sahil sharma - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by sahil sharma
Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2021
The process of detecting language from an audio clip by an unknown speaker, regardless of gender,... more The process of detecting language from an audio clip by an unknown speaker, regardless of gender, manner of speaking, and distinct age speaker, is defined as spoken language identification (SLID). The considerable task is to recognize the features that can distinguish between languages clearly and efficiently. The model uses audio files and converts those files into spectrogram images. It applies the convolutional neural network (CNN) to bring out main attributes or features to detect output easily. The main objective is to detect languages out of English, French, Spanish, and German, Estonian, Tamil, Mandarin, Turkish, Chinese, Arabic, Hindi, Indonesian, Portuguese, Japanese, Latin, Dutch, Portuguese, Pushto, Romanian, Korean, Russian, Swedish, Tamil, Thai, and Urdu. An experiment was conducted on different audio files using the Kaggle dataset named spoken language identification. These audio files are comprised of utterances, each of them spanning over a fixed duration of 10 secon...
International Journal of Intelligent Engineering Informatics, 2020
In modern times, when deep learning-based face recognition is highly in demand, this paper presen... more In modern times, when deep learning-based face recognition is highly in demand, this paper presents machine learning techniques using the low-level feature extraction. Deep learning has a drawback of getting things done in a black-box, however extraction of low-level features viz. histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), speeded up robust features (SURF), and local binary patterns (LBPs) with a machine learning-based classification model presents higher simplicity. This paper presents the experimental demonstrations using 22 variations of machine learning models. Two face datasets, namely, Bosphorus and UMBDB are used for evaluating different classification models. Four experimentations are shown in the implementation section to demonstrate the effect of feature extraction, discretisation, feature variation, and noise in the image under probe. The subspace discriminant ensemble model yields the highest efficiency in classifying faces using HOG features. The effect of various noise attacks on the probe image is shown in the last experimentation.
MAPAN, 2019
In this article, we describe the effects and the degree to which they cause error in the measurem... more In this article, we describe the effects and the degree to which they cause error in the measurement of propagation velocity. Various effects include nonlinearity in path measurement, temperature stability and number of maxima or minima consideration. Double-distilled water was used as a sample to estimate various effects. Finally, it has been concluded that the variable frequency approach may be preferred for better accuracy. It has also been observed that the digital frequency selection is more precise than mechanical distance variation.
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2017
A library of forty 7,8-benzoflavone derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitor... more A library of forty 7,8-benzoflavone derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory potential against cholesterol esterase (CEase). Among all the synthesized compounds seven benzoflavone derivatives (A-7, A-8, A-10, A-11, A-12, A-13, A-15) exhibited significant inhibition against CEase in in vitro enzymatic assay. Compound A-12 showed the most promising activity with IC 50 value of 0.78 nM against cholesterol esterase. Enzyme kinetic studies carried out for A-12, revealed its mixed-type inhibition approach. Molecular protein-ligand docking studies were also performed to figure out the key binding interactions of A-12 with the amino acid residues of the enzyme's active site. The A-12 fits well at the catalytic site and is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions. It completely blocks the catalytic assembly of CEase and prevents it to participate in ester hydrolysis mechanism. The favorable binding conformation of A-12 suggests its prevailing role as CEase inhibitor.
Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2016
Introduction: Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a versatile molybdoflavoprotein, widely distributed, occur... more Introduction: Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a versatile molybdoflavoprotein, widely distributed, occurring in milk, kidney, lung, heart, and vascular endothelium. Catalysis by XO to produce uric acid and reactive oxygen species leads to many diseases. Anti hyperuricemic therapy by xanthine oxidase inhibitors has been mainly employed for the treatment of gout. Area covered: This review covers the patent literature (2011-2015) and also presents the interesting strategies/rational approaches employed for the design of xanthine oxidase inhibitors reported recently. Expert opinion: Recent literature indicates that various non purine scaffolds have been extensively investigated for xanthine oxidase inhibition. The significant potential endowed by heteroaryl based compounds, in particularly fused heterocycles clearly highlights their clinical promise and the need for detailed investigation. Studies by various research groups have also revealed that the flavone framework is open for isosteric replacements and structural modifications for yielding potent non purine xanthine oxidase inhibitors. In addition, various plant extracts recently reported to possess significant xanthine oxidase inhibitory potential presents enough promise to initiate a screening program for the identification of other plant extracts and phytoconstituents possessing inhibitory potential towards the enzyme.
