother and religion. Underweight was associated with religion and weaning of children. Conclusions: High prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight are due to socio demographic factors like religion, educational status of father and mother, family income and child feeding practice. Programs should be focused on socio demographic and economic factors and child feeding practice to reduce problem of malnutrition.

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Apr 28, 2023

Depression is a common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or ple... more Depression is a common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, decreased energy, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite and poor concentration. Depression often comes with symptoms of anxiety. Depression is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease and affects people in all communities across the world. Today, depression is estimated to affect 350 million people. The World Mental Health Survey conducted in 17 countries found that on average about 1 in 20 people reported having an episode of depression in the previous year. The demand for curbing depression and ABSTRACT Background: Depression is a common mental disorder with a depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, decreased energy, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, and poor concentration. Globally the prevalence of depression among (15-19 years) males and females are 3.1% and 4.5% respectively. According to WHO, the prevalence of depression in Nepal is 3.2% and the prevalence of depression in (15-19 years) is 7.6%. This research was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression among the secondary-level adolescents of Harion municipality and to examine the variances according to socio-demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, etc. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study design was used in this research. Schools were selected through Simple Random Sampling. Participants were students of 9 and 10 selected schools. The PHQ9 (Patient Health questionnaire) was used to ascertain the prevalence of depression at various levels. Results: Out of 168 students, 97 (57.7%) students had depression. The mean age of the students was 16. Family type of students (p-value=0.036, 95% CI=0.261-0.959 and OR =0.5), students education level (p-value=0.044, 95% CI=0.273-0.986 and OR= 0.519) and physical activities (p-value=0.015, 95% CI=0.248-0.865 and OR=0.463) were found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: The prevalence of depression was seen higher among school-going adolescents in two schools in Harion municipality. There is a need for early identification of depression which can prevent other psychiatric disorders in teenage .

Journal of General Practice and Emergency Medicine of Nepal

Introduction: Malnutrition and poor weight gain as well as maternal obesity have significant infl... more Introduction: Malnutrition and poor weight gain as well as maternal obesity have significant influences on the pregnancy outcome. This study aims to show the effect of first-trimester body mass index and the corresponding gestational weight gain on the outcome of pregnancy. Method: It was a cross-sectional study conducted from 2017 to 2018. The sample size of the study was 740 respondents, which is calculated based on N=Z²pq/d² formulae, where Z=1.96 for 95% CI, p=11.5, q=100-p and d=2.3(20%) of permissible error of prevalence. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were calculated for descriptive analysis. Chi-square test was used to find out the association for categorical variables. Odds Ratio and Logistic regression were also calculated for categorical variables. Result: Most of the women (57.3%) had normal Body Mass Index (BMI). Compared to women of adequate Gestational Weight Gain (GWG), the Odds Ratio of Hypertensive Disorder in Pregnancy (HDP), Gestational Di...

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Immunization is a cost-effective intervention; countries committed to improving child... more Background: Immunization is a cost-effective intervention; countries committed to improving child health and well-being by 2030 and assessing overall progress towards the sustainable development goals are required to reduce vaccine-preventable illness and deaths, which profoundly rely on immunization. Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out in Nepal using secondary data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016 to fulfil the objective and find out the factors associated with full immunization coverage among under two years children in Nepal. This study was conducted in 21 districts based on a low human development index. Results: Among the 306 respondents, this study found that full immunization coverage was (42.2%) and male respondents 51 % were more vaccinated as compared to female 49% of respondents. Similarly, there were mother occupations statistically associated with full immunization coverage. Instructional deliveries (51.7%) were not statistically associated w...

