raul muñoz - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by raul muñoz

Los proyectos transformacionales se caracterizan por cambiar la dinámica del funcionamiento del s... more Los proyectos transformacionales se caracterizan por cambiar la dinámica del funcionamiento del sector en el que se llevan a cabo. También permiten integrar regiones de un país, así como el país a la región y al mundo. Eliminan cuellos de botella que impiden aumentar la eficiencia en la provisión de servicios, mejoran significativamente la productividad del país y generan un mejor nivel de vida y mayor equidad en la sociedad. Los efectos e impactos de los proyectos transformacionales van mucho más allá del sector en el que se hacen. Se inician en algún sector de infraestructura económica, como agua y saneamiento, energía y transporte, y tienen efectos de “derrame” en aspectos clave para el desarrollo como salud, educación, bienestar, preservación del medio ambiente, entre otros. En este brochure, presentamos una relación de proyectos con potencial transformacional para Ecuador.

Nature-based Solutions and Water Security, 2021

Science of The Total Environment, 2021

This review paper aims to identify the main sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from wastew... more This review paper aims to identify the main sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and highlights the technologies developed for CO2 capture in this milieu. CO2 is emitted in all the operational units of conventional WWTPs and even after the disposal of treated effluents and sludges. CO2 emissions from wastewater can be captured or mitigated by several technologies such as the production of biochar from sludge, the application of constructed wetlands (CWs), the treatment of wastewater in microbial electrochemical processes (microbial electrosynthesis, MES; microbial electrolytic carbon capture, MECC; in microbial carbon capture, MCC), and via microalgal cultivation. Sludge-to-biochar and CW systems showed a high cost-effectiveness in the capture of CO2, while MES, MECC, MCC technologies, and microalgal cultivation offered efficient capture of CO2 with associate production of value-added by-products. At the state-of-the-art, these technologies, utilized for carbon capture and utilization from wastewater, require more research for further configuration, development and cost-effectiveness. Moreover, the integration of these technologies has a potential internal rate of return (IRR) that could equate the operation or provide additional revenue to wastewater management. In the context of circular economy, these carbon capture technologies will pave the way for new sustainable concepts of WWTPs, as an essential element for the mitigation of climate change fostering the transition to a decarbonised economy.

Grand Challenges in Algae Biotechnology, 2019

Conventional wastewater treatment (WWT) is currently based on the action of heterotrophic and nit... more Conventional wastewater treatment (WWT) is currently based on the action of heterotrophic and nitrifying bacteria supported by mechanical aeration in a sequence of interconnected aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic processes. It provided satisfactory levels of pollutant removal, but at the expenses of high-energy consumption and environmental impacts (high CO2 footprint, nutrient losses, and secondary pollution due to the use of chemicals).

Water Science and Technology, 2005

The aerobic degradation of phenanthrene by a Pseudomonas migulae strain under classical mechanica... more The aerobic degradation of phenanthrene by a Pseudomonas migulae strain under classical mechanical aeration and under photosynthetic oxygenation (using a Chlorella sorokiniana strain) in a two-phase partitioning bioreactor (TPPB) constructed with silicone oil as organic phase was investigated. When traditional mechanical aeration was used, an increase in the aeration and/or in the agitation rate enhanced phenanthrene biodegradation. Thus, phenanthrene removal rates (based on the total liquid volume of cultivation) ranged from 22±1 to 36±2mg/lh at 100rpm and 1vvm and 400rpm and 3vvm, respectively. On the other hand, during phenanthrene biodegradation using the algal-bacterial microcosm a maximum rate of 8.1±1.2mg/lh at 200rpm and 8000 lux of illuminance was achieved.

Negara Indonesia merupakan negara majemuk yang kaya akan etnis, bahasa, adat istiadat dan bersatu... more Negara Indonesia merupakan negara majemuk yang kaya akan etnis, bahasa, adat istiadat dan bersatu padu dalam bhineka tunggal ika. Adat istiadat masyarakat majemuk yang berbhineka tunggal ika tersebut merupakan bentuk pengakuan akan kesetaraan, kesedera

First International Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the DEvelopment of NeTworks and COMmunities

More and more each day users (universities, hospitals, residential, etc) require not only high-ba... more More and more each day users (universities, hospitals, residential, etc) require not only high-bandwidth data transport networks, but also dynamic control of the network infrastructure through a user-friendly interface. The objective of this paper is to present the ADRENALINE 1 testbed, a hybrid platform that combines both real and emulated optical nodes and DWDM links based on a distributed GMPLSbased control plane (RSVP-TE signaling for lightpath provisioning and OSPF-TE routing for topology and optical resources dissemination), and a distributed management plane combining the industry standard SNMP with userfriendly XML based tools to allow users the dynamic provisioning of lightpaths.

