salman jafari - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by salman jafari
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Aug 1, 2018
In this study, poly(glycerol-co-sebacate-co-«-caprolactone) (PGSCL) elastomers were synthesized f... more In this study, poly(glycerol-co-sebacate-co-«-caprolactone) (PGSCL) elastomers were synthesized for the first time from the respective monomers. The structural analysis of PGSCL elastomers by nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the elastomers have a high number of hydrogen bonds and crosslinks. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis indicated an amorphous state. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the elastomers has a glass transition temperature (T g) of-36.96 C. The Young's modulus and compression strength values were calculated as 46.08 MPa and 3.192 MPa, respectively. Calculations based on acid number and end groups analysis revealed a number average molecular weight of 148.15 kDa. Even though the foaming studies conducted by using supercritical CO 2 resulted in a porous structure; the obtained morphology tended to disappear after 48 h, leaving small cracks on the surface. This phenomenon was interpreted as an indication of self-healing due to the high number of hydrogen bonds. The PGSCL elastomers synthesized in this study are flexible, robust to compression forces and have self-healing capacity. Thanks to good biocompatibility and poor cell-adhesion properties, the elastomers may find diverse applications where a postoperative adhesion barrier is required.
Anti-cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, Dec 16, 2019
مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان, 2016
Background: The role of ion channels and ion concentrations in cell cycle events is noted in rece... more Background: The role of ion channels and ion concentrations in cell cycle events is noted in recent years. Investigation of the role of ion channels during different cell cycle phases tend to discover a relationship between the potential of cell membrane and cell proliferation ability. A variable electric field is produced due to changes in cell membrane potential that plays role in cell division. In this study, inducing external fields with similar intensity and frequency proportion to those fields in cell membrane, the effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELFs) on viability and proliferation ability of MCF-7 cancer cells was evaluated. Methods: Electromagnetic fields with three different intensities and frequencies were produced using an alternative wave generator and an amplifier. MCF-7 cells were exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) for 24, 48 and 72 hour. Along with each treated cell group, a control group was considered. The influence of electromagnetic fields ...
Iranian Journal of Radiation Research, 2018
Background: Skyshine describes the radiation scattered by the atmosphere above a LINAC facility t... more Background: Skyshine describes the radiation scattered by the atmosphere above a LINAC facility to a point on the ground. The aim of this study was to measure the skyshine photon dose rates from two different (9 MV and 18 MV) medical linear accelerators. Materials and Methods: The photon beam was directed upward (180° gantry position), with a maximum photon field size (40 × 40 cm2) at the isocenter. Measurements were obtained around the external points selected outside the room facilities at a horizontal distance from the target by the calibrated RDS-110 survey meter at four points around the isocenter. Results: The measured values of the skyshine photon exposure rates at four points for 9 MV and 18 MV were 0.6, 0.5, 0.5, and 0.4 μSv/h, and 0.6, 0.4, 0.4, and 0.5 μSv/h, respectively. All the measured skyshine photon exposure rates were lower than the values recommended by NCRP 147. Conclusion: There is a poor agreement between the measured and the calculated values; therefore it see...
Avicenna journal of Care and Health in Operating Room
Background: Radiation dose in C-arm procedure and radiography may lead to late complications such... more Background: Radiation dose in C-arm procedure and radiography may lead to late complications such as cancer. Entrance surface dose (ESD) and dose area product (DAP) are two practical indicators for patient dose estimation. This study aimed to calculate ESD and DAP based on exposure parameters for the most common radiographic examinations in educational hospitals of Hamadan. Methods: This work was conducted in three radiography centers in Hamadan in 2020. ESD was determined using a standard equation. Radiation parameters, including maximum kilovolt and milliampere-seconds (mAs), were obtained from the device console, and the output factor was obtained from the calibration certificate. Eventually, ESD and DAP were computed for the head, chest, abdomen, and pelvic radiography examinations. Results: Means of ESD and DAP were 0.68±0.44 mGy and 274.03±179.84 mGy.cm2 for head, as well as 0.13±0.07 mGy and 117.64±70.07 mGy.cm2 for chest. In addition, the corresponding valures were 1.31±0.82...
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Mar 1, 2012
Background: One of the diagnostic methods for cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary arte... more Background: One of the diagnostic methods for cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary artery abnormalities, is imaging. Invention of computed tomography (CT) devices with a multi-detector row in recent years has created new capabilities in the field of imaging, especially cardiovascular imaging. CT coronary angiography is a new imaging technique which can be implemented with these devices. Despite many advantages, this method imposes high absorbed dose (total ionizing dose, TID) to patients. Therefore, assessing the imposed dose rate to patients is very necessary. We assessed the doses absorbed by different organs including skin, thyroid, and eyes in CT coronary angiography and compared them with the values in conventional angiography. Methods: In this study, doses absorbed by skin, thyroid, and eyes of 67 patients were assessed. The subjects referred to Alzahra and Sina Hospitals (Isfahan, Iran) for CT coronary angiography. Doses were calculated through practical measurements of point doses using thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD). In order for dosimetry of each of the mentioned organs, we used a pair of TLD GR-200. The average value obtained from each pair of TLD was considered as the dose of the organ. Dosimeters were calibrated using a Co-60 source. After the imaging, the dose values were separately calculated for each organ. The values were then compared with corresponding values in conventional angiography. The used CT devices were a 64-row detector CT (Lightspeed VCT, U.S.) in Alzahra Hospital and a 64-cross-sectional device (Phillips) in Sina Hospital. Findings: The mean doses absorbed by skin, thyroid, and eyes in CT coronary angiography were 8.32 ± 1.73 cGy, 2.06 ± 1.68 cGy, and 0.3 ± 0.1.6 cGy, respectively. The corresponding values in conventional angiography were 6.64 ± 9.3 cGy, 0.15 ± 0.17 cGy, and 0.03 ± 0.03 cGy. There was a significant difference between the 2 imaging methods in doses absorbed by the organs (P < 0.001). Range of doses absorbed by the skin in CT and conventional coronary [...]