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, Jun 28, 2020

Background. Overweight and obesity are major serious public health problems, since their prevalen... more Background. Overweight and obesity are major serious public health problems, since their prevalence is accelerating rapidly not only in developed but also in developing countries. e aim of this study was to find out the factors associated with the nutritional status of the industrial workers in Bara District of Nepal. Methods. An industry-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among the 271 male workers using pretested semistructured questionnaires, food frequency questionnaire, 24-hour recall method, and anthropometric measurement after obtaining informed consent from the workers. For the categorical independent variables, bivariate and multivariate regression tests were used for the analysis, and for numerical independent variables, Student's t-test was used. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Ethical approval was taken from the Research Committee of the College of Applied Food and Diary Technology (CAFODAT). Results. Overweight /obesity was observed among 27.3% of the participants of which 22.1% were overweight and 5.2% were obese. Age (OR: 2.54; 95% CI: 1.346-4.823); ethnicity, Brahmin/Chhetri (OR: 6.14; 95% CI: 1.971-19.123) and Madhesi (OR: 4.641; 95% CI: 1.534-14.04); and smoking (OR: 4.165; 95% CI: 1.972-8.80) were associated with nutritional status of industrial workers. Additionally, food frequency (OR: 2.232; 95% CI: 1.101-4.522), dietary diversity, and total calorie intake were also significantly associated with nutritional status of industrial workers. Conclusions. e study has indicated that more than one-fourth of workers of iron and steel industries in Bara District of Nepal are overweight or obese. Different sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors and lifestyle-related factors were associated with overweight and obesity. ere is need for programs for industrial workers focused on nutrition education to raise awareness about nutrition-related problems and risk factors.

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Depression is considered a common mental disorder and a major contributor to the glob... more Background: Depression is considered a common mental disorder and a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Depression is estimated to affect 3.8% of the population including 5% of adults and 5.7% among adults older than 60 years, and approximately 280 million people in the world (WHO 2021). Major symptoms of depression include depressed mood, loss of concentration, feeling of excessive guilt, dying thoughts, disrupted sleep, changes in appetite etc. Street vending is informal work that has been contributing in millions of people living status and supporting country’s economy. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among street vendors inside Kathmandu Valley with sample size 316. The study period was from August 2018 to April 2019. Data was collected using standard semi- structured tools using Kobo Toolbox. Data analysis was done in SPSS. Mendeley desktop and statistical package of social science software was used. Results: Out of 316 respondents, high...

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders affect all persons regardless of age and sex and are preval... more Background: Musculoskeletal disorders affect all persons regardless of age and sex and are prevalent across a wide range of industries and jobs. In Asian populations, a high annual prevalence of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorder in at least one body region is varied from 40% to 95%. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and identify the factors contributing to Musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional and quantitative method was used. Random sampling was used to select the banks and convenience sampling was used to select the branches of those selected banks and finally, the census technique was used to collect the data from respondents. A structured questionnaire was designed and administered to study participants. Data collected from respondents were entered into Epidata 3.1 and were analysed and expressed using SPSS 26. Results: The study showed the annual prevalence of Musculoskeletal disorder was 82.5% with the highest single MSDS prevalenc...

Journal of Nepal Medical Association

Introduction: Dengue virus incidence has been increasing trends in every year due to the expansio... more Introduction: Dengue virus incidence has been increasing trends in every year due to the expansion of the vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of dengue among suspected patients admitted to the department of medicine of a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients admitted to the medicine department from 30 September 2022 to 30 December 2022 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 019/2022). Demographic, clinical characteristics and laboratory profiles were collected from dengue patients by using a structured questionnaire. Convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 500 patients, 242 (48.40%) (40.66-56.14, 95% Confidence Interval) were found to be dengue positive. The average age of the enrolled patients was 39.13±20.64 years. Most dengue fever p...