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2015
Keeping in view the limitations associated with currently available anticancer drugs, molecular h... more Keeping in view the limitations associated with currently available anticancer drugs, molecular hybrids of mono carbonyl curcumin and isatin tethered by triazole ring have been synthesized and evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against THP-1, COLO-205, HCT-116, A549, HeLa, CAKI-I, PC-3, MiaPaca-2 human cancer cell lines. The results revealed that the compounds SA-1 to SA-9, SB-2, SB-3, SB-4, SB-7 and SC-2 showed a good range of IC50 values against THP-1, COLO-205, HCT-116 and PC-3 cell lines, while the other four cell lines among these were found to be almost resistant. Structure activity relationship revealed that the nature of Ring X and substitution at position R influences the activity. Methoxy substituted phenyl ring as Ring X and H as R were found to be the ideal structural features. The most potent compounds (SA-2, SA-3, SA-4, SA-7) were further tested for tubulin inhibition. Compound SA-2 was found to significantly inhibit the tubulin polymerization (IC50=1.2μM against HCT-116). Compound SA-2, moreover, lead to the disruption of microtubules as confirmed by immunofluorescence technique. The significant cytotoxicity and tubulin inhibition by SA-2 was streamlined by molecular modeling studies where it was docked at the curcumin binding site of tubulin.
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2015
Abstract Keeping in view the recent success of molecular hybridization technique in drug design, ... more Abstract Keeping in view the recent success of molecular hybridization technique in drug design, 2,4-diarylpyrano[3,2-c]chromen-5(4H)-ones as conjugates of coumarins and chalcones have been designed and synthesized in the present study. The catalytic efficiency of various Lewis acids for the synthesis of designed conjugates under neat conditions was investigated, and SiO2 (200-400 mesh)-ZnCl2 was optimized as the best catalyst among the tested ones. The conjugates were evaluated for in-vitro xanthine oxidase activity. The results of the in-vitro assay were quite promising as some conjugates were endowed with remarkable inhibitory potential against the enzyme. HV-8, 11 and 12 were found to be high-potent inhibitors with HV-11 (the most potent inhibitor) possessing an IC50 value of 2.21 µM. The most active conjugate HV-11 was evaluated for the type of inhibition and was found to be a mixed type inhibitor. The compliance of some selected conjugates to the Lipinski rule was also calculated.
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2014
Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2021
The process of detecting language from an audio clip by an unknown speaker, regardless of gender,... more The process of detecting language from an audio clip by an unknown speaker, regardless of gender, manner of speaking, and distinct age speaker, is defined as spoken language identification (SLID). The considerable task is to recognize the features that can distinguish between languages clearly and efficiently. The model uses audio files and converts those files into spectrogram images. It applies the convolutional neural network (CNN) to bring out main attributes or features to detect output easily. The main objective is to detect languages out of English, French, Spanish, and German, Estonian, Tamil, Mandarin, Turkish, Chinese, Arabic, Hindi, Indonesian, Portuguese, Japanese, Latin, Dutch, Portuguese, Pushto, Romanian, Korean, Russian, Swedish, Tamil, Thai, and Urdu. An experiment was conducted on different audio files using the Kaggle dataset named spoken language identification. These audio files are comprised of utterances, each of them spanning over a fixed duration of 10 secon...
International Journal of Intelligent Engineering Informatics, 2020
In modern times, when deep learning-based face recognition is highly in demand, this paper presen... more In modern times, when deep learning-based face recognition is highly in demand, this paper presents machine learning techniques using the low-level feature extraction. Deep learning has a drawback of getting things done in a black-box, however extraction of low-level features viz. histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), speeded up robust features (SURF), and local binary patterns (LBPs) with a machine learning-based classification model presents higher simplicity. This paper presents the experimental demonstrations using 22 variations of machine learning models. Two face datasets, namely, Bosphorus and UMBDB are used for evaluating different classification models. Four experimentations are shown in the implementation section to demonstrate the effect of feature extraction, discretisation, feature variation, and noise in the image under probe. The subspace discriminant ensemble model yields the highest efficiency in classifying faces using HOG features. The effect of various noise attacks on the probe image is shown in the last experimentation.
MAPAN, 2019
In this article, we describe the effects and the degree to which they cause error in the measurem... more In this article, we describe the effects and the degree to which they cause error in the measurement of propagation velocity. Various effects include nonlinearity in path measurement, temperature stability and number of maxima or minima consideration. Double-distilled water was used as a sample to estimate various effects. Finally, it has been concluded that the variable frequency approach may be preferred for better accuracy. It has also been observed that the digital frequency selection is more precise than mechanical distance variation.