International electronic journal of medicine, Sep 30, 2020
Background: Every year, many people around the world die from cancers. Among all types of cancers... more Background: Every year, many people around the world die from cancers. Among all types of cancers, brain cancer has been recognized as one of the most deadly cancers due to the late detection and limitations of current therapies, and thus it remains an unresolved problem. Glioblastoma occurs in different parts of the central nervous system and is one of the most important causes of cancer death in people. In addition, there are many problems for the treatment of cancer cells. One of the limiting factors is the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs. In this regard, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) is an effective method for overcoming this problem. Materials and Methods: In this study, iron oxide-NPs were synthesized and loaded on the folic and lomustine. Further, the size and morphology of NPs were assessed by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Then, the U87-MG cell line was cultured in the Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium and treated with nano, nano-folic, nano-lomustine (LUM), LUM, and complex, followed by evaluating 50% inhibitory concentration, tetrazolium assay, and caspase-6 activity. Results: Our results showed that cell viability decreased in LUM container groups by increasing the incubation time. Based on the caspase-6 activity analysis, the mortality rate increased in LUM container groups after 3 days. These findings indicated that LUM, complex, and nano-LUM increase cell death in U87MG. Conclusion: Finally, the results suggested that LUM in NPs could be applied as a safer form of drug delivery for targeting cancer.
Hormozgan Medical Journal, Sep 20, 2020
Studies have documented criteria for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 pneumon... more Studies have documented criteria for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia as more information has become available about its symptoms and complications. Similar to other coronavirus-induced cases of pneumonia, COVID-19 pneumonia causes acute respiratory problems. The chest CT scan, which is easily available in almost all areas, is a common imaging technique for diagnosing pneumonia. Its findings, which are accompanied by high speed, quality, and accuracy, allow the radiologist to easily identify affected areas of the lungs and to determine typical radiological features of patients with pneumonia caused by COVID-19. These features include ground-glass opacity, multifocal patchy consolidation, and interstitial changes with the peripheral distribution. The highest incidence occurs in the 4th and 5th lobes, where about 50% to 75% of the lesions observed. For infected patients, the CT scan protocol includes administration of HRCT technique in the inspiration phase with spiral 4-slice devices and higher. Scan parameters also include KV: 100-120, and mAs: 20-30, thickness = 1-2 mm, spiral, single breath-hold, and Pitch = 0.8-1.5, which are determined for all patients. Since there are restrictions on using ionizing radiation for pregnant women, it is recommended to initially conduct PCR tests. If necessary, typical radiography with an abdominal shield can be used for women in the first trimester of pregnancy, and the HRCT technique in low doses can be used for those in the second and third trimesters.
Journal of biomedical physics & engineering, Jul 22, 2018
Background: Radiosensitization using nanoparticles is proposed as a novel strategy for treatment ... more Background: Radiosensitization using nanoparticles is proposed as a novel strategy for treatment of different cancers. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been reported to enhance effects of radiotherapy in several researches. Objective: The objective of this research is to investigate the radiosensitization properties of polyglycerol coated SPIONs (PG-SPIONs) on U87-MG cancer cells. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, polyglycerol coated SPI-ONs were synthesized by thermal decomposition method and characterized by FTIR, TEM and VSM analysis. Cellular uptake of nanoparticles by cells was examined via AAS. Cytotoxicity and radiosensitization of nanoparticles in combination with radiation were evaluated by MTT and colony assay, respectively. Results: Mean size of nanoparticles was 17.9±2.85 nm. FTIR verified SPIONs coating by Polyglycerol and VSM showed that they have superparamagnetic behaviour. Viability significantly (P < 0.001) decreased at concentrations above 100µg/ml for SPIONs but not for PG-SPIONs (P > 0.05). Dose verification results by TLD for doses of 2 and 4 Gy were 2±0.19 and 4±0.12 Gy respectively. The combination index for all situations was less than 1 and the effect is antagonism. Conclusion: However, PG-SPIONs combination with 6 MV X-ray reduced survival of U87-MG cells compared to radiation alone but the effect is antagonism.
