richard sack - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by richard sack
In the past five years, DAE, with the support and collaboration of USAID, has sponsored case stud... more In the past five years, DAE, with the support and collaboration of USAID, has sponsored case studies on Education Policy Formation in ten African countries. The cases are:
Wapenhans was a vice-president of the World Bank. In an interview conducted on August 8, 1993 for... more Wapenhans was a vice-president of the World Bank. In an interview conducted on August 8, 1993 for the World Bank's Oral History Program, he states, "There is a declining trend in project performance, highly concentrated in IDA countries and the Bank is contributing to it because of the presence of an approval culture. To remain the leading and preeminent institution that it is, it needs to reverse, and it can reverse to its earlier emphasis on performance. It should not resort to more bureaucracy, to a further invitation to promote compliance. It should not invite its staff, including its managers, to protect their rear. Such an emphasis would further foster risk aversion, not only of staff but also of managers. If not contained, it could retard development.
The views and opinions expressed in this booklet are those of the authors and do not necessarily ... more The views and opinions expressed in this booklet are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of UNESCO, IIEP or RCQE The designations employed and the presentation of material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO, IIEP or RCQE concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area, or its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries.
Forum for Development Studies, 2003
This article reviews the first in an annual series of global monitoring reports on progress towar... more This article reviews the first in an annual series of global monitoring reports on progress towards Education for All (EFA). The book-length Report under review is discussed from the perspectives of its approach to assessing progress towards EFA, the methodologies used to do this; the implications for the EFA movement; as well as some of the implications for the international institutions working for EFA. The quality and utility of the Report are noted, as are several more problematical matters.
Page 1. Etude réalisée avec l'appui du F3E pour SOLIDARITE LAIQUE Report and annexes – 341Ev... more Page 1. Etude réalisée avec l'appui du F3E pour SOLIDARITE LAIQUE Report and annexes – 341Ev Evaluation of the Education and Governance Programme in the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka (based on a mission to Sri Lanka from December 8-23, 2011) February 1, 2012 ...
Perspectivas Revista Trimestral De Educacion Comparada, 1981
International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 1973
Forum for Development Studies, 2003
This article reviews the first in an annual series of global monitoring reports on progress towar... more This article reviews the first in an annual series of global monitoring reports on progress towards Education for All (EFA). The book-length Report under review is discussed from the perspectives of its approach to assessing progress towards EFA, the methodologies used to do this; the implications for the EFA movement; as well as some of the implications for the international institutions working for EFA. The quality and utility of the Report are noted, as are several more problematical matters.
Ecology, 1964
A digital computer simulation of a six—species ecological system is reported. The mass—action (Lo... more A digital computer simulation of a six—species ecological system is reported. The mass—action (Lotka—Volterra) mechanism is used as a starting point, with modifications as required by ecological reality; the computer program used permits description of the system in terms of species and their interactions, without requiring manipulation of differential equations. The behavior of the simulated system is in good general agreement with reality, and some testable hypothesis have been found. Properties of the system include: the total amount of protoplasm in the system determines the highest level predator it will support; two species cannot simultaneously occupy the same food—chain position; important stabilizing influences include sufficient predator populations and negative feedback controls on reproduction; ecological systems may have distinctive time cycle lengths, resistant to perturbation. See full-text article at JSTOR
Comparative Education Review, 1973
Comparative Education Review, 1986
how built-in organizational contradictions can degenerate into a crisis that threatens the organi... more how built-in organizational contradictions can degenerate into a crisis that threatens the organization's survival. In the case of Unesco, we have a situation that is fundamentally contradictory but nevertheless stable over a long period and then suddenly degenerates into crisis. The process was actually years in the making, and its ingredients are many and of different natures. The organization still operates with its original constitution, although there has been more than a threefold increase in its membership and, therefore, its expectations of the organization. Its largest contributor, the United States, took relatively little notice of its programs and operations and appeared to be practicing a long-term policy of benign neglict toward the organization. The current director-general, a fervent advocate of the interests of the Third World, has combined a certain neglect of the interests of the organization's largest contributors with mismanagement of its financial, personnel, and programmatic operations. Unesco is structured to function in a classic double bind. Politically, it houses countries with very different, and often antagonistic, aims and ambitions. Its member-countries (161 until the withdrawal of the United States) represent the full spectrum of political, cultural, and economic practices. Structurally, there is a legal working majority that has practically no material responsibility for the organization's financial foundations. This structural contradiction works to the advantage of the poorer members, and it is to their advantage that it be maintained.