Body Mass Index and Its Association with Triglycerides Among the People Attending Civil Service Hospital

Journal of Chitwan Medical College

Background: Overweight and obesity have been a global concern. Different factors like age, blood ... more Background: Overweight and obesity have been a global concern. Different factors like age, blood pressure, triglycerides increase with increase in BMI. This study assessed the body mass index and its association with triglycerides among the people attending Civil Service Hospital. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients visiting in Family Medicine Outpatient Department for general health check-up civil service hospital. The registers of clients visiting the Department in the month of July and August 2020 were obtained from the Department. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to show descriptive results. Chi-square test was used to show the association between dependent and independent variables. Results: Almost three-quarters (74.7%) of the participants were of age 40 years or more. More than half (50.7%) of the participants had systolic blood pressure between 120 to 139 mm Hg. More than half (59.3%) of the participants...

Technostress in medical and allied field: an empirical study among under graduate public health science students of Purbanchal University affiliated colleges in Kathmandu

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Nov 28, 2022

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Adolescence is the lifespan between childhood and adulthood from ages 10 to 19 years.... more Background: Adolescence is the lifespan between childhood and adulthood from ages 10 to 19 years. Psychological problem is a state of emotional and behavioral disorders, including depression, anxiety, aggression, educational difficulties, etc. The study aimed to assess the impact of associated factors on adolescents’ psychosocial problems.Methods: Analytical cross-sectional and quantitative method was used. The study population was adolescents in grades 8 and 9. Purposive sampling was used to select the schools and the census technique was used to collect the data from respondents. A structured questionnaire was designed and administered to study participants. Data collected from respondents were analysed and expressed using Epidata 3.1 and SPSS 26.Results: The study shows that the prevalence of psychosocial problems among adolescents was 32.4%. The adolescent age group was greatly dominated by the age group 14-15 years (72.1%) and most of the respondents were female (52%). There wa...

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Junk foods typically contain high calories from sugar or fat with little protein, vit... more Background: Junk foods typically contain high calories from sugar or fat with little protein, vitamins, or minerals. This study was conducted to determine the consumption and prevalence of junk food consumed among school-age adolescents. The main aims of this study were to find out the junk food consumption among school-age adolescents (5-18) in Kanakasundari rural municipality.Methods: This was analytical cross-sectional research. The total sample size for the study was 280. Purposive sampling was used to select the schools and census was used to select the students from the schools. A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire in Nepali version was used to collect the data and the collected data were entered and analysed in SPSS using simple statistical methods.Results: Among the 280 respondents, the mean age was 15.17 years. The consumption of junk food among adolescents was 45 percent among males and 55 percent among females. Religion (p=0.011) and type of family (p=0.034) ...

Socio-demographic information of pregnant women

<p>Socio-demographic information of pregnant women.</p

Flow diagram of the study

<p>Flow diagram of the study.</p

Comparison of secondary outcomes variables for base line and end line in control and intervention groups

<p>Comparison of secondary outcomes variables for base line and end line in control and int... more <p>Comparison of secondary outcomes variables for base line and end line in control and intervention groups.</p

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Proper nutrition is crucial for healthy living. According to Nepal multi-indicator cl... more Background: Proper nutrition is crucial for healthy living. According to Nepal multi-indicator cluster survey 2019, prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight were 31.5%, 12% and 24.3% respectively. The prevalence of under nutrition is higher in Karnali Province than other Provinces of Nepal. This study is conducted to assess the factors affecting the nutritional status of under five years’ children in Rara Chhayanath municipality, Mugu district.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Rara Chhayanath municipality, Mugu district of Nepal which was purposively selected. Three wards were selected for collection of data. Verbal informed consent was taken from the mothers of the under five children and approval was taken from Little Buddha College of Health Science and Municipality. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with nutrition status of children. Results: In the study, prevalence of stunting and wasting were high as com...

PLOS ONE, 2019

Background Anemia during pregnancy is a major public health problem globally with multiple causes... more Background Anemia during pregnancy is a major public health problem globally with multiple causes including inadequate dietary intakes. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of nutrition education on nutritional knowledge, hemoglobin level and dietary intake of anemic pregnant women.

Additional file 1 of Knowledge of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among dental surgeons of Nepal: a nationwide study

Additional file 1. Questionnaire.