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Papers by samia shad

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Dental Anxiety Among School Going Children of the Age Group 14-16 Years in Abbottabad and Islamabad, Pakistan – a Crosssectional Study

Journal of Khyber College of Dentistry

Objectives:To determine prevalence of dental anxiety among school going children of the age group... more Objectives:To determine prevalence of dental anxiety among school going children of the age group 14 to 16 years old, using Modifi ed Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). Materials & Methods:This cross-sectional study utilized MDAS; The study was completed in time period of 3 months (September 2021 to -November, 2021). which consists of five questions to assess level of dental anxiety. Non-probability volunteer response sampling technique was used. Data was collected through online Google survey form of MDAS and forwarded to the administration and coordinators of diff erent schools’ in Abbottabad and Islamabad. Each questionnaire was filled by the students of 8th, 9th and 10th class. After assessment of dental anxiety among the required age group, comparison between the anxiety levels of males and females and between school children of two cities was done. Data was analyzed using IBM-SPSS statistical software, version 24.0, with signifi cance levels at P<0.005. Results:This study include...

Research paper thumbnail of Dental Caries Prevalence and Oral Health Status in 3 to 15 Years Old School Students in Abbottabad City, Pakistan: An Assessment Survey

Journal of Khyber College of Dentistry

Aim: To assess the score of dental caries (hereinafter referred to as Carries) and status of dent... more Aim: To assess the score of dental caries (hereinafter referred to as Carries) and status of dental hygiene practices in school-going children aged 3-15 years with specific diagnosis and timely referral for the required treatment, according to each participant's oral health condition. Materials & Methods: This study was performed on school-going children of ages 3 to 15 years in Abbottabad City, via a cross-sectional survey method. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used. Data were collected during the ‘Dental Awareness Programme’ from different schools in Abbottabad. Total n=634 were screened and caries score of DMFT/dmft index and orthodontic treatment need were observed and recorded. Also, questions about oral hygiene practices were asked like frequencies of tooth brushing & sugary diet intake from school children and a written record was maintained on structured survey form. Gathered data was import in IBM-SPSS file version 21. Descriptive statistics were used...

Research paper thumbnail of Frequency of Lingual Nerve Injury in Mandibular Third Molar Extraction: A Comparison of Two Surgical Techniques

PubMed, Jan 2, 2016

Background: Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar is associated with a number of co... more Background: Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar is associated with a number of complications including postoperative bleeding, dry socket, postoperative infection, and injury to regional nerves. Lingual nerve damage is one of the main complications. To prevent this complication different techniques had been used. Lingual flap reflection is one of these procedures in which lingual soft tissue is reflected and retracted deliberately, the nerve is identified and is kept out of the surgical field. The objective of this study was to evaluate a surgical technique for third molar removal which is associated with minimum frequency of lingual nerve damage. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was performed. A total of 380 patients with impacted mandibular third molars were included in this study. Each patient was allotted randomly by blocked randomization to group A where procedure was performed by reflection and retraction of lingual flap in addition to buccal flap and group B where procedure was performed by retraction of buccal flap only. Results: Lingual nerve damage occurred in 8.94% in Group A in which lingual flap retraction was performed but damage was reversible. In group B, 2.63% lingual nerve damage was observed and nature of damage was permanent. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.008). Conclusions: Lingual flap retraction poses 3.4 times increased risk of lingual nerve damage during extraction of mandibular third molar when lingual flap is retracted but the nature of damage is reversible.

Research paper thumbnail of Frequency of congenitally missing third molars in orthodontic patients

The Professional Medical Journal

Objective: To determine the frequency of congenitally missing third molars in Orthodontic patient... more Objective: To determine the frequency of congenitally missing third molars in Orthodontic patients. Study Design: Retrospective Study. Setting: Department of Orthodontics at Abbottabad International Dental College, Abbottabad. Period: February 2021 to November 2021. Material & Methods: Retrospective data was collected from the files in the departmental archives. Files from the past seven years were studied for data collection. Congenitally missing teeth were identified from the patient’s history and the Orthopantomogram present within each file. The collected data was analyzed via SPSS software Version 21. Results: Chi-square test was applied to find the frequency of missing teeth. Congenital absence of third molars was highly significant among maxilla and mandible (p-value <0.001). No significant difference was found among the genders. Conclusion: Congenitally missing third molars are more prevalent in the maxilla than the mandible.