ADEA 2003 biennial meeting, Mauritius, 2003
... and Investments into Results by Ibrahima Bah-Lalya and Richard Sack ... Implementation is abo... more ... and Investments into Results by Ibrahima Bah-Lalya and Richard Sack ... Implementation is about action, it is dynamic, whereas diagnostic studies tend to focus on fixed, historical situations for which data can be collected (Bah-Lalya 1992), and ...
International Higher Education, 2017
Comparative Education Review, 1972
… in medicine and …, 1964
Computer simulation of ecological systems has been based primarily on systems of differential equ... more Computer simulation of ecological systems has been based primarily on systems of differential equations. In some cases' :l this has been based on the assumption, originally made by Lotka' and Volterra,' that these equations may be derived from the mass action law, i.e., the rate of interaction of two species is proportional to the product of their populations. This has been criticized as inadequately representing ecological reality by other workers (Watt),"" who have derived their differential equations in other ways. It has not yet been possible to accurately represent the behavior of an ecological system of any complexity by means of computer simulation. In part, this is due to the sheer complexity of the representation required, and, inpart, to the influence on real ecological systems of such nearly random factors as the weather. The accuracy of a differential equation representation may also be somewhat limited by the fact that the use of differential equations assumes continuous variables, and living organisms do not satisfy this assumption: for nearly all species, the basic unit of life is the individual organism rather than some form of living continuum. In spite of this, differential equation representations have thus far been the most useful; but other types of representation deserve some consideration, and two will be describedthe Monte Carlo method and the Markov chain representation.
In the past five years, DAE, with the support and collaboration of USAID, has sponsored case stud... more In the past five years, DAE, with the support and collaboration of USAID, has sponsored case studies on Education Policy Formation in ten African countries. The cases are:
Wapenhans was a vice-president of the World Bank. In an interview conducted on August 8, 1993 for... more Wapenhans was a vice-president of the World Bank. In an interview conducted on August 8, 1993 for the World Bank's Oral History Program, he states, "There is a declining trend in project performance, highly concentrated in IDA countries and the Bank is contributing to it because of the presence of an approval culture. To remain the leading and preeminent institution that it is, it needs to reverse, and it can reverse to its earlier emphasis on performance. It should not resort to more bureaucracy, to a further invitation to promote compliance. It should not invite its staff, including its managers, to protect their rear. Such an emphasis would further foster risk aversion, not only of staff but also of managers. If not contained, it could retard development.
The views and opinions expressed in this booklet are those of the authors and do not necessarily ... more The views and opinions expressed in this booklet are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of UNESCO, IIEP or RCQE The designations employed and the presentation of material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO, IIEP or RCQE concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area, or its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries.
Forum for Development Studies, 2003
This article reviews the first in an annual series of global monitoring reports on progress towar... more This article reviews the first in an annual series of global monitoring reports on progress towards Education for All (EFA). The book-length Report under review is discussed from the perspectives of its approach to assessing progress towards EFA, the methodologies used to do this; the implications for the EFA movement; as well as some of the implications for the international institutions working for EFA. The quality and utility of the Report are noted, as are several more problematical matters.
Page 1. Etude réalisée avec l'appui du F3E pour SOLIDARITE LAIQUE Report and annexes – 341Ev... more Page 1. Etude réalisée avec l'appui du F3E pour SOLIDARITE LAIQUE Report and annexes – 341Ev Evaluation of the Education and Governance Programme in the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka (based on a mission to Sri Lanka from December 8-23, 2011) February 1, 2012 ...