Hormozgan Medical Journal
Background: Although radiography tests are beneficial in diagnosing various diseases, they have s... more Background: Although radiography tests are beneficial in diagnosing various diseases, they have some risks for patients and radiology staff, which will be minimized if observing radiation protection standards. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and performance of radiographers regarding radiation protection in the radiology departments of Bandar Abbas. Methods: This work was performed as a descriptive-analytical study. A questionnaire consisting of 38 items was distributed among all radiographers in Bandar Abbas. Information obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed by appropriate nonparametric tests and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to normalize the distribution of scores. Finally, linear regression was employed to determine the effect of each independent variable on the knowledge score. Results: The participation rate of radiographers was 53.9%. The means and standard deviations of scores assigned to at...
مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان, 2016
مقدمه: استفاده از Computed tomography scan (CT scan) آنژیوگرافی عروق کرونری، به عنوان یک روش تصوی... more مقدمه: استفاده از Computed tomography scan (CT scan) آنژیوگرافی عروق کرونری، به عنوان یک روش تصویربرداری برای ارزیابی غیر تهاجمی بیماریهای عروق کرونری در حال افزایش است و به همین دلیل، دز قابل توجهی از آزمونهای CT scan را به خود اختصاص میدهد. آگاهی از پارامترهای مختلف برای تخمین دز، نقش مهمی در افزایش درک از تابشگیری بیماران و در نتیجه، کمک به کاهش دز دارد. به این منظور، در این مطالعه، شاخص وزنی دز CT scan (Weighted computed tomography dose index یا CTDIW) برای آزمون CT scan آنژیوگرافی عروق کرونری در مراکز پزشکی اصفهان اندازهگیری شد. روشها: با استفاده از اتاقک یونیزاسیون Piranha و فانتوم تنه آکریلیک با اعمال کیلوولت، میلیآمپر ثانیه، ضخامت مقطع و عامل پیچی که به طور معمول در مراکز استفاده میشود، مقادیر CTDIW برای آزمون CT scan آنژیوگرافی عروق کرونری در بیمارستان سینا و مرکز آموزشی-درمانی الزهرای (س) اصفهان، اندازهگیری شد. یافتهها: مقدار متوسط CTDIW مربوط به آزمون CT scan آنژیوگرافی عروق کرونری برای اسکنهای معمول در بیمارستان سینا و مرکز آموزشی- درمانی الزهرای (س) اصفهان ب...
Background: The Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) play a critical role in the optimization of ra... more Background: The Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) play a critical role in the optimization of radiation dose especially, in some conditions like pediatrics. They are useful indicators by which the radiologists can be aware of delivered excess radiation doses to the patients, and take corrective actions if necessary. In order to meet some requirements for establishing the national computed tomography DRLs tables, much studies are needed all around the country. Materials and Methods: All active computed tomography (CT) scanners in public and private centers in Tehran were identified and checked for quality assurance and control certification. Eleven centers were chosen to be studied according to CT examination frequencies. Weighted CT dose index (CTDIw) and dose length product (DLP) for head, sinus, chest and abdomen/ pelvis scans of children were obtained from scanner's operator consoles and classified into four groups based on their ages (A; <1 year, B; 1-5 years, C; 5-10 years and D; 10-15 years). The 3rd quartiles of CTDIw were considered as DRLs and compared with the reported European Union (EU) and United Kingdom (UK) ones. Results: DRLs for head, sinus, chest and abdomen/pelvis scans were found to be 86.
Iranian Journal of Medical Physics, 2018
Introduction: The Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) play a critical role in the optimization of ... more Introduction: The Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) play a critical role in the optimization of radiation dose especially, in some conditions like pediatrics. They are useful indicators by which the radiologists can be aware of delivered excess radiation doses to the patients, and take corrective actions if necessary. In order to meet some requirements for establishing the national computed tomography DRLs tables, much studies are needed all around the country. Materials and Methods: All active computed tomography (CT) scanners in public and private centers in Tehran were identified and checked for quality assurance and control certification. Eleven centers were chosen to be studied according to CT examination frequencies. Weighted CT dose index (CTDIw) and dose length product (DLP) for head, sinus, chest and abdomen/pelvis scans of children were obtained from scanner’s operator consoles and classified into four groups based on their ages (A; <1 year, B; 1-5 years, C; 5-10 years...
Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR, 2020
This study aimed to improve delivery of lomustine as a chemotherapeutic agent and to increase its... more This study aimed to improve delivery of lomustine as a chemotherapeutic agent and to increase its uptake by U87-MG cancer cells via synthesizes LN-FA-PG-SPIONs (lomustine loaded polyglycerol coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with folic acid). Nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal decomposition method and characterized using TEM (transmission microscope), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer). Lomustine release from nanoparticles was determined by dialysis-bag diffusion technique. Nanoparticles cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. Mean size of SPIONs and FA-PG-SPIONs (PG-SPIONs conjugated with folic acid) were 7.1 ± 1.13 nm and 25.1 ± 3.94 nm, respectively. Based on FTIR spectra SPIONs were successfully coated by polyglycerol and conjugated with folic acid. Lomustine encapsulation efficiency was 46 ± 6.8 %. SPIONs were cytotoxic on U87-MG cells at concentration above 100 ug/ml (p < 0.05) but PG-SP...