Research paper thumbnail of Etiology, Clinical and Radiographic Features of Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis

Objective of the study was to find out the frequency of different etiological factors, clinical a... more Objective of the study was to find out the frequency of different etiological factors, clinical and radiographic features of Temporomandibular joint ankylosis.

Research paper thumbnail of Use of Preoperative Submucosal Dexamethasone in Third Molar Surgery: A Step towards Improvement in Quality of Life

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2020

Background Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molaris one of the most common procedure... more Background Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molaris one of the most common procedures performed by Oral surgeons globally. The objective of the study was to ascertain theefficacyof pre-operative administration of submucosal dexamethasone on post-operative sequelae insurgically extracted impactedmandibular third molar.It was adouble-blind randomized controlled clinical trialthat wasperformed inthe Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery at Abbottabad International Dental Hospital, Abbottabad from March 2019 to March 2020. Methods A total of 150 patientsweredivided into two groups,each having 75 patients. Group A received a placebo after administrationof local anesthesia whereas,group B received 4mg submucosaldexamethasone. A post-operative visit was scheduled after 48 hours to evaluate pain, facial swelling,and Trismus. Results On the second postoperative day, the patients in the experimental group presented with significantly reduced pain, facial swelling,and trismus...

Research paper thumbnail of Role Of 0.2% Bio-Adhesive Chlorhexidine Gel In Reducing Incidence Of Alveolar Osteitis

BACKGROUND Alveolar osteitis is a frequent postoperative complication of third molar surgery. A n... more BACKGROUND Alveolar osteitis is a frequent postoperative complication of third molar surgery. A number of preventive methods have been tried. Chlorhexidine is most widely used antiseptic which is thought to be helpful to prevent alveolar osteitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate role of 0.2% bio-adhesive chlorhexidine gel in reducing incidence of alveolar osteitis after surgical removal of mandibular third molars which causes extra monetary burden on the patients in the form of several follow up visits.. METHODS A randomized clinical trial was performed in the Dental Section, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad. Approval from ethical committee was obtained. Total 180 patients were randomly divided into Group A in which patients received 0.2% bio-adhesive chlorhexidine gel and Group B where patients received placebo gel in the extraction socket after removal of mandibular third molar. RESULTS 0.2% bio-adhesive chlorhexidine gel used after mandibular third molar removal reduc...

Research paper thumbnail of Frequency of Lingual Nerve Injury in Mandibular Third Molar Extraction: A Comparison of Two Surgical Techniques

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC

Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar is associated with a number of complications ... more Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar is associated with a number of complications including postoperative bleeding, dry socket, postoperative infection, and injury to regional nerves. Lingual nerve damage is one of the main complications. To prevent this complication different techniques had been used. Lingual flap reflection is one of these procedures in which lingual soft tissue is reflected and retracted deliberately, the nerve is identified and is kept out of the surgical field. The objective of this study was to evaluate a surgical technique for third molar removal which is associated with minimum frequency of lingual nerve damage. A randomized controlled trial was performed. A total of 380 patients with impacted mandibular third molars were included in this study. Each patient was allotted randomly by blocked randomization to group A where procedure was performed by reflection and retraction of lingual flap in addition to buccal flap and group B where procedure ...

Research paper thumbnail of Frequency of unerupted mandibular third molar in mandibular angle fractures

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC

Fractures of the mandibular angle are common and comprise 31% of all mandibular fractures. Multip... more Fractures of the mandibular angle are common and comprise 31% of all mandibular fractures. Multiple recent studies report a 2-3 fold increased risk for mandibular angle fractures when un-erupted mandibular third molars are present. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of un-erupted mandibular third molar in mandibular angle fractures. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad from April to October 2009. One hundred and two patients were included both from the outdoor and ward on consecutive non-probability sampling base. Data were recorded on a structured Performa and analysed using SPSS-16. A hemi-mandible containing un-erupted mandibular third molar was seen to have a 1.41 times the risk of mandibular angle fracture then a hemi-mandible containing an erupted mandibular third molar. The presence of unerupted mandibular third molar is associated with an increased risk for mandibul...