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2017
A library of forty 7,8-benzoflavone derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitor... more A library of forty 7,8-benzoflavone derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory potential against cholesterol esterase (CEase). Among all the synthesized compounds seven benzoflavone derivatives (A-7, A-8, A-10, A-11, A-12, A-13, A-15) exhibited significant inhibition against CEase in in vitro enzymatic assay. Compound A-12 showed the most promising activity with IC 50 value of 0.78 nM against cholesterol esterase. Enzyme kinetic studies carried out for A-12, revealed its mixed-type inhibition approach. Molecular protein-ligand docking studies were also performed to figure out the key binding interactions of A-12 with the amino acid residues of the enzyme's active site. The A-12 fits well at the catalytic site and is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions. It completely blocks the catalytic assembly of CEase and prevents it to participate in ester hydrolysis mechanism. The favorable binding conformation of A-12 suggests its prevailing role as CEase inhibitor.
Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2016
Introduction: Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a versatile molybdoflavoprotein, widely distributed, occur... more Introduction: Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a versatile molybdoflavoprotein, widely distributed, occurring in milk, kidney, lung, heart, and vascular endothelium. Catalysis by XO to produce uric acid and reactive oxygen species leads to many diseases. Anti hyperuricemic therapy by xanthine oxidase inhibitors has been mainly employed for the treatment of gout. Area covered: This review covers the patent literature (2011-2015) and also presents the interesting strategies/rational approaches employed for the design of xanthine oxidase inhibitors reported recently. Expert opinion: Recent literature indicates that various non purine scaffolds have been extensively investigated for xanthine oxidase inhibition. The significant potential endowed by heteroaryl based compounds, in particularly fused heterocycles clearly highlights their clinical promise and the need for detailed investigation. Studies by various research groups have also revealed that the flavone framework is open for isosteric replacements and structural modifications for yielding potent non purine xanthine oxidase inhibitors. In addition, various plant extracts recently reported to possess significant xanthine oxidase inhibitory potential presents enough promise to initiate a screening program for the identification of other plant extracts and phytoconstituents possessing inhibitory potential towards the enzyme.
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2015
Keeping in view the limitations associated with currently available anticancer drugs, molecular h... more Keeping in view the limitations associated with currently available anticancer drugs, molecular hybrids of mono carbonyl curcumin and isatin tethered by triazole ring have been synthesized and evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against THP-1, COLO-205, HCT-116, A549, HeLa, CAKI-I, PC-3, MiaPaca-2 human cancer cell lines. The results revealed that the compounds SA-1 to SA-9, SB-2, SB-3, SB-4, SB-7 and SC-2 showed a good range of IC50 values against THP-1, COLO-205, HCT-116 and PC-3 cell lines, while the other four cell lines among these were found to be almost resistant. Structure activity relationship revealed that the nature of Ring X and substitution at position R influences the activity. Methoxy substituted phenyl ring as Ring X and H as R were found to be the ideal structural features. The most potent compounds (SA-2, SA-3, SA-4, SA-7) were further tested for tubulin inhibition. Compound SA-2 was found to significantly inhibit the tubulin polymerization (IC50=1.2μM against HCT-116). Compound SA-2, moreover, lead to the disruption of microtubules as confirmed by immunofluorescence technique. The significant cytotoxicity and tubulin inhibition by SA-2 was streamlined by molecular modeling studies where it was docked at the curcumin binding site of tubulin.
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2015
Abstract Keeping in view the recent success of molecular hybridization technique in drug design, ... more Abstract Keeping in view the recent success of molecular hybridization technique in drug design, 2,4-diarylpyrano[3,2-c]chromen-5(4H)-ones as conjugates of coumarins and chalcones have been designed and synthesized in the present study. The catalytic efficiency of various Lewis acids for the synthesis of designed conjugates under neat conditions was investigated, and SiO2 (200-400 mesh)-ZnCl2 was optimized as the best catalyst among the tested ones. The conjugates were evaluated for in-vitro xanthine oxidase activity. The results of the in-vitro assay were quite promising as some conjugates were endowed with remarkable inhibitory potential against the enzyme. HV-8, 11 and 12 were found to be high-potent inhibitors with HV-11 (the most potent inhibitor) possessing an IC50 value of 2.21 µM. The most active conjugate HV-11 was evaluated for the type of inhibition and was found to be a mixed type inhibitor. The compliance of some selected conjugates to the Lipinski rule was also calculated.
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2014