sabine crunaire - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by sabine crunaire

Chemical Reviews, 2008

ABSTRACT Optical chemical sensors (OCS) is defined as miniaturized devices that can deliver real ... more ABSTRACT Optical chemical sensors (OCS) is defined as miniaturized devices that can deliver real time and on-line information on the presence of specific compounds or ions in a complex samples. The most widely used techniques utilized in OCS are optical absorption and luminescence. In yielding analyte information, the OCS employ optical transduction techniques. This review will concentrate on developments in OCS with major emphasis from 2000 to the present day. The recent developments in this field have been driven by factors such as the availability of low-cost, miniature optoelectronic light sources and detectors, the need for multianalyte array-based sensors, specifically in the area of biosensing, advances in microfluidics and imaging technology, and the sensor network, as well as optical materials and components.

Ammonia is an atmospheric pollutant precursor of inorganic fine particles (sulphate and ammonium ... more Ammonia is an atmospheric pollutant precursor of inorganic fine particles (sulphate and ammonium nitrate particles) that are particularly harmful to human health. Ammonia and particulate matter (PM) are responsible for severe pollution outbreaks over Europe (LCSQA, LCSQA 2019), during springtime of 2012 (Kutzner et al., 2021), 2014 (Fortems-Cheiney et al., 2016), 2015 (Petit et al., 2017), 2016 (Tournadre et al., 2020: Viatte et al., 2020) and 2020 (Viatte et al., 2021). Despite this major societal and scientific interest, there is a crucial lack of routine ammonia and aerosol speciation observations. One of the scientific reasons comes from the difficulty to measure atmospheric ammonia due to its sticky, volatile, and reactive nature (von Bobrutzki et al., 2010).The objective of the Multi-Instrumental Analysis of Ammonia Concentrations (AMICA) project is to compare the response of different available systems for measuring atmospheric ammonia at a rural site in the Île-de-France reg...

Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems

Ammonia (NH3) is the major alkaline gas i... more Ammonia (NH3) is the major alkaline gas in the atmosphere and the third most abundant N-containing species, after N2 and N2O. It plays an important role in N deposition processes, responsible of several damages on ecosystems, and it is also a precursor of fine particulate matter, known to cause numerous impacts on human health. Despite this, not many countries have implemented long-term monitoring of NH3 in their air quality programs due to the lack of consensus on limit values for ambient levels and a reference method of measuring this gas. In the climate change context, governments and health organizations are increasingly concerned about NH3 and its effects. As a proof, the revision of the EU air quality directives proposes the inclusion of NH3 as a mandatory pollutant for several urban and rural supersites for all member states. Currently, there are only 12 long term programs worldwide dedicated specifically to measure NH3 or including gas-phase measurements of NH3. The longest NH3 time series come from UK and Africa, where measurements start in mid-1990. The rest of locations have started after 2000 and they have lower temporal coverage, between 5 and 22 years. The objectives pursued by these networks are to follow long term spatio-temporal trends, assess the N deposition on sensitive ecosystems, validate emission and/or chemistry transport models and help to understand the effectiveness of air pollution control and mitigation policies. Most of these networks operate using a combination of low-cost samplers with a high spatial density with few collocated sites with high time resolution instrumentation to help calibrate passive samplers and to better monitor the fine temporal variability of NH3. This combined approach has proven to be successful for most of the proposed objectives. However, there are several differences that may difficult harmonizing the information at both the technical and scientific level. At the technical level these include type and number of passive samplers per site, calibration protocol, data control and quality analysis, exposure duration and type of high time resolution sampling method. On the scientific level, increased difficulty understanding the operative parameters and scientific results may come from language barriers (non-English reports), availability of the data (whether it is public or not), and gaps on the knowledge of NH3 levels on a spatial scale due to differences in the implementation of monitoring strategies within the same country. This work aims to review synthetically the world current long-term NH3 networks and provide some insight and recommendations for other countries and supranational programs aiming to establish long term monitoring networks of NH3, based on cost-effective, technical, and operational criteria.