Background: Every year, many people around the world die from cancers. Among all types of cancers... more Background: Every year, many people around the world die from cancers. Among all types of cancers, brain cancer has been recognized as one of the most deadly cancers due to the late detection and limitations of current therapies, and thus it remains an unresolved problem. Glioblastoma occurs in different parts of the central nervous system and is one of the most important causes of cancer death in people. In addition, there are many problems for the treatment of cancer cells. One of the limiting factors is the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs. In this regard, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) is an effective method for overcoming this problem. Materials and Methods: In this study, iron oxide-NPs were synthesized and loaded on the folic and lomustine. Further, the size and morphology of NPs were assessed by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Then, the U87-MG cell line was cultured in the Dulbecco’s Modified E...
Hormozgan Medical Journal, 2020
Studies have documented criteria for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 pneumon... more Studies have documented criteria for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia as more information has become available about its symptoms and complications. Similar to other coronavirus-induced cases of pneumonia, COVID-19 pneumonia causes acute respiratory problems. The chest CT scan, which is easily available in almost all areas, is a common imaging technique for diagnosing pneumonia. Its findings, which are accompanied by high speed, quality, and accuracy, allow the radiologist to easily identify affected areas of the lungs and to determine typical radiological features of patients with pneumonia caused by COVID-19. These features include ground-glass opacity, multifocal patchy consolidation, and interstitial changes with the peripheral distribution. The highest incidence occurs in the 4th and 5th lobes, where about 50% to 75% of the lesions observed. For infected patients, the CT scan protocol includes administration of HRCT technique in the inspiration pha...
International Electronic Journal of Medicine, 2020
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a global health concern and a wide range of people are... more Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a global health concern and a wide range of people are at risk. Pregnant women are considered high-risk groups due to hormonal changes and weakness in the immune system. In the present study, the transmission of COVID-19 from mother to fetus and infection of children under the age of 10 with this virus were discussed. This study tries to investigate whether the coronavirus can be transmitted from a pregnant mother to her fetus and whether the virus can be transmitted to the baby through breast milk. According to researchers, children under the age of 10 do not get the disease; however, the first case of a baby with coronavirus was reported in Mashhad, Iran, based on the world’s up-to-date studies and the perceptions of medical experts.
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 2019
Background and Objective: Glucosamine is a widely prescribed dietary supplement used in the treat... more Background and Objective: Glucosamine is a widely prescribed dietary supplement used in the treatment of osteoarthritis. In the present study, the chemoprotectant ability of glucosamine was evaluated against cisplatin-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in rat bone marrow cells. Methods: Glucosamine was orally administrated to rats at doses of 75 and 150 mg/kg body weight for seven consecutive days. On the seventh day, the rats were treated with a single injection of cisplatin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) at 1h after the last oral administration. The cisplatin antagonistic potential of glucosamine was assessed by micronucleus assay, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) level analysis, hematological analysis, and flow cytometry. Results: Glucosamine administration to cisplatin-treated rats significantly decreased the frequencies of Micronucleated Polychromatic Erythrocytes (MnPCEs) and Micronucleated Normchromatic Erythrocytes (MnNCEs), and also increased PCE/(PCE+NCE) ratio in bone marrow cells. Furt...
Background: One of the diagnostic methods for cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary arte... more Background: One of the diagnostic methods for cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary artery abnormalities, is imaging. Invention of computed tomography (CT) devices with a multi-detector row in recent years has created new capabilities in the field of imaging, especially cardiovascular imaging. CT coronary angiography is a new imaging technique which can be implemented with these devices. Despite many advantages, this method imposes high absorbed dose (total ionizing dose, TID) to patients. Therefore, assessing the imposed dose rate to patients is very necessary. We assessed the doses absorbed by different organs including skin, thyroid, and eyes in CT coronary angiography and compared them with the values in conventional angiography. Methods: In this study, doses absorbed by skin, thyroid, and eyes of 67 patients were assessed. The subjects referred to Alzahra and Sina Hospitals (Isfahan, Iran) for CT coronary angiography. Doses were calculated through practical measurements of point doses using thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD). In order for dosimetry of each of the mentioned organs, we used a pair of TLD GR-200. The average value obtained from each pair of TLD was considered as the dose of the organ. Dosimeters were calibrated using a Co-60 source. After the imaging, the dose values were separately calculated for each organ. The values were then compared with corresponding values in conventional angiography. The used CT devices were a 64-row detector CT (Lightspeed VCT, U.S.) in Alzahra Hospital and a 64-cross-sectional device (Phillips) in Sina Hospital. Findings: The mean doses absorbed by skin, thyroid, and eyes in CT coronary angiography were 8.32 ± 1.73 cGy, 2.06 ± 1.68 cGy, and 0.3 ± 0.1.6 cGy, respectively. The corresponding values in conventional angiography were 6.64 ± 9.3 cGy, 0.15 ± 0.17 cGy, and 0.03 ± 0.03 cGy. There was a significant difference between the 2 imaging methods in doses absorbed by the organs (P < 0.001). Range of doses absorbed by the skin in CT and conventional coronary [...]