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Dental Anxiety Among School Going Children of the Age Group 14-16 Years in Abbottabad and Islamabad, Pakistan – a Crosssectional Study

Journal of Khyber College of Dentistry

Objectives:To determine prevalence of dental anxiety among school going children of the age group... more Objectives:To determine prevalence of dental anxiety among school going children of the age group 14 to 16 years old, using Modifi ed Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). Materials & Methods:This cross-sectional study utilized MDAS; The study was completed in time period of 3 months (September 2021 to -November, 2021). which consists of five questions to assess level of dental anxiety. Non-probability volunteer response sampling technique was used. Data was collected through online Google survey form of MDAS and forwarded to the administration and coordinators of diff erent schools’ in Abbottabad and Islamabad. Each questionnaire was filled by the students of 8th, 9th and 10th class. After assessment of dental anxiety among the required age group, comparison between the anxiety levels of males and females and between school children of two cities was done. Data was analyzed using IBM-SPSS statistical software, version 24.0, with signifi cance levels at P<0.005. Results:This study include...

Research paper thumbnail of Dental Caries Prevalence and Oral Health Status in 3 to 15 Years Old School Students in Abbottabad City, Pakistan: An Assessment Survey

Journal of Khyber College of Dentistry

Aim: To assess the score of dental caries (hereinafter referred to as Carries) and status of dent... more Aim: To assess the score of dental caries (hereinafter referred to as Carries) and status of dental hygiene practices in school-going children aged 3-15 years with specific diagnosis and timely referral for the required treatment, according to each participant's oral health condition. Materials & Methods: This study was performed on school-going children of ages 3 to 15 years in Abbottabad City, via a cross-sectional survey method. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used. Data were collected during the ‘Dental Awareness Programme’ from different schools in Abbottabad. Total n=634 were screened and caries score of DMFT/dmft index and orthodontic treatment need were observed and recorded. Also, questions about oral hygiene practices were asked like frequencies of tooth brushing & sugary diet intake from school children and a written record was maintained on structured survey form. Gathered data was import in IBM-SPSS file version 21. Descriptive statistics were used...

Research paper thumbnail of Frequency of Lingual Nerve Injury in Mandibular Third Molar Extraction: A Comparison of Two Surgical Techniques

PubMed, Jan 2, 2016

Background: Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar is associated with a number of co... more Background: Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar is associated with a number of complications including postoperative bleeding, dry socket, postoperative infection, and injury to regional nerves. Lingual nerve damage is one of the main complications. To prevent this complication different techniques had been used. Lingual flap reflection is one of these procedures in which lingual soft tissue is reflected and retracted deliberately, the nerve is identified and is kept out of the surgical field. The objective of this study was to evaluate a surgical technique for third molar removal which is associated with minimum frequency of lingual nerve damage. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was performed. A total of 380 patients with impacted mandibular third molars were included in this study. Each patient was allotted randomly by blocked randomization to group A where procedure was performed by reflection and retraction of lingual flap in addition to buccal flap and group B where procedure was performed by retraction of buccal flap only. Results: Lingual nerve damage occurred in 8.94% in Group A in which lingual flap retraction was performed but damage was reversible. In group B, 2.63% lingual nerve damage was observed and nature of damage was permanent. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.008). Conclusions: Lingual flap retraction poses 3.4 times increased risk of lingual nerve damage during extraction of mandibular third molar when lingual flap is retracted but the nature of damage is reversible.

Research paper thumbnail of Frequency of congenitally missing third molars in orthodontic patients

The Professional Medical Journal

Objective: To determine the frequency of congenitally missing third molars in Orthodontic patient... more Objective: To determine the frequency of congenitally missing third molars in Orthodontic patients. Study Design: Retrospective Study. Setting: Department of Orthodontics at Abbottabad International Dental College, Abbottabad. Period: February 2021 to November 2021. Material & Methods: Retrospective data was collected from the files in the departmental archives. Files from the past seven years were studied for data collection. Congenitally missing teeth were identified from the patient’s history and the Orthopantomogram present within each file. The collected data was analyzed via SPSS software Version 21. Results: Chi-square test was applied to find the frequency of missing teeth. Congenital absence of third molars was highly significant among maxilla and mandible (p-value <0.001). No significant difference was found among the genders. Conclusion: Congenitally missing third molars are more prevalent in the maxilla than the mandible.