Perspectivas Revista Trimestral De Educacion Comparada, 1981
International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 1973
Forum for Development Studies, 2003
This article reviews the first in an annual series of global monitoring reports on progress towar... more This article reviews the first in an annual series of global monitoring reports on progress towards Education for All (EFA). The book-length Report under review is discussed from the perspectives of its approach to assessing progress towards EFA, the methodologies used to do this; the implications for the EFA movement; as well as some of the implications for the international institutions working for EFA. The quality and utility of the Report are noted, as are several more problematical matters.
Ecology, 1964
A digital computer simulation of a six—species ecological system is reported. The mass—action (Lo... more A digital computer simulation of a six—species ecological system is reported. The mass—action (Lotka—Volterra) mechanism is used as a starting point, with modifications as required by ecological reality; the computer program used permits description of the system in terms of species and their interactions, without requiring manipulation of differential equations. The behavior of the simulated system is in good general agreement with reality, and some testable hypothesis have been found. Properties of the system include: the total amount of protoplasm in the system determines the highest level predator it will support; two species cannot simultaneously occupy the same food—chain position; important stabilizing influences include sufficient predator populations and negative feedback controls on reproduction; ecological systems may have distinctive time cycle lengths, resistant to perturbation. See full-text article at JSTOR
Comparative Education Review, 1973
Comparative Education Review, 1986
how built-in organizational contradictions can degenerate into a crisis that threatens the organi... more how built-in organizational contradictions can degenerate into a crisis that threatens the organization's survival. In the case of Unesco, we have a situation that is fundamentally contradictory but nevertheless stable over a long period and then suddenly degenerates into crisis. The process was actually years in the making, and its ingredients are many and of different natures. The organization still operates with its original constitution, although there has been more than a threefold increase in its membership and, therefore, its expectations of the organization. Its largest contributor, the United States, took relatively little notice of its programs and operations and appeared to be practicing a long-term policy of benign neglict toward the organization. The current director-general, a fervent advocate of the interests of the Third World, has combined a certain neglect of the interests of the organization's largest contributors with mismanagement of its financial, personnel, and programmatic operations. Unesco is structured to function in a classic double bind. Politically, it houses countries with very different, and often antagonistic, aims and ambitions. Its member-countries (161 until the withdrawal of the United States) represent the full spectrum of political, cultural, and economic practices. Structurally, there is a legal working majority that has practically no material responsibility for the organization's financial foundations. This structural contradiction works to the advantage of the poorer members, and it is to their advantage that it be maintained.
ADEA 2003 biennial meeting, Mauritius, 2003
... and Investments into Results by Ibrahima Bah-Lalya and Richard Sack ... Implementation is abo... more ... and Investments into Results by Ibrahima Bah-Lalya and Richard Sack ... Implementation is about action, it is dynamic, whereas diagnostic studies tend to focus on fixed, historical situations for which data can be collected (Bah-Lalya 1992), and ...
International Higher Education, 2017
Comparative Education Review, 1972
… in medicine and …, 1964
Computer simulation of ecological systems has been based primarily on systems of differential equ... more Computer simulation of ecological systems has been based primarily on systems of differential equations. In some cases' :l this has been based on the assumption, originally made by Lotka' and Volterra,' that these equations may be derived from the mass action law, i.e., the rate of interaction of two species is proportional to the product of their populations. This has been criticized as inadequately representing ecological reality by other workers (Watt),"" who have derived their differential equations in other ways. It has not yet been possible to accurately represent the behavior of an ecological system of any complexity by means of computer simulation. In part, this is due to the sheer complexity of the representation required, and, inpart, to the influence on real ecological systems of such nearly random factors as the weather. The accuracy of a differential equation representation may also be somewhat limited by the fact that the use of differential equations assumes continuous variables, and living organisms do not satisfy this assumption: for nearly all species, the basic unit of life is the individual organism rather than some form of living continuum. In spite of this, differential equation representations have thus far been the most useful; but other types of representation deserve some consideration, and two will be describedthe Monte Carlo method and the Markov chain representation.