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques

Ammonia (NH 3) in the atmosphere affects both the environment and human health. It is therefore i... more Ammonia (NH 3) in the atmosphere affects both the environment and human health. It is therefore increasingly recognised by policy makers as an important air pollutant that needs to be mitigated, though it still remains unregulated in many countries. In order to understand the effectiveness of abatement strategies, routine NH 3 monitoring is required. Current reference protocols, first developed in the 1990s, use daily samplers with offline analysis; however , there have been a number of technologies developed since, which may be applicable for high time resolution routine monitoring of NH 3 at ambient concentrations. The following study is a comprehensive field intercomparison held over an intensively managed grassland in southeastern Scotland using currently available methods that are reported to be suitable for routine monitoring of ambient NH 3. In total, 13 instruments took part in the field study, including com-Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

Healthy Buildings 2021, Jun 21, 2021

Chemical Engineering Transactions, 2016

The interest in on-field ppbV level measurements of odorous compounds is growing over the last de... more The interest in on-field ppbV level measurements of odorous compounds is growing over the last decade because of the olfactory annoyance related to industrial development near residential areas. The volatile reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs) are identified as the main contributors to environmental unpleasant smells because of their low olfactory thresholds and their specific odor. The active sampling through cartridges filled with Tenax TA® is recognized as the most suitable method for the RSC measurements in ambient air. However, any comprehensive qualification and validation of this method was made. That's why, this study assesses the active sampling parameters on Tenax TA® (sampling flow and breakthrough volumes), performances (detection limit, repeatability) and the uncertainties in measurement of 6 different RSCs at ppb levels. A breakthrough volume of 1L was determined for an optimal sampling flow of 40 mL/min. Storage and humidity represent the two major contributors to the...

The information in this document has formed the basis from which a new standard on measurements e... more The information in this document has formed the basis from which a new standard on measurements employing ammonia diffusive samplers by CEN TC264 WG11 'Ambient air - Diffusive samplers' is being developed and provides an open reference document for the ammonia passive sampling techniques

Atmosphere

Ammonia (NH3) is an unregulated atmospheric gaseous pollutant in ambient air, involved in the for... more Ammonia (NH3) is an unregulated atmospheric gaseous pollutant in ambient air, involved in the formation of fine particles. Ammonia is therefore a major precursor of particulate matter (PM), the health effects of which have been widely demonstrated. NH3 emissions are clearly dominated by the agricultural sector (livestock and fertilizers), but other sources may also be important and less studied, such as road traffic with the increased use of catalytic converters in vehicles. This study is based on a long-term real-time measurements campaign (December 2019–September 2021) on two urban sites: a background site and a roadside site in the same agglomeration in France. The study of historical measurements at the background site clearly demonstrated the dominance of agriculture on the ammonia concentrations. This influence was also observed at both sites during the measurement campaign. The annual and monthly averages obtained in the study were similar to previous ones, with concentration...

Ammonia (NH3) in the atmosphere affects both the environment and human health. It is therefore in... more Ammonia (NH3) in the atmosphere affects both the environment and human health. It is therefore increasingly recognised by policy makers as an important air pollutant that needs to be mitigated. In order to understand the effectiveness of abatement strategies, routine NH3 monitoring is required. Current reference protocols, developed in the 1990s, use daily samplers with offline analysis but there have been a number of technologies developed since, which may be applicable for high time resolution routine monitoring of NH3 at ambient concentrations. The following study is a comprehensive field intercomparison held over an intensively managed grassland in South East Scotland using currently available methods that are reported to be suitable for routine monitoring of ambient NH3. In total 13 instruments took part in the field study. The instruments include: an online ion chromatography system (MARGA, Metrohm-Applikon,NL), two wet chemistry continuous flow analysis systems (AiRRmonia, Mechatronics, NL), a photoacoustic spectrometer (NH3 monitor, LSE, NL), two mini Differential

Environmental health perspectives, Sep 19, 2013

www.mdpi.com/journal/chemosensors

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021

Environmental odor studies are usually done using two approaches: nuisance impact assessment and ... more Environmental odor studies are usually done using two approaches: nuisance impact assessment and source identification. The latter may be done using chemical analysis or sensory analysis. While sensory analyses offer many advantages, they also face the main obstacle: odor nature description still uses conventional methods based on subjective evocations as odor descriptors. This makes the sensory method ineffective especially when the expected outcome is the source identification in the context of an industrial accident. This work wants to fulfill this gap proposing to build an objective database including the odor nature description of selected potentially emitted compounds using a promising approach: the Langage des Nez® (LdN). Using definite odorous compounds as odor referents, this work provides the odor nature description of 44 compounds, reported as potential incidentally released chemical compounds in the industrial zone of Le Havre. The city of Le Havre, France, was chosen as...