Research paper thumbnail of Etiology, Clinical and Radiographic Features of Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis

Objective of the study was to find out the frequency of different etiological factors, clinical a... more Objective of the study was to find out the frequency of different etiological factors, clinical and radiographic features of Temporomandibular joint ankylosis.

Research paper thumbnail of Use of Preoperative Submucosal Dexamethasone in Third Molar Surgery: A Step towards Improvement in Quality of Life

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2020

Background Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molaris one of the most common procedure... more Background Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molaris one of the most common procedures performed by Oral surgeons globally. The objective of the study was to ascertain theefficacyof pre-operative administration of submucosal dexamethasone on post-operative sequelae insurgically extracted impactedmandibular third molar.It was adouble-blind randomized controlled clinical trialthat wasperformed inthe Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery at Abbottabad International Dental Hospital, Abbottabad from March 2019 to March 2020. Methods A total of 150 patientsweredivided into two groups,each having 75 patients. Group A received a placebo after administrationof local anesthesia whereas,group B received 4mg submucosaldexamethasone. A post-operative visit was scheduled after 48 hours to evaluate pain, facial swelling,and Trismus. Results On the second postoperative day, the patients in the experimental group presented with significantly reduced pain, facial swelling,and trismus...

Research paper thumbnail of Role Of 0.2% Bio-Adhesive Chlorhexidine Gel In Reducing Incidence Of Alveolar Osteitis

BACKGROUND Alveolar osteitis is a frequent postoperative complication of third molar surgery. A n... more BACKGROUND Alveolar osteitis is a frequent postoperative complication of third molar surgery. A number of preventive methods have been tried. Chlorhexidine is most widely used antiseptic which is thought to be helpful to prevent alveolar osteitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate role of 0.2% bio-adhesive chlorhexidine gel in reducing incidence of alveolar osteitis after surgical removal of mandibular third molars which causes extra monetary burden on the patients in the form of several follow up visits.. METHODS A randomized clinical trial was performed in the Dental Section, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad. Approval from ethical committee was obtained. Total 180 patients were randomly divided into Group A in which patients received 0.2% bio-adhesive chlorhexidine gel and Group B where patients received placebo gel in the extraction socket after removal of mandibular third molar. RESULTS 0.2% bio-adhesive chlorhexidine gel used after mandibular third molar removal reduc...

Research paper thumbnail of Frequency of Lingual Nerve Injury in Mandibular Third Molar Extraction: A Comparison of Two Surgical Techniques

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC

Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar is associated with a number of complications ... more Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar is associated with a number of complications including postoperative bleeding, dry socket, postoperative infection, and injury to regional nerves. Lingual nerve damage is one of the main complications. To prevent this complication different techniques had been used. Lingual flap reflection is one of these procedures in which lingual soft tissue is reflected and retracted deliberately, the nerve is identified and is kept out of the surgical field. The objective of this study was to evaluate a surgical technique for third molar removal which is associated with minimum frequency of lingual nerve damage. A randomized controlled trial was performed. A total of 380 patients with impacted mandibular third molars were included in this study. Each patient was allotted randomly by blocked randomization to group A where procedure was performed by reflection and retraction of lingual flap in addition to buccal flap and group B where procedure ...

Research paper thumbnail of Frequency of unerupted mandibular third molar in mandibular angle fractures

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC

Fractures of the mandibular angle are common and comprise 31% of all mandibular fractures. Multip... more Fractures of the mandibular angle are common and comprise 31% of all mandibular fractures. Multiple recent studies report a 2-3 fold increased risk for mandibular angle fractures when un-erupted mandibular third molars are present. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of un-erupted mandibular third molar in mandibular angle fractures. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad from April to October 2009. One hundred and two patients were included both from the outdoor and ward on consecutive non-probability sampling base. Data were recorded on a structured Performa and analysed using SPSS-16. A hemi-mandible containing un-erupted mandibular third molar was seen to have a 1.41 times the risk of mandibular angle fracture then a hemi-mandible containing an erupted mandibular third molar. The presence of unerupted mandibular third molar is associated with an increased risk for mandibul...