Water Science & Technology

Piggery wastewater is characterized by its high content in nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as by... more Piggery wastewater is characterized by its high content in nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as by a low C/N ratio. This type of wastewater is traditionally spread to croplands (with its subsequent leaching to groundwater) or rarely discharged into natural water bodies, which ultimately cause severe episodes of eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems. In this context, activated sludge systems constitute a robust and efficient treatment option. The performance of an activated sludge process using a pre-denitrification configuration treating both sieved and flocculated swine slurry at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 7.7 days was evaluated. In order to avoid bacterial wash-out, sludge from the settler was recirculated to the anoxic tank to accomplish denitrification. Once the biomass was acclimatized, the reactor was fed with swine slurry containing 19, 2.6, and 0.27 g/L of total chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldhal nitrogen (TKN), and soluble P, respectively. Nitrogen removal ...

Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, 2012

Technologies for odor control have been widely reviewed and their optimal range of application an... more Technologies for odor control have been widely reviewed and their optimal range of application and performance has been clearly established. Selection criteria, mainly driven by process economics, are usually based on the air flow volume, the inlet concentrations and the required removal efficiency. However, these criteria are shifting with social and environmental issues becoming as important as process economics.

Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2015

The control of Multi-domain Elastic Optical Networks (EON) is possible by combining H-PCE based c... more The control of Multi-domain Elastic Optical Networks (EON) is possible by combining H-PCE based computation, BGP-LS topology discovery, remote Instantiation via PCEP, and signaling via RSVP-TE. This paper presents the first multi-platform demonstration that fully validates such control architecture achieving multi-protocol interoperability.

IFIP International Federation for Information Processing

The accelerating growth of Internet traffic, together with its bursty traffic pattern is speciall... more The accelerating growth of Internet traffic, together with its bursty traffic pattern is specially motivating the research on not only high-bandwidth but also dynamic metropolitan networks based upon recent advances in optical networking technologies such as R-OADM and OXC. The dynamism of the wavelength-routed networks can be achieved by means of a distributed control plane (i.e signalling for wavelength reservation and routing for dissemination of topology and optical resource state), which can be based in GMPLS. The objective of this paper is to propose a GMPLS-based signalling protocol which allows to have a global wavelength resource information without any routing protocol when provisioning bidirectional connections in uni-ring-based MAN. Performance evaluation has been carried in a GMPLS test-bed composed of Linux routers named ADRENALINE.

Environmental Science & Technology, 2015

The influence of biogas flow rate (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 m 3 m-2 h-1) on the elemental and macromol... more The influence of biogas flow rate (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 m 3 m-2 h-1) on the elemental and macromolecular composition of the algal-bacterial biomass produced from biogas upgrading in a 180 L photobioreactor interconnected to a 2.5 L external bubbled absorption column was investigated using diluted anaerobically digested vinasse as cultivation medium. The influence of the external liquid recirculation/biogas ratio (0.5 < L/G < 67) on the removal of CO2 and H2S, and on the concentrations of O2 and N2 in the upgraded biogas was also evaluated. A L/G ratio of 10 was considered optimum to support CO2 and H2S removals of 80% and 100%, respectively, at all biogas flow rates tested. Biomass productivity increased at increasing biogas flow rate, with a maximum of 12±1 g m-2 d-1 at 1.2 m 3 m-2 h-1 , while the C, N and P biomass content remained constant at 49±2%, 9±0% and 1±0%, respectively, over the 175 days of experimentation. The high carbohydrate contents (60-80%), inversely correlated to biogas flow rates, would allow the production of ≈100 L of ethanol per 1000 m 3 of biogas upgraded under a bio-refinery process approach.

ONDM, 2008

... R. Mu˜noz, R. Martınez, R. Casellas Centre Tecnol`ogic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTT... more ... R. Mu˜noz, R. Martınez, R. Casellas Centre Tecnol`ogic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Spain {raul.munoz, ricardo.martinez, ramon ... PROXY The NOBEL2 control plane interconnection (DCN) is com-posed by 7 test-beds [1], following a star topology throughout a ...

