raman kumar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by raman kumar

The Financial Review, 1992

Abstract This study evaluates the effect of SEC-ordered sus-pensions on securities&amp;am... more Abstract This study evaluates the effect of SEC-ordered sus-pensions on securities&amp;amp;#x27; returns, volatility, and trading volume during 1963-1987. It is found that there is a per-manent devaluation of these securities during the sus-pension. This result, however, is sensitive to the an- ...

Pacific-basin Finance Journal, 1995

Jensen and Meckling (1976) suggest that security analysis monitoring serves to reduce the magnitu... more Jensen and Meckling (1976) suggest that security analysis monitoring serves to reduce the magnitude of agency costs present within the modern corporation. Moyer et al. (1989) provide evidence consistent with this hypothesis for a sample of publicly-traded American firms. In this study we examine the ability of Japanese corporate groupings or keiretsu to serve as an alternate mechanism for the control of agency conflicts. We find for independent firms in Japan that analyst following is directly related to the potential for agency conflict. We do not observe such a relationship, however, for keiretsu firms. Moreover, unlike independent firms, analyst following for keiretsu corporations is not related to the informational demands of investors. Overall, our evidence indicates that the practices of reciprocal equity ownership and the reliance on a common financier among keiretsu member firms mitigate the agency conflicts present within firms and produce more effective ways to channel information between members.

Journal of Finance, 1998

We find that option listings are associated with a decrease in the variance of the pricing error,... more We find that option listings are associated with a decrease in the variance of the pricing error, a decrease in the adverse selection component of the spread, and an increase in the relative weight placed by the specialist on public information in revising prices for the underlying stocks. We also find that there is a decrease in the spread and increases in quoted depth, trading volume, trading frequency, and transaction size after option listings. Overall, our results suggest that option listings improve the market quality of the underlying stocks.

Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, 2004

A congenital fistula between the right pulmonary artery and the left atrium is a rare condition t... more A congenital fistula between the right pulmonary artery and the left atrium is a rare condition that results in cyanosis. We report a successful catheter-based closure of such a fistula in a 12-year-old using an Amplatzer duct occluder. The patient also had an atrial septal defect that was closed with an Amplatzer septal occluder. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:83–86. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Catheterization and Cardiovascular Diagnosis, 1997

Arterial thrombosis is the most frequent major complication of percutaneous arterial catheterizat... more Arterial thrombosis is the most frequent major complication of percutaneous arterial catheterization in children. We prospectively studied the effect of randomized dosage of heparin, 50 IU/kg-group I and 100 IU/kg-group II, on the incidence of arterial thrombosis in 366 children and analysed the various factors which may influence the occurrence of this complication. The age of patients ranged from 17 d to 11 yr (mean age 39.5 +/- 40.9 mo) and mean weight was 11.2 +/- 7.8 kg (range 3 to 39 kg). The incidence of arterial thrombosis was 9.8% in group I and 9.3% in group II (P = NS). There was no statistical difference in precatheterization and procedure variables in the two groups and also in the group with absent pulse (n = 35) to the group with pulse present post cath (n = 331). There were 24.9% infants in our study and 14.3% of these had arterial thrombosis. The loss of pulse was more often seen with more number of attempts at arterial puncture (P < 0.001), absence of back bleed at the end of the procedure (P < 0.001), and increased duration of catheterization (P < 0.01). Use of larger sheath size in a given weight and body surface area of children increased incidence of arterial thrombosis. The administration of heparin 50 IU/kg was equally efficacious to heparin 100 IU/kg. Of the patients with arterial thrombosis, 23 responded with intravenous heparin and 12 needed streptokinase. There was no bleeding or haematoma. Thus our study shows that less attempt for arterial puncture, use of smaller sheath size, maintaining shortest procedure time and ensuring back bleed minimises incidence of arterial thrombosis post catheterization.