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Aug 1, 2018
In this study, poly(glycerol-co-sebacate-co-«-caprolactone) (PGSCL) elastomers were synthesized f... more In this study, poly(glycerol-co-sebacate-co-«-caprolactone) (PGSCL) elastomers were synthesized for the first time from the respective monomers. The structural analysis of PGSCL elastomers by nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the elastomers have a high number of hydrogen bonds and crosslinks. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis indicated an amorphous state. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the elastomers has a glass transition temperature (T g) of-36.96 C. The Young's modulus and compression strength values were calculated as 46.08 MPa and 3.192 MPa, respectively. Calculations based on acid number and end groups analysis revealed a number average molecular weight of 148.15 kDa. Even though the foaming studies conducted by using supercritical CO 2 resulted in a porous structure; the obtained morphology tended to disappear after 48 h, leaving small cracks on the surface. This phenomenon was interpreted as an indication of self-healing due to the high number of hydrogen bonds. The PGSCL elastomers synthesized in this study are flexible, robust to compression forces and have self-healing capacity. Thanks to good biocompatibility and poor cell-adhesion properties, the elastomers may find diverse applications where a postoperative adhesion barrier is required.
Anti-cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, Dec 16, 2019
مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان, 2016
Background: The role of ion channels and ion concentrations in cell cycle events is noted in rece... more Background: The role of ion channels and ion concentrations in cell cycle events is noted in recent years. Investigation of the role of ion channels during different cell cycle phases tend to discover a relationship between the potential of cell membrane and cell proliferation ability. A variable electric field is produced due to changes in cell membrane potential that plays role in cell division. In this study, inducing external fields with similar intensity and frequency proportion to those fields in cell membrane, the effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELFs) on viability and proliferation ability of MCF-7 cancer cells was evaluated. Methods: Electromagnetic fields with three different intensities and frequencies were produced using an alternative wave generator and an amplifier. MCF-7 cells were exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) for 24, 48 and 72 hour. Along with each treated cell group, a control group was considered. The influence of electromagnetic fields ...
Iranian Journal of Radiation Research, 2018
Background: Skyshine describes the radiation scattered by the atmosphere above a LINAC facility t... more Background: Skyshine describes the radiation scattered by the atmosphere above a LINAC facility to a point on the ground. The aim of this study was to measure the skyshine photon dose rates from two different (9 MV and 18 MV) medical linear accelerators. Materials and Methods: The photon beam was directed upward (180° gantry position), with a maximum photon field size (40 × 40 cm2) at the isocenter. Measurements were obtained around the external points selected outside the room facilities at a horizontal distance from the target by the calibrated RDS-110 survey meter at four points around the isocenter. Results: The measured values of the skyshine photon exposure rates at four points for 9 MV and 18 MV were 0.6, 0.5, 0.5, and 0.4 μSv/h, and 0.6, 0.4, 0.4, and 0.5 μSv/h, respectively. All the measured skyshine photon exposure rates were lower than the values recommended by NCRP 147. Conclusion: There is a poor agreement between the measured and the calculated values; therefore it see...
Avicenna journal of Care and Health in Operating Room
Background: Radiation dose in C-arm procedure and radiography may lead to late complications such... more Background: Radiation dose in C-arm procedure and radiography may lead to late complications such as cancer. Entrance surface dose (ESD) and dose area product (DAP) are two practical indicators for patient dose estimation. This study aimed to calculate ESD and DAP based on exposure parameters for the most common radiographic examinations in educational hospitals of Hamadan. Methods: This work was conducted in three radiography centers in Hamadan in 2020. ESD was determined using a standard equation. Radiation parameters, including maximum kilovolt and milliampere-seconds (mAs), were obtained from the device console, and the output factor was obtained from the calibration certificate. Eventually, ESD and DAP were computed for the head, chest, abdomen, and pelvic radiography examinations. Results: Means of ESD and DAP were 0.68±0.44 mGy and 274.03±179.84 mGy.cm2 for head, as well as 0.13±0.07 mGy and 117.64±70.07 mGy.cm2 for chest. In addition, the corresponding valures were 1.31±0.82...
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Mar 1, 2012
Background: One of the diagnostic methods for cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary arte... more Background: One of the diagnostic methods for cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary artery abnormalities, is imaging. Invention of computed tomography (CT) devices with a multi-detector row in recent years has created new capabilities in the field of imaging, especially cardiovascular imaging. CT coronary angiography is a new imaging technique which can be implemented with these devices. Despite many advantages, this method imposes high absorbed dose (total ionizing dose, TID) to patients. Therefore, assessing the imposed dose rate to patients is very necessary. We assessed the doses absorbed by different organs including skin, thyroid, and eyes in CT coronary angiography and compared them with the values in conventional angiography. Methods: In this study, doses absorbed by skin, thyroid, and eyes of 67 patients were assessed. The subjects referred to Alzahra and Sina Hospitals (Isfahan, Iran) for CT coronary angiography. Doses were calculated through practical measurements of point doses using thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD). In order for dosimetry of each of the mentioned organs, we used a pair of TLD GR-200. The average value obtained from each pair of TLD was considered as the dose of the organ. Dosimeters were calibrated using a Co-60 source. After the imaging, the dose values were separately calculated for each organ. The values were then compared with corresponding values in conventional angiography. The used CT devices were a 64-row detector CT (Lightspeed VCT, U.S.) in Alzahra Hospital and a 64-cross-sectional device (Phillips) in Sina Hospital. Findings: The mean doses absorbed by skin, thyroid, and eyes in CT coronary angiography were 8.32 ± 1.73 cGy, 2.06 ± 1.68 cGy, and 0.3 ± 0.1.6 cGy, respectively. The corresponding values in conventional angiography were 6.64 ± 9.3 cGy, 0.15 ± 0.17 cGy, and 0.03 ± 0.03 cGy. There was a significant difference between the 2 imaging methods in doses absorbed by the organs (P < 0.001). Range of doses absorbed by the skin in CT and conventional coronary [...]