Chemical engineering transactions, 2021

When studying odour nuisance, sensory analyses show many advantages making these approaches essen... more When studying odour nuisance, sensory analyses show many advantages making these approaches essential along with chemical analyses. However, sensory analyses face the problem of subjectivity related to the panel. This subjectivity, even if it may be cured when assessing the odour intensity, is still an obstacle when describing the odour profile. One method offers a solution: The Langage des Nez®. This is an approach that uses definite chemical referents as odour descriptors. The aim of this work is to experiment the efficiency of this method when analysing the odour of incidentally emitted compounds in industrial zones.The odour of 44 chemical compound that can be released incidentally in the industrial zone of the city of Le Havre, France, was described using the Langage des Nez®. A trained panel was asked to describe the odour of each compound using one, two or three referents from the Langage des Nez® and attributing a score over 9 for the chosen referents as a degree of represen...

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021

The original version of this article contains a mistake. Maryline and Jean-Noël Jaubert should be... more The original version of this article contains a mistake. Maryline and Jean-Noël Jaubert should be removed in the Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Science of The Total Environment, 2021

For several years, various issues have up surged linked to odor nuisances with impacts on health ... more For several years, various issues have up surged linked to odor nuisances with impacts on health and economic concerns. As awareness grew, recent development in instrumental techniques and sensorial analysis have emerged offering efficient and complementary approaches regarding environmental odor monitoring and control. While chemical analysis faces several obstacles, the sensory approach can help overcome them. Therefore, this latter may be considered as subjective, putting the reliability of the studies at risk. This paper is a review of the most commonly sensory methodology used for quantitative and qualitative environmental assessment of odor intensity (OI), odor concentration (OC), odor nature (ON) and hedonic tone (HT). For each of these odor dimensions, the assessment techniques are presented and compared: panel characteristics are discussed; laboratory and field studies are considered and the objectivity of the results is debated. For odor quantification, the use of a reference scale for OI assessment offers less subjectivity than other techniques but at the expense of ease-of-use. For OC assessment, the use of dynamic olfactometry was shown to be the least biased. For odor qualification, the ON description was less subjective when a reference-based lexicon was used but at the expense of simplicity, cost, and lesser panel-training requirements. Only when assessing HT was subjectivity an accepted feature because it reflects the impacted communities' acceptance of odorous emissions. For all discussed dimensions, field studies were shown to be the least biased due to the absence of air sampling, except for OC, where the dispersion modeling approach also showed great potential. In conclusion, this paper offers the reader a guide for environmental odor sensory analysis with the capacity to choose among different methods depending on the study nature, expectations, and capacities.

Atmosphere, 2019

A growing number of companies have started commercializing low-cost sensors (LCS) that are said t... more A growing number of companies have started commercializing low-cost sensors (LCS) that are said to be able to monitor air pollution in outdoor air. The benefit of the use of LCS is the increased spatial coverage when monitoring air quality in cities and remote locations. Today, there are hundreds of LCS commercially available on the market with costs ranging from several hundred to several thousand euro. At the same time, the scientific literature currently reports independent evaluation of the performance of LCS against reference measurements for about 110 LCS. These studies report that LCS are unstable and often affected by atmospheric conditions—cross-sensitivities from interfering compounds that may change LCS performance depending on site location. In this work, quantitative data regarding the performance of LCS against reference measurement are presented. This information was gathered from published reports and relevant testing laboratories. Other information was drawn from pe...