Moller/Pediatric Cardiovascular Medicine, 2012

Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 2004

Modifications have been made in cardiopulmonary circuit to reduce the inflammatory deleterious ef... more Modifications have been made in cardiopulmonary circuit to reduce the inflammatory deleterious effects and cost. We present our experience of one such right heart bypass (RHB) circuit utilizing autologus lung as oxygenator.From September 2001 to December 2002, 15 patients underwent congenital heart surgery with this technique. Bypass circuit consisted of a reservoir and a roller pump along with a cardiotomy sucker. The left pulmonary artery and main pulmonary artery were used for arterial return, and venous drainage was achieved with innominate vein cannulation. Inferior vena cava cannulation was performed when needed. Thirteen patients underwent bidirectional Glenn shunt surgery (12 to 24 months, 6 to 10 kg). One patient (26 years old) underwent central shunt with enlargement of confluence and left pulmonary artery. Another patient (18 months old) underwent 1.5 ventricle repair.There were no hospital deaths. Mean flow achieved on RHB was 0.57 ± 0.3 L/min/m2, central venous pressure was 3.3 ± 1.8 mm Hg (0 to 7 mm Hg), and mean arterial pressure could be maintained satisfactorily in all patients (54 ± 14 mm Hg). Mean RHB time was 54 ± 14 min. Mean central venous pressure was 10.1 ± 2.4 mm Hg after procedure and saturation was similar to that on (RHB 88% ± 8%). The mean amount of drainage was 9.1 ± 4.2 mL/kg per 24 hours. Avoiding an oxygenator and reducing the number of tubings achieved a combined cost savings of 40% for all procedures.Right heart bypass is a simple, safer, and less expensive alternative to conventional cardiopulmonary bypass. This technique allows effective decompression of superior vena cava, adequate oxygenation, and predicts saturation after Glenn shunt. It can also be applied for central shunts and pulmonary artery reconstructions with cost containment.

New Directions for Community Colleges, 2004

Coil occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), although inexpensive, is technically challengin... more Coil occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), although inexpensive, is technically challenging for the moderate-large ducts in small children. Bioptome assistance allows better control and precision. We describe case selection strategies, technique, immediate and short-term results of bioptome-assisted closure of moderate-large (≥ 3 mm) PDA in 86 infants and children ≤ 10 kg (age, 18 days to 3 years; median, 8 months; weight, 6.6 ± 1.9 kg; duct size, 3.6 ± 0.8 mm; pulmonary artery mean pressures, 33 ± 12 mm Hg). Patients with PDA > 6 mm (> 4 mm for children under 5 kg) and/or shallow ampullae (by echocardiography) underwent operation (n = 41). Specific technical modifications included use of long sheaths (5.5–8 Fr) for duct delineation and coil delivery, cutting of coils turns (51 patients) to accommodate the coils in the ampulla, and simultaneous delivery of multiple coils (n = 43). As far as possible, coils were deployed entirely in the ampulla. Median fluoroscopy time was 7.3 min (1.2–42 min). Successful deployment was feasible in all (final pulmonary artery mean pressures, 20 ± 4.6 mm Hg). Coils embolized in 14 (16%) patients (all retrieved). Complete occlusion occurred immediately in 63 patients (73%) and in 77 patients (89%) at 24 hr. Three patients had new gradients in the left pulmonary artery. Follow-up (62 patients; median duration, 13 months) revealed small residual Doppler flows in 11 patients (18%) at the most recent visit. Bioptome-assisted coil occlusion of moderate-large PDA in selected infants and small children is feasible with encouraging results. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;62:266–271. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

New Directions for Community Colleges, 2003

Between June 1999 and September 2002, 45 patients (age, 34 ± 13 years; mean shunt ratio, 2.6 ± 0.... more Between June 1999 and September 2002, 45 patients (age, 34 ± 13 years; mean shunt ratio, 2.6 ± 0.6) underwent transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) closure at our institution with the Amplatzer septal occluder (mean device size, 31.4 ± 3 mm). Patients were selected by transesophageal echocardiography. The mean ASD dimension was 25.3 ± 3.7 mm and 33 (73%) patients had deficient anterior rim. Specific procedural details included the use of 13 or 14 Fr introducer sheaths and the right upper pulmonary vein approach if the conventional approach failed. There were two procedural failures, with device embolization in both (surgical retrieval in one, catheter retrieval in one). During follow-up (3–30 months; median, 16 months), one patient (59 years) with previous atrial flutter had pulmonary embolism and was managed with anticoagulation. Two patients developed symptomatic atrial flutter. Fluoroscopy time was 31.6 ± 19.5 min for the first 22 cases and 19.6 ± 11.4 min for the rest (P = 0.04). Transcatheter closure of large ASDs is technically feasible but careful long-term follow-up is needed to document its safety. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;59:522–527. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.