International electronic journal of medicine, Sep 30, 2020
Background: Every year, many people around the world die from cancers. Among all types of cancers... more Background: Every year, many people around the world die from cancers. Among all types of cancers, brain cancer has been recognized as one of the most deadly cancers due to the late detection and limitations of current therapies, and thus it remains an unresolved problem. Glioblastoma occurs in different parts of the central nervous system and is one of the most important causes of cancer death in people. In addition, there are many problems for the treatment of cancer cells. One of the limiting factors is the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs. In this regard, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) is an effective method for overcoming this problem. Materials and Methods: In this study, iron oxide-NPs were synthesized and loaded on the folic and lomustine. Further, the size and morphology of NPs were assessed by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Then, the U87-MG cell line was cultured in the Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium and treated with nano, nano-folic, nano-lomustine (LUM), LUM, and complex, followed by evaluating 50% inhibitory concentration, tetrazolium assay, and caspase-6 activity. Results: Our results showed that cell viability decreased in LUM container groups by increasing the incubation time. Based on the caspase-6 activity analysis, the mortality rate increased in LUM container groups after 3 days. These findings indicated that LUM, complex, and nano-LUM increase cell death in U87MG. Conclusion: Finally, the results suggested that LUM in NPs could be applied as a safer form of drug delivery for targeting cancer.
Hormozgan Medical Journal, Sep 20, 2020
Studies have documented criteria for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 pneumon... more Studies have documented criteria for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia as more information has become available about its symptoms and complications. Similar to other coronavirus-induced cases of pneumonia, COVID-19 pneumonia causes acute respiratory problems. The chest CT scan, which is easily available in almost all areas, is a common imaging technique for diagnosing pneumonia. Its findings, which are accompanied by high speed, quality, and accuracy, allow the radiologist to easily identify affected areas of the lungs and to determine typical radiological features of patients with pneumonia caused by COVID-19. These features include ground-glass opacity, multifocal patchy consolidation, and interstitial changes with the peripheral distribution. The highest incidence occurs in the 4th and 5th lobes, where about 50% to 75% of the lesions observed. For infected patients, the CT scan protocol includes administration of HRCT technique in the inspiration phase with spiral 4-slice devices and higher. Scan parameters also include KV: 100-120, and mAs: 20-30, thickness = 1-2 mm, spiral, single breath-hold, and Pitch = 0.8-1.5, which are determined for all patients. Since there are restrictions on using ionizing radiation for pregnant women, it is recommended to initially conduct PCR tests. If necessary, typical radiography with an abdominal shield can be used for women in the first trimester of pregnancy, and the HRCT technique in low doses can be used for those in the second and third trimesters.
Journal of biomedical physics & engineering, Jul 22, 2018
Background: Radiosensitization using nanoparticles is proposed as a novel strategy for treatment ... more Background: Radiosensitization using nanoparticles is proposed as a novel strategy for treatment of different cancers. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been reported to enhance effects of radiotherapy in several researches. Objective: The objective of this research is to investigate the radiosensitization properties of polyglycerol coated SPIONs (PG-SPIONs) on U87-MG cancer cells. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, polyglycerol coated SPI-ONs were synthesized by thermal decomposition method and characterized by FTIR, TEM and VSM analysis. Cellular uptake of nanoparticles by cells was examined via AAS. Cytotoxicity and radiosensitization of nanoparticles in combination with radiation were evaluated by MTT and colony assay, respectively. Results: Mean size of nanoparticles was 17.9±2.85 nm. FTIR verified SPIONs coating by Polyglycerol and VSM showed that they have superparamagnetic behaviour. Viability significantly (P < 0.001) decreased at concentrations above 100µg/ml for SPIONs but not for PG-SPIONs (P > 0.05). Dose verification results by TLD for doses of 2 and 4 Gy were 2±0.19 and 4±0.12 Gy respectively. The combination index for all situations was less than 1 and the effect is antagonism. Conclusion: However, PG-SPIONs combination with 6 MV X-ray reduced survival of U87-MG cells compared to radiation alone but the effect is antagonism.