New signaling suites for a distributed control plane in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) ne... more New signaling suites for a distributed control plane in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks, such as generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) and automatic switched optical networks (ASON), allow one to cope with the increasing variability of traffic patterns to be supported by operators by providing a means to dynamically set up and release connections. The dissemination of link-state information [usually provided by routing protocols such as open-shortest-path-first traffic engineering (OSPF-TE)] is essential in this kind of control-plane enabled network: in particular, this information has to be continuously updated to allow routing algorithms to efficiently carry out the path computation. Most of the studies on dynamic traffic routing tend to neglect the effect of delays in controlinformation distribution on routing performance: in particular, even when the control plane is considered as in testbeds, emulators, or some simulations, the analysis of the effects of control plane delays is limited to a small range of values, applicable to wellspecified contexts. Applying a very general controldelay representation, we are able to provide a widerange simulative study to quantify the effect of signaling on routing performance, mainly by using the blocking probability metric. We are able to evaluate the effect of outdated information (1) for a wide interval of control delay values, (2) for a large set of routing scenarios, considering, e.g., unprotected, dedicated, and shared path protection routing, and (3) quantifying the different delay effects in the absence or in the presence of wavelength conversion capabilities.

Biotechnology Letters, 2002

The influence of the initial composition of an algal-bacterial microcosm constituted of Chlorella... more The influence of the initial composition of an algal-bacterial microcosm constituted of Chlorella sorokiniana and Ralstonia basilensis was tested for the fed-batch degradation of salicylate at 5 mM. Salicylate degradation was always limited by the O2 generation rate, which was initially proportional to the algal density, but rapidly became limited by the availability of light once the algae started to grow.

Optical Fiber Communication Conference: Postdeadline Papers, 2014

The first experimental demonstrator of 46-108Gb/s discrete-multi-tone (DMT) fixedlength variable ... more The first experimental demonstrator of 46-108Gb/s discrete-multi-tone (DMT) fixedlength variable capacity OPS over programmable, flexi-grid elastic optical path network (EON), orchestrated via multiple OpenFlow controllers in the framework of SDN is presented.

4th International Pipeline Conference, Parts A and B, 2002

This paper describes the damage caused by a tropical storm to a 48” gas pipeline considered to be... more This paper describes the damage caused by a tropical storm to a 48” gas pipeline considered to be the main natural gas supplier within Mexico’s distribution network. Included is a detailed description of the temporary and permanent repairs and rehabilitation carried out. The pipeline section damaged during this natural event is located in a wide water crossing of the river “Tecolutla” in Veracruz, southern Mexico. The construction process to make a new crossing included horizontal drilling using state of the art technology, extensively applied and improved within the industry during the past 10 years. To accomplish the operation, a novel technique was applied, since the pipeline dimensions (48” diameter and 853 m length), required special tools and equipment. Only twice before in the world have projects similar to this one been attempted. This was the first ever application in Mexico. Therein lies the uniqueness and importance of its successful completion, despite the logistical pro...

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 2013

We present dynamic virtual optical network resource allocation (VON RA) algorithms for on-demand ... more We present dynamic virtual optical network resource allocation (VON RA) algorithms for on-demand deployment of virtual wavelength switched optical networks (WSONs), which is handled by a resource broker with a virtual network topology manager (VNTM). The resource broker with VNTM dynamically configures and deploys independent instances of virtual WSONs over the same physical optical infrastructure and their own independent virtual generalized multiprotocol label switching control plane. The VON RA is computed by a path computation element using global concurrent optimization, which assigns the resources for the virtual optical links (e.g., wavelengths) and nodes. The experimental assessment and performance evaluation have been carried out in the ADRENALINE testbed. We discuss the obtained results on a National Science Foundation Network topology in terms of the VON request blocking rate and VON setup delay, which are used to compare the different proposed algorithms.

Chemosphere, 2014

Toluene biotrickling filtration under anoxic denitrifying conditions was evaluated in two identic... more Toluene biotrickling filtration under anoxic denitrifying conditions was evaluated in two identical bioreactors (R1 and R2) operated at liquid recycling rates of 1.3, 2.7 and 5.3 m h−1 and liquid renewal rates of 0 and 0.17 d−1. R1 and R2 achieved a similar maximum elimination capacity (EC ∼30 g m−3 h−1) at the same toluene inlet load (∼50 g m−3 h−1), which was approximately 7 times higher compared with available literature on continuous toluene removal under anoxic conditions. Nevertheless, higher metabolite accumulation was observed in the bioreactor operated without periodical liquid phase renewal (R2), leading to intermittent drops in its toluene removal performance. This is the first work operating an anoxic biotrickling filter at empty bed residence time of 3 min, which is comparable with those employed in conventional aerobic systems. A characterization of the metabolites accumulated in the liquid phase revealed a dynamic metabolite production and degradation.