Microchemical Journal, 2018

Odour annoyance forms the main source of environmental stress in residents living nearby industri... more Odour annoyance forms the main source of environmental stress in residents living nearby industrial or agricultural fields. However, despite a relative simplicity of odour measurement at the emission source, odour measurement in the field is a quite more complicated task. Because of their low odour threshold and offensive odour, this study focuses on 6 reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs): methylmercaptan (MM), ethylmercaptan (EM), dimethylsulfide (DMS), isopropylmercaptan (IPM), tertbutylmercatpan (TBM), diethylsulfide (DES). Because of their very low concentrations in ambient air (few ppb), a preconcentration step is usually required. The literature points Tenax TA® as the more suitable sorbent for sulfur compounds adsorption but shows also an important impact of humidity and storage parameters inducing an underestimation of sulfur ambient air concentrations. So only qualitative or semi-quantitative data results are obtained with Tenax TA® samplings of targeted compounds. To guarantee quantitative concentration data, a new sampling device, using a S-Sorbent Tube 450 combined with an optimal drying device, was performed and optimized sampling and analysis parameters were determined. The assessment of uncertainties attests of quantitative measurements for 5 of the 6 RSCs (EM, DMS, IPM, TBM, DES) with relative expanded uncertainties less than 33 % considering that samples were stored properly in freeze during 7 days. Only semi

Microchemical Journal, 2017

In the past two decades there has been increasing interest in monitoring volatile reduced sulfur ... more In the past two decades there has been increasing interest in monitoring volatile reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs) in the atmosphere relatively to their unpleasant smell and their low olfactory threshold. The olfactory annoyance is considered as an important environmental issue, especially since the industrial development near residential areas. The volatile reduced sulfur compounds including mercaptans (RSH) and sulfides (RSR') are emitted from different sources as sewage, waste treatment plant and chemical industry. A preconcentration step before analysis is required in case of odor nuisance at low concentration (a few ppb). While active sampling through cartridges filled with Tenax TA® is recognized as the most suitable method for the measurements of RSCs in ambient air, any comprehensive qualification and validation of this sampling method was carried out. In this work, breakthrough volumes were determined for 6 different RSCs (methylmercaptan, ethylmercaptan, dimethylsulfide, isopropylmercaptan, tertbutylmercaptan, diethylsulfide) at ppb levels on active sampling tubes packed with 250 mg of Tenax TA®. Breakthrough volumes range from 1 to N 5 L, for an optimal flow of 25 mL min −1. Except for methylmercaptan, for which it was estimated to b0.2 L at 20 ppb and around 2 L at 1 ppb. No quantitative measurement could be assured for methylmercaptan due to low breakthrough volume; whereas for the 5 others RSCs, the global measurement uncertainties linked to the active sampling (matrix interferences, storage), and to the analytical performances of TD-GC-FID/FPD analysis were calculated. Analytical uncertainties don't exceed 25%: the accuracy of the standard preparation and the lack of fit of calibration are the two major contributors. However, taking into account the sampling uncertainties, global relative concentration uncertainties reach maximal values of 74 and 59% for mercaptans and sulfides respectively considering a storage at −21°C and a relative humidity of 85% (at 20°C). Storage contribution was estimated to 2% for sulfides and 34% for mercaptans and relative humidity contribution between 55% and 85% for the sulfides and mercaptans at a relative humidity of 85% (at 20°C).

Pollution atmosphérique, 1970

Le décret 2011-1728 rendra obligatoire la surveillance de la qualité de l'air dans les bâtiments ... more Le décret 2011-1728 rendra obligatoire la surveillance de la qualité de l'air dans les bâtiments publics français en 2015. Afin de mettre en place les modalités de cette surveillance, une campagne pilote a été initiée en 2009 et a consisté à mesurer les concentrations de formaldéhyde, de benzène et le confinement au sein de 300 écoles primaires et crèches. La première phase de cette campagne a révélé quatre salles de classe présentant des concentrations en formaldéhyde proches de la valeur d'information et de recommandation actuelle égale à 50 µg/m

Chemical Reviews, 2008

Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques

Healthy Buildings 2021, Jun 21, 2021

Chemical Engineering Transactions, 2016

Atmosphere

Environmental health perspectives, Sep 19, 2013

www.mdpi.com/journal/chemosensors

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021

Chemical engineering transactions, 2021

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021

Science of The Total Environment, 2021

Atmosphere, 2019

Microchemical Journal, 2018

Microchemical Journal, 2017

Pollution atmosphérique, 1970