Hormozgan Medical Journal
Background: Although radiography tests are beneficial in diagnosing various diseases, they have s... more Background: Although radiography tests are beneficial in diagnosing various diseases, they have some risks for patients and radiology staff, which will be minimized if observing radiation protection standards. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and performance of radiographers regarding radiation protection in the radiology departments of Bandar Abbas. Methods: This work was performed as a descriptive-analytical study. A questionnaire consisting of 38 items was distributed among all radiographers in Bandar Abbas. Information obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed by appropriate nonparametric tests and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to normalize the distribution of scores. Finally, linear regression was employed to determine the effect of each independent variable on the knowledge score. Results: The participation rate of radiographers was 53.9%. The means and standard deviations of scores assigned to at...
مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان, 2016
مقدمه: استفاده از Computed tomography scan (CT scan) آنژیوگرافی عروق کرونری، به عنوان یک روش تصوی... more مقدمه: استفاده از Computed tomography scan (CT scan) آنژیوگرافی عروق کرونری، به عنوان یک روش تصویربرداری برای ارزیابی غیر تهاجمی بیماریهای عروق کرونری در حال افزایش است و به همین دلیل، دز قابل توجهی از آزمونهای CT scan را به خود اختصاص میدهد. آگاهی از پارامترهای مختلف برای تخمین دز، نقش مهمی در افزایش درک از تابشگیری بیماران و در نتیجه، کمک به کاهش دز دارد. به این منظور، در این مطالعه، شاخص وزنی دز CT scan (Weighted computed tomography dose index یا CTDIW) برای آزمون CT scan آنژیوگرافی عروق کرونری در مراکز پزشکی اصفهان اندازهگیری شد. روشها: با استفاده از اتاقک یونیزاسیون Piranha و فانتوم تنه آکریلیک با اعمال کیلوولت، میلیآمپر ثانیه، ضخامت مقطع و عامل پیچی که به طور معمول در مراکز استفاده میشود، مقادیر CTDIW برای آزمون CT scan آنژیوگرافی عروق کرونری در بیمارستان سینا و مرکز آموزشی-درمانی الزهرای (س) اصفهان، اندازهگیری شد. یافتهها: مقدار متوسط CTDIW مربوط به آزمون CT scan آنژیوگرافی عروق کرونری برای اسکنهای معمول در بیمارستان سینا و مرکز آموزشی- درمانی الزهرای (س) اصفهان ب...
Background: The Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) play a critical role in the optimization of ra... more Background: The Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) play a critical role in the optimization of radiation dose especially, in some conditions like pediatrics. They are useful indicators by which the radiologists can be aware of delivered excess radiation doses to the patients, and take corrective actions if necessary. In order to meet some requirements for establishing the national computed tomography DRLs tables, much studies are needed all around the country. Materials and Methods: All active computed tomography (CT) scanners in public and private centers in Tehran were identified and checked for quality assurance and control certification. Eleven centers were chosen to be studied according to CT examination frequencies. Weighted CT dose index (CTDIw) and dose length product (DLP) for head, sinus, chest and abdomen/ pelvis scans of children were obtained from scanner's operator consoles and classified into four groups based on their ages (A; <1 year, B; 1-5 years, C; 5-10 years and D; 10-15 years). The 3rd quartiles of CTDIw were considered as DRLs and compared with the reported European Union (EU) and United Kingdom (UK) ones. Results: DRLs for head, sinus, chest and abdomen/pelvis scans were found to be 86.
Iranian Journal of Medical Physics, 2018
Introduction: The Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) play a critical role in the optimization of ... more Introduction: The Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) play a critical role in the optimization of radiation dose especially, in some conditions like pediatrics. They are useful indicators by which the radiologists can be aware of delivered excess radiation doses to the patients, and take corrective actions if necessary. In order to meet some requirements for establishing the national computed tomography DRLs tables, much studies are needed all around the country. Materials and Methods: All active computed tomography (CT) scanners in public and private centers in Tehran were identified and checked for quality assurance and control certification. Eleven centers were chosen to be studied according to CT examination frequencies. Weighted CT dose index (CTDIw) and dose length product (DLP) for head, sinus, chest and abdomen/pelvis scans of children were obtained from scanner’s operator consoles and classified into four groups based on their ages (A; <1 year, B; 1-5 years, C; 5-10 years...
Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR, 2020
This study aimed to improve delivery of lomustine as a chemotherapeutic agent and to increase its... more This study aimed to improve delivery of lomustine as a chemotherapeutic agent and to increase its uptake by U87-MG cancer cells via synthesizes LN-FA-PG-SPIONs (lomustine loaded polyglycerol coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with folic acid). Nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal decomposition method and characterized using TEM (transmission microscope), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer). Lomustine release from nanoparticles was determined by dialysis-bag diffusion technique. Nanoparticles cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. Mean size of SPIONs and FA-PG-SPIONs (PG-SPIONs conjugated with folic acid) were 7.1 ± 1.13 nm and 25.1 ± 3.94 nm, respectively. Based on FTIR spectra SPIONs were successfully coated by polyglycerol and conjugated with folic acid. Lomustine encapsulation efficiency was 46 ± 6.8 %. SPIONs were cytotoxic on U87-MG cells at concentration above 100 ug/ml (p < 0.05) but PG-SP...
Background: Every year, many people around the world die from cancers. Among all types of cancers... more Background: Every year, many people around the world die from cancers. Among all types of cancers, brain cancer has been recognized as one of the most deadly cancers due to the late detection and limitations of current therapies, and thus it remains an unresolved problem. Glioblastoma occurs in different parts of the central nervous system and is one of the most important causes of cancer death in people. In addition, there are many problems for the treatment of cancer cells. One of the limiting factors is the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs. In this regard, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) is an effective method for overcoming this problem. Materials and Methods: In this study, iron oxide-NPs were synthesized and loaded on the folic and lomustine. Further, the size and morphology of NPs were assessed by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Then, the U87-MG cell line was cultured in the Dulbecco’s Modified E...
Hormozgan Medical Journal, 2020
Studies have documented criteria for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 pneumon... more Studies have documented criteria for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia as more information has become available about its symptoms and complications. Similar to other coronavirus-induced cases of pneumonia, COVID-19 pneumonia causes acute respiratory problems. The chest CT scan, which is easily available in almost all areas, is a common imaging technique for diagnosing pneumonia. Its findings, which are accompanied by high speed, quality, and accuracy, allow the radiologist to easily identify affected areas of the lungs and to determine typical radiological features of patients with pneumonia caused by COVID-19. These features include ground-glass opacity, multifocal patchy consolidation, and interstitial changes with the peripheral distribution. The highest incidence occurs in the 4th and 5th lobes, where about 50% to 75% of the lesions observed. For infected patients, the CT scan protocol includes administration of HRCT technique in the inspiration pha...
International Electronic Journal of Medicine, 2020
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a global health concern and a wide range of people are... more Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a global health concern and a wide range of people are at risk. Pregnant women are considered high-risk groups due to hormonal changes and weakness in the immune system. In the present study, the transmission of COVID-19 from mother to fetus and infection of children under the age of 10 with this virus were discussed. This study tries to investigate whether the coronavirus can be transmitted from a pregnant mother to her fetus and whether the virus can be transmitted to the baby through breast milk. According to researchers, children under the age of 10 do not get the disease; however, the first case of a baby with coronavirus was reported in Mashhad, Iran, based on the world’s up-to-date studies and the perceptions of medical experts.
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 2019
Background and Objective: Glucosamine is a widely prescribed dietary supplement used in the treat... more Background and Objective: Glucosamine is a widely prescribed dietary supplement used in the treatment of osteoarthritis. In the present study, the chemoprotectant ability of glucosamine was evaluated against cisplatin-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in rat bone marrow cells. Methods: Glucosamine was orally administrated to rats at doses of 75 and 150 mg/kg body weight for seven consecutive days. On the seventh day, the rats were treated with a single injection of cisplatin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) at 1h after the last oral administration. The cisplatin antagonistic potential of glucosamine was assessed by micronucleus assay, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) level analysis, hematological analysis, and flow cytometry. Results: Glucosamine administration to cisplatin-treated rats significantly decreased the frequencies of Micronucleated Polychromatic Erythrocytes (MnPCEs) and Micronucleated Normchromatic Erythrocytes (MnNCEs), and also increased PCE/(PCE+NCE) ratio in bone marrow cells. Furt...
Background: One of the diagnostic methods for cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary arte... more Background: One of the diagnostic methods for cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary artery abnormalities, is imaging. Invention of computed tomography (CT) devices with a multi-detector row in recent years has created new capabilities in the field of imaging, especially cardiovascular imaging. CT coronary angiography is a new imaging technique which can be implemented with these devices. Despite many advantages, this method imposes high absorbed dose (total ionizing dose, TID) to patients. Therefore, assessing the imposed dose rate to patients is very necessary. We assessed the doses absorbed by different organs including skin, thyroid, and eyes in CT coronary angiography and compared them with the values in conventional angiography. Methods: In this study, doses absorbed by skin, thyroid, and eyes of 67 patients were assessed. The subjects referred to Alzahra and Sina Hospitals (Isfahan, Iran) for CT coronary angiography. Doses were calculated through practical measurements of point doses using thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD). In order for dosimetry of each of the mentioned organs, we used a pair of TLD GR-200. The average value obtained from each pair of TLD was considered as the dose of the organ. Dosimeters were calibrated using a Co-60 source. After the imaging, the dose values were separately calculated for each organ. The values were then compared with corresponding values in conventional angiography. The used CT devices were a 64-row detector CT (Lightspeed VCT, U.S.) in Alzahra Hospital and a 64-cross-sectional device (Phillips) in Sina Hospital. Findings: The mean doses absorbed by skin, thyroid, and eyes in CT coronary angiography were 8.32 ± 1.73 cGy, 2.06 ± 1.68 cGy, and 0.3 ± 0.1.6 cGy, respectively. The corresponding values in conventional angiography were 6.64 ± 9.3 cGy, 0.15 ± 0.17 cGy, and 0.03 ± 0.03 cGy. There was a significant difference between the 2 imaging methods in doses absorbed by the organs (P < 0.001). Range of doses absorbed by the skin in CT and conventional coronary [...]